Look up Gravedigger in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. - For other uses of "gravedigger" or "Grave Digger", see gravedigger (disambiguation).
A gravedigger is a cemetery worker responsible for digging graves used in the process of burial. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...
Wiktionary (a portmanteau of wiki and dictionary) is a multilingual, Web-based project to create a free content dictionary, available in over 150 languages. ...
A gravedigger is a person who digs graves. ...
Castle Ashby Graveyard Northamptonshire A cemetery is a place in which dead bodies and cremated remains are buried. ...
Ancient unreadable gravestones mark the position of graves in the parish churchyard at Bourton-on-the-Water, Gloucestershire, England A grave is a place where the body of a dead animal, generally human, is buried, often after a funeral. ...
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Fossores
Fossor (plural Fossores) or Fossarius (plural Fossarii), from the Latin verb fodere 'to dig', referred to grave diggers in the Roman catacombs in the first three or four centuries of the Christian Era. The determination, from the first days of the Church, of the ecclesiastical authorities to inter the mortal remains of the faithful in cemeteries reserved exclusively to Christians, brought into existence the class of workmen known as fossors. The duties of the Christian fossor corresponded in a general way with those of the pagan vespillones, but whereas the latter were held in anything but esteem in pagan society (many religions consider corpses, and sometimes anyone who touches them, 'unclean' also in a religious sense), the fossors from an early date were ranked among the inferior clergy of the Church (Wieland, Ordines Minores, 1897), an excellent example of the influence of Christianity on the lowest orders of society. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (880x1265, 314 KB) Viktor Vasnetsov. ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (880x1265, 314 KB) Viktor Vasnetsov. ...
Self-portrait 1873 Viktor Mikhailovich Vasnetsov (Виктор Михайлович ВаÑнецов) (May 15 (N.S.), 1848—1926) was a Russian artist who specialized in mythological and historical subjects. ...
Catacombs Paris Catacombs Rome - entrance Catacombs Rome - entrance (detail) Catacombs Lima. ...
For other uses, see Christian (disambiguation). ...
For the architectural structure, see Church (building). ...
Clergy is the generic term used to describe the formal religious leadership within a given religion. ...
An interesting literary reference to fossors, in their character of one of the orders of the inferior clergy, is found in the "Gesta apud Zenophilum", an appendix to the work of St. Optatus of Mileve against the heretical Donatists. Speaking of the "house in which Christians assembled" at Cirta in the year 303, during the persecution of Diocletian, this writer enumerates first the higher orders of the clergy present, from the bishop to the subdeacons, and then mentions by name the fossors Januarius, Heraclus, Fructuosus, et ceteris fossoribus ("Opp. S. Optati", ed. C. Ziwsa, in "Corpus Script. Eccl. Lat.", Vienna, 1893, XXVI, 187). St. Jerome also (Ep. xlix) alludes to fossors as clerici, and a sixth-century chronicle edited by Cardinal Mai (Spicil. Rom., IX, 133) enumerates the (minor) orders of the clergy as ostiarius, fossorius, lector, etc. At first the fossors seem to have received no regular salary, but were paid by individuals for the work accomplished; with the organization of the Church, however, they appear to have been paid from the common treasury. In the fourth century the corporation of fossors were empowered to sell burial spaces, as we learn from inscriptions. For example, in the cemetery of St. Cyriacus two women bought from the fossor Quintus a bisomus, or double grave, retro sanctos (behind, and near, a martyr's tomb), and there are several other references to this practice. Saint Optatus, sometimes anglicized as St. ...
The Donatists (founded by the Berber christian Donatus) were followers of a belief considered a heresy by the Roman Catholic Church. ...
Constantine or Qustantînah is a city and wilaya in north-east Algeria, slightly inland. ...
Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus ( 245– 312), born Diocles (Greek Διοκλής) and known in English as Diocletian,[1] was Roman Emperor from November 20, 284 to May 1, 305. ...
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Subdeacon is a title used in various branches of Christianity. ...
For other uses see: Jerome (disambiguation) Jerome (about 340 - September 30, 420), (full name Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus) is best known as the translator of the Bible from Greek and Hebrew into Latin. ...
The coat of arms of a Cardinal are indicated by a red galero (wide-brimmed hat) with 15 tassels on each side (the motto and escutcheon are proper to the individual Cardinal). ...
An ostiarius, a Latin word sometimes anglicized as Ostiary but often literally translated as porter or doorman, originally was a servant or guard posted at the entrance of a building. ...
Look up Gravedigger in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
A lector, in Latin, is a broad definition for a person who reads, aloud or not. ...
Saint Cyriacus is a saint who lived under Roman Emperor Diocletian. ...
The corporation of fossors probably did not consist merely of the labourers who excavated the galleries of the catacombs; it included also the artists who decorated the tombs, as appears from another allusion in the "Gesta apud Zenophilum" already cited. According to this authority two fossors were brought before the judge (inductis et adplicitis Victore Samsurici et Saturnino fossoribus); when interrogated as to their calling, one replied that he was a fossor, the other that he was an antifex. The latter term at that period included the professions of painter and sculptor. Thus it would seem that this person who is generically referred to as a fossor is also an artist. The word catacomb comes from Greek kata kumbas (L. ad catacumbas), near the low place and originally it meant a certain burial district in Rome. ...
Among the representations of fossors in the catacombs the one best known, through Wiseman's "Fabiola", is that of the fossor Diogenes, discovered by Boldetti. The picture, which was seriously damaged in an attempt to remove it from the wall, represents Diogenes with his pick over his right shoulder and a sack, probably containing his midday meal, on his left shoulder, while in his left hand he carries a staff with a light attached. The inscription reads: DIOGENES FOSSOR, IN PACE DEPOSITVS, OCTABV KALENDAS OCTOBRIS (the fossor Diogenes, interred in peace, the eighth day before the calends of October). The oldest fresco of a fossor, or rather of two fossors, dating from the latter half of the second century, is in one of the so-called Sacrament Chapel in the catacomb of St. Callistus. The figures are represented pointing toward three Eucharistic scenes, probably to indicate another of their duties, which was to exclude unauthorized persons from taking part in the liturgical celebrations held occasionally in the cemeteries in commemoration of martyrs. Representations of fossors are usually near the entrance of the subterranean cemeteries. For other uses, see Fresco (disambiguation). ...
In Christian belief and practice, a sacrament is a rite that mediates divine grace, constituting a sacred mystery. ...
Pope Saint Callixtus I (also Callistus I) was pope for a period of five years, from about 217 to about 222, during the reigns of the Roman Emperors Elagabalus and Alexander Severus. ...
For other uses, see Eucharist (disambiguation). ...
For other uses, see Martyr (disambiguation). ...
Notable gravediggers - Blues musician James "Sonny Ford" Thomas worked as a gravedigger during his youth in Mississippi.[1]
- Blues musician John Jackson worked as a gravedigger in Fairfax County, Virginia.[2]
- Members of the Pappenheimer Family worked as gravediggers and emptiers of privies, amongst other menial jobs. They were prosecuted and tortured for allegedly committing acts of witchcraft and murder in Bavaria during a period of hysteria over witchcraft. Eventually they were executed by burning.[3]
- British author Sid Smith was briefly employed as a gravedigger.[4]
- Singer Rod Stewart was employed briefly as a gravedigger.
- Former Major League Baseball player Richie Hebner worked as a gravedigger run by his father in the off-season.[5]
- Dave Vanian, then David Letts, worked as a gravedigger before becoming frontman for English punk band, the Damned
- Dick Arnold, a notable southern man with ties to the military, was employed by the State of Missouri for three years as a young man and was referred to as The Digger.
Image File history File links Evstafiev-bosnia-sarajevo-grave-digger-shovels. ...
Image File history File links Evstafiev-bosnia-sarajevo-grave-digger-shovels. ...
Map of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Sarajevo) Coordinates: , Country Bosnia and Herzegovina Entity Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina Canton Sarajevo Canton Government - Mayor Semiha Borovac (SDA) Area [1] - City 141. ...
Performers in the blues style range from primitive, one-chord Delta players to big bands to country music to rock and roll to classical music. ...
This article is about the U.S. state. ...
Fairfax County is a county in Northern Virginia, in the United States. ...
“Witch†redirects here. ...
For other uses, see Bavaria (disambiguation). ...
A witch-hunt is a search for suspected witches; it is a type of moral panic. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
This article does not cite its references or sources. ...
Roderick David Stewart, CBE (born January 10, 1945), is an English singer and songwriter born and raised in London. ...
Richard Joseph Hebner (born November 26, 1947 in Boston, Massachusetts) is a former third baseman in Major League Baseball who had an 18-year career from 1968 to 1985. ...
David Vanian is and has always been the core of the seminal alternative punk band; The Damned. ...
The Damned are an English punk rock and gothic rock band formed in London in 1976. ...
The Digger is a newspaper in Glasgow, Scotland. ...
Gravediggers in literature Because of their association with the subject of death, gravediggers have made notable appearances in literature. Perhaps the most famous of these occurs during Act 5, Scene 1 of Shakespeare's Hamlet, where Hamlet and Horatio engage in dialogue with one of the grave-makers (called "First Clown") as he is digging Ophelia's grave. The First Clown unearths Yorick's skull, prompting Hamlet to deliver the memorable lines: "Alas, poor Yorick! I knew him, Horatio: a fellow of infinite jest, of most excellent fancy".[6] One of Barbara Paul's novels was titled First Gravedigger as an allusion to this scene.[7] In Holland there is the Gravediggers band. They were touring Europa from 1995. The frontman is Chris Garrit. They are one of the top psychobilly rockandroll bands of the years 2000. This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...
Shakespeare redirects here. ...
Hamlet and Horatio in the cemetery by Eugène Delacroix For other uses, see Hamlet (disambiguation). ...
Horatio is Hamlets friend from university in William Shakespeares play. ...
John William Waterhouses painting Ophelia (1894) Ophelia is a fictional character in the play Hamlet by William Shakespeare. ...
Yorick can refer to: Yorick, the deceased court jester whose skull is exhumed by the gravedigger in Act 5, Scene 1, of Shakespeares Hamlet. ...
Barbara Paul is an American writer of detective stories and science fiction. ...
Gravedigging has also been used as a theme in detective and crime fiction. Gravedigger Jones is one of two black detectives featured in the "Harlem cycle" of novels by Chester Himes.[8] His partner in the novels is Coffin Ed Johnson and the pair are often involved in violent confrontations. The timbre of these novels is frequently mordant, and a funeral director is a recurring character. Chester Bomar Himes (July 29, 1909 – November 12, 1984) was a famous African American writer. ...
Gravedigging in Gang Subculture In some urban gang subcultures, the use of "gravedigger" as a colloquial term has arisen. Notably, in New York City gang subculture, a greeting consisting of the shout "gravedigg[ah]" has been used to identify gang leaders.
In Japan In Japan, gravedigging was one of the "unclean" professions historically allotted to the burakumin class. Burakumin (: buraku, community or hamlet + min, people), or hisabetsu buraku ( discriminated communities / discriminated hamlets) are a Japanese social minority group. ...
Sources and references ^ Encyclopædia Britannica Book of the Year article on James "Sonny Ford" Thomas, Online 15 October 2005 The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ...
This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ...
^ "John Jackson." Contemporary Black Biography, Volume 36. Edited by Ashyia Henderson. Gale Group, 2002.
^ "The Pappenheimer Family." World Eras, Vol. 1: European Renaissance and Reformation (1350-1600). Gale Group, 2001.
^ "Sid Smith" Contemporary Authors Online, Gale, 2005. Reproduced in Biography Resource Center.
^ Cliffs Notes summary of Act 5, Scene 1 in Hamlet
^ Barbara Paul's website
^ "Chester Bomar Himes." Encyclopedia of World Biography Supplement, Vol. 22. Gale Group, 2002. Reproduced in Biography Resource Center. Farmington Hills, Mich.: Thomson Gale. 2005
^ Baseball Library entry for Richie Hebner
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