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Grappling refers to the gripping, handling and controlling of an opponent without the use of striking.
Grappling is used ubiquitously in freestyle or full contact fighting such as mixed martial arts.
Grappling is forbidden by some martialarts and martial arts-derived sports, for the sake of focusing on other aspects of combat such as punching, kicking or using weapons such as a sword.
Grappling is an element of many martial arts, and consists of techniques for handling the opponent in which the opponent is held or gripped rather than struck.
Grappling may be engaged in either standing or on the ground, although many standing techniques are takedowns or throws, and used for forcing the opponent to an unfavourable position on the ground.
Grappling is notably not a distinct martial art, but a mode of fighting used by many different martial arts artound the world, just as much as striking in and of itself is not a complete martial art, but one mode of fighting.