Soldiers of the Great Polish Army

Greater Poland Uprising of 1918–1919 (Polish: powstanie wielkopolskie 1918–19 roku) was a military insurrection of the Polish people in the Greater Poland region (also called the Grand Duchy of Poznań) against the German/Prussian forces. Polish Soliders of Great Polands Army. ... Polish Soliders of Great Polands Army. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Greater Poland (also Great Poland; Polish: Wielkopolska, German: Grosspolen, Latin: Polonia Maior) is one of the historical regions of Poland. ... Grand Duchy of Poznan coat of arms Grand Duchy of Poznań (Polish: Wielkie Księstwo Poznańskie, German: Grossherzogtum Posen) was province of Prussia in the Polish lands commonly known as Great Poland between the years 1815-1918. ...

Background

After the 1795 Third Partition of Poland, Poland ceased to exist as an independent state. From 1795 through the opening of World War I, several unsuccessful (with the exception of the 1806 uprising) uprisings to regain an independent state took place. By the end of World War I, U.S. President Woodrow Wilson's proposition of his Fourteen Points for peace, were likely to meet opposition from the European nations that stood to lose any power or territory. For instance, even though Germany signed an armistice leading to a cease fire on November 11, 1918, many in Germany felt they had not lost the war and felt betrayed by their leadership. From Germany's standpoint, they signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Russia to settle the eastern frontiers. Therefore, from the date the armistice was signed until The Treaty of Versailles was fully ratified in 1920, and subsequent Treaty of Riga, many territorial and soveriegnty issues remained unresolved. The Partitions of Poland (Polish Rozbiór or Rozbiory Polski) happened in the 18th century and ended the existence of a sovereign state of Poland (or more correctly the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth). ... Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28, 1856 – February 3, 1924) was the 28th President of the United States (1913–1921). ... United States President Woodrow Wilson delivered a speech to Congress on January 8, 1918, outlining Fourteen Points for reconstructing a new Europe following World War I. While many of the points were specific, others were more general, including freedom of the seas, abolishing secret treaties, disarmament, restored sovereignty of some... The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was a peace treaty signed on March 3, 1918, at Brest, formerly Brest-Litovsk, between Russia and the Central Powers, marking Russias exit from World War I. The treaty was practically obsolete before the end of the year but is significant as a chief... The areas marked in yellow were removed from the control of Germany, or demiliterised (The Rhineland). ... The Peace of Riga (also known as the Treaty of Riga, Polish: Traktat Ryski) signed on 18th March 1921 between Poland and Soviet Russia ended the Polish-Bolshevik War. ...

Wilson's proposal for an independant Poland did not definitively set the borders of Poland that would be universally accepted. Most of the portion of Poland partitioned by Prussia in the late 18th century was still claimed by Germany at the close of World War I with the rest of the subsequent Post WWI Polish state claimed by the Soviets. (some smaller portions by Austria-Hungary) The portion claimed by Germany included the territory of Greater Poland of which Poznan was a major industrial city. The majority Polish population in this region was uncertain whether they would be repatriated with the proposed new Polish nation. Greater Poland (also Great Poland; Polish: Wielkopolska, German: Grosspolen, Latin: Polonia Maior) is one of the historical regions of Poland. ...

The uprising

The spark that ignited the uprising was uncertain but some references point to the public speech of Ignacy Paderewski, a famous Polish pianist and politician, on 27 December 1918 and subsequent German counter measures. (There is still debate on whether the Polish or German soldiers started open hostilities.) Ignacy Jan Paderewski Ignacy Jan Paderewski (November 6, 1860 – June 29, 1941) was a Polish pianist, composer and politician, the third Prime Minister of Poland. ... December 27 is the 361st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ...

The Poles had begun serious preparations for an uprising since the day of the Kaiser's abdication 9 November 1918 when the Weimar Republic overthrew the previous government of the German Empire in the last days of World War I. Within a few hours of Paderewski's speech, Polish inhabitants of Poznan and other towns started a military uprising against Germany. November 9 is the 313th day of the year (314th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 52 days remaining. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... The period of German history from 1919 to 1933 is known as the Weimar Republic (IPA , German Weimarer Republik). ... The term German Empire commonly refers to Germany, from its foundation as a unified nation-state on January 18, 1871, until the abdication of Emperor Wilhelm II on November 9, 1918. ... World War I was primarily a European conflict with many facets: immense human sacrifice, stalemate trench warfare, and the use of new, devastating weapons - tanks, aircraft, machine guns, and poison gas. ... The Poznan is also a breed of horse. ...

The uprising forces consisted of members of the Polish Military Organization of the Prussian Partition, who started to form the Straż Obywatelska (Citizen's Guard), renamed later to Straż Ludowa (People's Guard) and many volunteers — mainly veterans of the Great War. The ruling body was the Naczelna Rada Ludowa (High People's Council) — at the beginning members of the Council were against the uprising, but supported it a few days later: unofficially 3 January 1919; officially 8 and 9 January 1919 — and the military commanders: Captain Stanisław Taczak (promoted to major, temporary commander 28 December 1918 – 8 January 1919) and later General Józef Dowbór-Muśnicki. Polska Organizacja Wojskowa (POW, Polish for Polish Military Organisation) was a secret military union created by Józef Piłsudski in November of 1914, during the Great War. ... January 3 is the 3rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... January 8 is the 8th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... January 9 is the 9th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Categories: People stubs | 1874 births | 1960 deaths | Polish generals ... December 28 is the 362nd day of the year (363rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 3 days remaining. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... January 8 is the 8th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Categories: Stub | Polish generals | 1867 births | 1937 deaths ...

The timing of the uprising was optimum, since from October of 1918 through the first months of 1919, internal conflict weakened Germany, with soldiers and sailors revolting against the monarchy and its hawkish generals. Demoralized by the defeat in the war, which was made official on November 11th, Germany was embroiled in the German Revolution. Revolutionaries at machine gun posts, Berlin, November 1918 The German Revolution is a series of events that occurred in 1918-1919, culminating in the overthrow of the Kaiser and the establishment of the democratic Weimar Republic. ...

By 15 January 1919, the uprising forces managed to take control of most of the Poznan province engaging in heavy fighting with the regular but demoralized German army and the forces of Grenzschutz, up until the German-Allies ceasefire on 16 February, where the French delegation forced Germany and other countries to recognize Great Poland's Army as Allied Forces. The Poznan high command was subjugated to the Warsaw government on 25 May 1919. The front in Greater Poland was liquidated on 8 March 1920. The fate of the territory of Great Poland was part of the Treaty of Versailles. January 15 is the 15th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... February 16 is the 47th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... May 25 is the 145th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (146th in leap years). ... March 8 poster from Portugal March 8 is the 67th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (68th in Leap years). ... 1920 (MCMXX) is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar) // Events January January 7 - Forces of Russian White admiral Kolchak surrender in Krasnoyarsk. ... The areas marked in yellow were removed from the control of Germany, or demiliterised (The Rhineland). ...

Appraisal

The Greater Poland Uprising is considered to be one of the two most successful Polish uprisings: the second was the Great Poland Uprising of 1806 which was ended by the entry of Napoleon's Army. This is a list of Polish uprisings. ... Greater Poland Uprising of 1806 (Polish: powstanie wielkopolskie 1806 roku) was a military insurection of the Polish people in the Greater Poland region against the occupying Prussian forces after the Partitions of Poland (1772-1793). ... For other uses, see Napoleon (disambiguation). ...

Timeline of uprising

Events before

• January 1916 – creation of Secret Inter-Party Citizen's Committee (pl. Tajny Międzypartyjny Komitet Obywatelski) formed by members of Reichstag of Polish nationality.
• July 1918 – network of local Citizens' Committees is created on area of Prussian Partition.
• 11 October 1918 – Polish organizations in German Reich publicize common document in which they declare will to create independent Polish state.
• 9 November 1918 – beginning of German Revolution, also in Great Poland. Poles are organising secret military structures in Poznań garrison, Jarocin and Inowrocław. Continuation of storing weapons and ammunition stolen from army's magazines.
• 10 November 1918 – events of so-called Republika Ostrowska.
• 11 November 1918
  • capitulation of Germany, end of World War I.
  • Citizens' Guard (Straż Obywatelska), renamed a few days later to People's Guard (Straż Ludowa) comes out of underground. Mayor of Poznań Ernst Wilms is removed from office. German military authorities give permission for functioning of People's Guard to keep peace in Province of Posen.
• 12 November 1918
  • Central Citizen's Committee, later renamed to High People's Council (Naczelna Rada Ludowa, NRL), creates temporary "government-in-waiting" – Commission (Komisariat): Stanisław Adamski, Wojciech Korfanty and Adam Poszwiński.
  • Jarogniew Drwęski becomes Mayor of Poznań.
• 13 November 1918
  • Commission of High People's Council calls citizens of Prussian Partition to keep calm in spite of revolution.
  • "Assassination on City Hall" – When dominated by Germans Execution Department of Worker's and Soldier's Council proceeded in Poznań's City Hall, an armed group of Poles forces them to change four of German Delegates and replace them with Poles: Bohdan Hulewicz, Mieczysław Paluch, Henryk Śniegocki and Zygmunt Wiza. Due to this event, Poles get control over Headquarters of Poznań Garrison and 5th Corps.
• 17 November 1918 – Commission of NRL calls to one-time collection of money called "national tax".
• 18 November 1918 – elections to Poviat's People's Councils and members of Partition's Sejm (1399 MPs).
• 20 November 1918 – in exposé of Polish government in Warsaw: przyłączenie Wielkopolski będzie jednym z pierwszych naszych zadań (joining of Great Poland will be one of our first tasks).
• December 1918 – forcing of creation of underground army by Poles.
• 3 December 1918 – beginning of proceeding of Partition Sejm in Poznań, in building of "Apollo" Cinema. MPs were representing all lands of Prussian Partition and Polish economic emigration, mainly from Westfalen.
• 5 December 1918 – end of Partition Sejm, which declared will of unification with other Partitions in re-born Poland and legalised NRL officially electing its members.
• 6 December 1918 – first meeting of NRL elected. Bolesław Krysiewicz becomes a Speaker. Election of executing body – Commission of NRL formed by representatives of: Great Poland - Stanisław Adamski and Władysław Seyda; Upper Silesia – Wojciech Korfanty and Józef Rymer; Eastern Pommerania – Stefan Łaszewski; Cuiavia – Adam Poszwiński. For better work subcommissions were established in Bytom and Gdańsk.
• 11 December 1918 – Polish language and teaching of religion in Polish returns to schools.
• 15 December 1918 – Polish government in Warsaw breaks diplomatic relations with Germany.
• 26 December 1918 – Ignacy Paderewski arrives at Poznań. German authorities were against this visit but a unit of the People's Guard stopped a German officers' delegation that carried order of living Poznań.

1916 (MCMXVI) is a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar) // Events January-February January 1 -The first successful blood transfusion using blood that had been stored and cooled. ... Polish (jÄ™zyk polski, polszczyzna) is the official language of Poland. ... The Reichstag is both an institutional assembly and a specific building. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... October 11 is the 284th day of the year (285th in leap years). ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... November 9 is the 313th day of the year (314th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 52 days remaining. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... Revolutionaries at machine gun posts, Berlin, November 1918 The German Revolution is a series of events that occurred in 1918-1919, culminating in the overthrow of the Kaiser and the establishment of the democratic Weimar Republic. ... Greater Poland (also Great Poland; Polish: Wielkopolska, German: Grosspolen, Latin: Polonia Maior) is one of the historical regions of Poland. ... The Poznan is also a breed of horse. ... Jarocin is a town in central Poland with 25,700 inhabitants (1995). ... InowrocÅ‚aw is a town in northern Poland. ... November 10 is the 314th day of the year (315th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 51 days remaining. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... November 11 is the 315th day of the year (316th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 50 days remaining. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... World War I was primarily a European conflict with many facets: immense human sacrifice, stalemate trench warfare, and the use of new, devastating weapons - tanks, aircraft, machine guns, and poison gas. ... The Poznan is also a breed of horse. ... The Province of Posen (German: Provinz Posen, Polish: Prowincja Poznańska) was a province of Prussia ( 1846- 1918). ... November 12 is the 316th day of the year (317th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 49 days remaining. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... StanisÅ‚aw Adamski (1875-1967) was a Polish priest, social and political activist of the Union of Catholic Societies of Polish Workers (ZwiÄ…zek Katolickich Towarzystw Robotników Polskich), founder and editor of the Robotnik (Worker) weekly. ... Wojciech Korfaty in 1905 Wojciech Korfanty (1873-1939) was a Polish nationalist and activist, known for his irredentist policies after World War I. He was opposed to the policy of Germanisation in Upper Silesia before the war, and was one of the chief advocates of returning Upper Silesia to Poland... November 13 is the 317th day of the year (318th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 48 days remaining. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... 17 November is also the name of a Marxist group in Greece. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... November 18 is the 322nd day of the year (323rd in leap years), with 43 remaining. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... This article is about the lower chamber of Polish parliament. ... November 20 is the 324th day of the year (325th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... Warsaw (Polish Warszawa, (?), in full The Capital City of Warsaw, Polish: Miasto StoÅ‚eczne Warszawa) is the capital of Poland and its largest city. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... December 3 is the 337th (in leap years the 338th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... Westphalia (in German, Westfalen) is a (historic) region in Germany, centred on the cities of Dortmund, Münster, Bielefeld, and Osnabrück and now included in the Bundesland of North Rhine-Westphalia (and the (south-)west of Lower Saxony). ... December 5 is the 339th day (340th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... December 6 is the 340th day (341st on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... Greater Poland (also Great Poland; Polish: Wielkopolska, German: Grosspolen, Latin: Polonia Maior) is one of the historical regions of Poland. ... StanisÅ‚aw Adamski (1875-1967) was a Polish priest, social and political activist of the Union of Catholic Societies of Polish Workers (ZwiÄ…zek Katolickich Towarzystw Robotników Polskich), founder and editor of the Robotnik (Worker) weekly. ... Upper Silesia (Polish: Górny ÅšlÄ…sk, German: Oberschlesien, Czech: Horní Slezsko) is the south-eastern part of Silesia, a historical and geographical region of Poland (Opole Voivodship and Silesian Voivodship) and of the Czech Republic (Silesian-Moravian Region). ... Wojciech Korfaty in 1905 Wojciech Korfanty (1873-1939) was a Polish nationalist and activist, known for his irredentist policies after World War I. He was opposed to the policy of Germanisation in Upper Silesia before the war, and was one of the chief advocates of returning Upper Silesia to Poland... Eastern Pomerania (also Pomerelia, East Pomerania, GdaÅ„sk Pomerania, Vistula Pomerania) is a geographical and historical region in the east of Pomerania in northern Poland. ... ... Motto: none Voivodship Silesian Municipal government Rada Miasta Bytom Mayor Krzysztof Wójcik Area 69,3 km² Population  - city  - urban  - density 198 000 - 2856/km² Founded City rights - 1254 Latitude Longitude 50°23 N 18°54 E Area code +48 32 Car plates SY Twin towns - Municipal Website Bytom (pronounce... Motto: Nec temere, nec timide (Neither rashly nor timidly) Voivodship Pomeranian Municipal government Rada miasta GdaÅ„ska Mayor PaweÅ‚ Adamowicz Area 262 km² Population  - city  - urban  - density 460 524 (2004) - Ranked 6th 1,100,000 (Tricity) 1761/km² Founded City rights 997 1263 Latitude Longitude 54°40N 18°60... December 11 is the 345th day (346th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... Polish (jÄ™zyk polski, polszczyzna) is the official language of Poland. ... December 15 is the 349th day of the year (350th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... December 26 is the 360th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, 361st in leap years. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... Ignacy Jan Paderewski Ignacy Jan Paderewski (November 6, 1860 – June 29, 1941) was a Polish pianist, composer and politician, the third Prime Minister of Poland. ...

Uprising

A detail of monument of Polish soliders that fought in the uprising

• 27 December 1918 – in evening, uprising starts from shooting in front of Poznań's Police Headquarters, which was opposite the "Arkadia" Theater (Franciszek Ratajczak is killed) and Hotel "Bazar". Fights also start in other towns. Jan Mertka dies under Boczków (both victims are mentioned in bulletin of NRL). Szamotuły, Środa Wielkopolska, Pniewy, Opalenica, Buk, Trzemeszno, Września and Gniezno are liberated. Poles in Poznań capture main train station, Main Post Office and part of city fortifications.
• 28 December 1918
  • Poles in Poznań capture Cytadela (fort Winiary, main stronghold), fort Grolmann and armory on Wielkie Garbary Str. (today Garbary Str.)
  • Commission of NRL promotes Captain Stanisław Taczak to temporary commander-in-chief of uprising (he is also promoted to rank of major).
• 29 December 1918 – Poles capture Grodzisk Wielkopolski, Kłecko, Kórnik, Wielichowo, Gostyń, Witkowo and others.
• 30 December 1918
  • Failure of peace talks with Germans, who refuse to take responsibility for causing fights on 27 December.
  • In Poznań Poles force 6th Regiment of Grenadiers from their barracks. After talks, Regiment leaves City with weapons.
  • Liberation of Wronki, Wągrowiec, Gołańcza. Polish soldiers stop German offensive against Gniezno near Zdziechowa.
• 31 December 1918
  • Liberation of Kościan, Oborniki Wielkopolskie, Ostrów Wielkopolski.
  • Unit of Poles under command of Paweł Cymes begins offensive on Cuiavia.
• 1 January 1919
  • Paderewski leaves Poznań.
  • Liberation of Jarocin, Krotoszyn and Mogilno.
• 3 January 1919 – to avoid anarchy in Great Poland, Committee of NRL decides to take over control of spontanic uprising, but also decides that this decision should be kept in secret.
• 4 January 1919 – Commission of NRL decrees new President of Province of Posen, Wojciech Trąmpczyński. German authorities call to boycott new President.
• 5 January 1919 – Czarnków, Jutrosin, Kruszwica, Nakło, Nowy Tomyśl, Miejska Górka, Rawicz, Strzelno and Wolsztyn are captured by Poles.
• 6 January 1919
  • Poles capture Ławica Airport in Poznań with all undamaged aircraft.
  • Fights near Czersk and Kościerzyna in Pommerania.
• 7 January 1919
  • Poles divide captured lands into seven Military Districts (Okręg Wojskowy).
  • Germans recapture Chodzież and Czarnków.
• 8 January 1919
  • Commission of NRL takes all civil and military authority without giving territorial range of this power. Also promotes General Józef Dowbor-Muśnicki to commander-in-chief of uprising forces.
  • Poles recapture Chodzież (Battle of Chodzież) and Czarnków. They also win Battle of Ślesin and capture Sieraków.
• 9 January 1919
  • NRL officially announces taking control over Great Poland. Beginning of polonisation of administration, most anti-polish officials are fired. In Poviats German landrats are subordinated to Polish starostas, which in future takes all their power.
  • Poles lose Nakło.
• 10 January 1919 – fights on southern front near Kąkolewo, Leszno and Rydzyna. Poles capture Sarnowa.
• 11 January 1919 – Germans recapture Sarnowa and win in Battle of Zbąszyń; Polish victory in Battle of Szubin and they capture Łabiszyn, Złotniki and Żnin.
• 12 January 1919 – fights near Leszno and Lipno.
• 13 January 1919 – Germans recapture Szamocin.
• 14 January 1919 – Commission of NRL appeals to Roman Dmowski for help on negotiation of ceasefire.
• 15 January 1919 – failed try to recapture Szamocin by Poles.
• 16 January 1919
  • First number of Tygodnik Urzędowy Naczelnej Rady Ludowej with laws of NRL is published.
  • In central Polish government of Ignacy Paderewski are two politicians of Great Poland: Józef Englich - minister of treasury and Kazimierz Hącia - minister of industry and trade.
• 17 January 1919 – Men born in years 1897, 1898 and 1899 are mobilised to Great Polish Army.
• 20 January 1919 – transfer of Money to banks of Reich on other side of front line is forbidden.
• 21 January 1919
  • NRL writes oath of Soldiers of Great Polish Army.
  • Evidence of false information about Polish attacks on German civilians published by authorities in Berlin with evidence of behavior like that of German side are sent to Paris. Contemporaneously, NRL appeals to Allies asking for a military mission, suggesting the possibility of the Great Polish Army fighting against Bolsheviks. Many publications about situation in Great Poland appear in Western newspapers.
• 22 January 1919
  • On northern front, Poles are forced to leave Potulice.
  • On southern front, Poles win Battle of Robaczysko.
  • Joseph Noules is nominated by Highest Council of Allied Countries as chief of Allied mission in Poland.
• 23 January 1919 – Poles defend Miejska Górka after heavy fights.
• 25 January 1919
  • Poles capture Babimost and Kargowa.
  • All communication between Great Poland and Reich is broken.
  • Decree that canceled of all Prussian forbiddens against Polish language in schools.
• 26 January 1919 – Soldiers of Great Polish Army with commander Gen. J. Dowbór-Muśnicki give oath on Wilhelm Platz, renamed on Plac Wolności (Freedom Square) in Poznań.
• 28 January 1919 – German offensive in area of Bydgoszcz and Nakło. Battle of Rynarzewo. Germans capture Szubin.
• 29 January 1919 – Roman Dmowski gives speech in front of Highest Council of Allied Countries in which he asserts Polish rights to the Prussian Partition, and accusing Germans of two-faced policies.
• 2 February 1919 – beginning of Polish-German talks in Berlin.
• 3 February 1919 – Poles stop German offensive on northern front. Their counterattack throws Germans on northern bank of Noteć. Poles recapture Rynarzewo and win Battle of Kcynia.
• 4 February 1919
  • Poles recapture Szubin; heavy fights on southern front near Rawicz.
  • Beginning of talks between Polish government in Warsaw with Commission of NRL about representation of Great Poland in Sejm Ustawodawczy.
• 5 February 1919 – Failure of talks in Berlin. German conditions were: demobilisation of Great Polish Army, recognition by Poland of German claims to Great Poland and payment by Polish side for all damage made during uprising. In spite of this, Entente still remarks that both sides are ready for peace talks.
• 6 February 1919 – end of talks about representation of Prussian Partition in Sejm Ustawodawczy. With regard to fact that Great Poland, Cuiavia, Silesia and Pommerania are still officially part of Reich, to avoid international repercussions, Polish government and NRL decide to resign from planned election of 126 MPs, giving temporary right of representation of Prussian Partition to 16 MPs of Reichstag.
• 7 February 1919
  • Heavy fights in Kolno, which was captured many times by both sides.
  • Commission of NRL promotes 122 former NCOs of German Army to rank of Second Lieutenant.
  • Chief of state Józef Piłsudski signs decree officially allowing to 16 MPs from Prussian Partition to participate in Sejm Ustawodawczy.
• 9 February 1919 – Poles stop German offensive near Trzciel.
• 10 February 1919 – Poles stop German attack near Rawicz.
• 11 February 1919 – Commission of NRL dissolves all town councils, giving 25 March as term of elections of new self-governments.
• 12 February 1919 – Germans use armoured train to capture Kargowa and Babimost, but their offensive is stopped near Kopanica.
• 14 February 1919
  • Beginning of talks about prolongation of ceasefire after WWI. German delegation is against extending it for Great Poland, but France forces them to allow this condition.
  • Germans' Main Headquarters is moved to Kołobrzeg as a part of preparation for using all forces against Great Poland.
• 16 February 1919 – prolongation of Allied-German ceasefire in Trewir is signed, which also referred to front in Great Poland. Contemporary Great Polish Army is recognized as Allied Forces.

ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (960x1280, 554 KB) Fragmnet pomnika powstaÅ„ców wielkopolskich 1918-1919 w Poznaniu Detail of monument of Polish soliders of Great Poland Uprising 1918-1919 in PoznaÅ„ photo by Radomil talk, 27 August 2005 File links The following pages link to... ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (960x1280, 554 KB) Fragmnet pomnika powstaÅ„ców wielkopolskich 1918-1919 w Poznaniu Detail of monument of Polish soliders of Great Poland Uprising 1918-1919 in PoznaÅ„ photo by Radomil talk, 27 August 2005 File links The following pages link to... December 27 is the 361st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... Åšroda Wielkopolska is a town in central Poland with 21,400 inhabitants (1995). ... Buk is a town in central Poland, situated in the Greater Poland Voivodship (since 1999), previously in Poznan Voivodship (1975-1998). ... Trzemeszno (former German name: Tresmessen) is a town in Poland belonging to the group of the oldest settlements in the region. ... WrzeÅ›nia is a town in central Poland with 28,600 inhabitants (1995). ... Motto: none Voivodship Greater Poland Municipal government Mayor Jaromir Dziel Area 40,9 km² Population  - city  - urban  - density 71 040 none 1737/km² Founded City rights 8th century 1239 Latitude Longitude 52°32 N 17°36 E Area code +48 61 Car plates PGN Twin towns Anagni, Esztergom, Falkenberg, Saint... December 28 is the 362nd day of the year (363rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 3 days remaining. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... StanisÅ‚aw Taczak StanisÅ‚aw Taczak (b. ... December 29 is the 363rd day of the year (364th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 2 days remaining. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... Grodzisk Wielkopolski is a town in central Poland, situated in the Greater Poland Voivodship (since 1999), previously in Poznan Voivodship (1975-1998). ... GostyÅ„ is a town in Greater Poland Voivodship (from 1975 to 1998 in Leszno Voivodship), in GostyÅ„ County. ... December 30 is the 364th day of the year (365th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 1 day remaining. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... Wronki is a town in western-central Poland, situated in the Greater Poland Voivodship (since 1999), previously in Pila Voivodship (1975-1998). ... WÄ…growiec is a town in northwestern Poland, 50 km from both PoznaÅ„ and Bydgoszcz. ... December 31 is the 365th day of the year (366th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... KoÅ›cian is a town on Obra canal in central Poland with 24,600 inhabitants (1995). ... Ostrów Wielkopolski (often abbreviated , formerly called only Ostrów or Ostrowo, Latin: Ostrovia) is a town in central Poland with 73100 inhabitants (2005). ... ... January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Jarocin is a town in central Poland with 25,700 inhabitants (1995). ... Krotoszyn(German Krotoschin) is a town in central Poland with 28,900 inhabitants as of 1995. ... Mogilno is a town in central Poland, situated in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodship (since 1999), previously in Bydgoszcz Voivodship (1975-1998). ... January 3 is the 3rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... January 4 is the 4th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Wojciech TrÄ…mpczyÅ„ski Wojciech TrÄ…mpczyÅ„ski (b. ... January 5 is the 5th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Czarnków is a town in Poland. ... Kruszwica is a town in central Poland. ... NakÅ‚o nad NoteciÄ… is a town in northern Poland on the Noteć river with 20,100 inhabitants (1995). ... Rawicz is a town in central Poland with 21,500 inhabitants (1995). ... Wolsztyn is a town in central Poland, situated in the Greater Poland Voivodship (since 1999), previously in Poznan Voivodship (1975-1998). ... January 6 is the 6th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... PoznaÅ„-Ławica Airport built in 1913 is one of the oldest airports in Poland. ... Czersk (51° 57′0″N, 21° 13′60″E) is a village in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodship, Poland. ... KoÅ›cierzyna (Kashubian/Pomeranian: Kòscérzëna) is a town in Kashubia or Eastern Pomerania region, north-western Poland, with some 24,000 inhabitants. ... Pomerania (Polish: Pomorze, German: Pommern and Pommerellen, Pomeranian (Kashubian): Pòmòrze and Pòmòrskô, Latin: Pomerania, Pomorania) is a geographical and historical region in northern Poland and Germany on the south coasts of the Baltic Sea between and on both sides of the Vistula and Oder (Odra) rivers, reaching the Reknitz river... January 7 is the seventh day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Chodzież is a town in north-western Poland with 20,400 inhabitants (1995). ... Czarnków is a town in Poland. ... January 8 is the 8th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Józef Dowbor-MuÅ›nicki Józef Dowbor-MuÅ›nicki (sometimes also Dowbór-MuÅ›nicki, 25 October 1867-26 October 1937) was first a tsarist Lieutenant-General, who served in Manchuria in 1904/05. ... Sieraków (English: Sierakow German: Zirke) is a town in western Poland with 6022 inhabitants (1998). ... January 9 is the 9th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Germans execute Poles against a prison wall, Leszno, Poland, October 1939. ... The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (or The Republic of the Two Nations, Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów in Polish; Belarusian: Рэч Паспалі́тая) was a federal monarchy-republic formed by the Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania, between 1569 and 1795. ... NakÅ‚o nad NoteciÄ… is a town in northern Poland on the Noteć river with 20,100 inhabitants (1995). ... January 10 is the 10th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Coat of Arms of Leszno Leszno (pronunciation) is a town in central Poland with 63,300 inhabitants (2001). ... Rydzyna Coat of Arms Rydzyna is a Polish town that was the seat of king Stanislaw Leszczynski during LeszczyÅ„skis first short reign from 1704-1709. ... January 11 is the 11th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Łabiszyn is a small Polish town on the Noteć near Å»nin. ... Å»nin is a town approximately 30 km southwest of Bydgoszcz in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodship in Poland. ... January 12 is the 12th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... January 13 is the 13th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... January 14 is the 14th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Roman Dmowski Roman Dmowski (b. ... January 15 is the 15th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... January 16 is the 16th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Ignacy Jan Paderewski Ignacy Jan Paderewski (November 6, 1860 – June 29, 1941) was a Polish pianist, composer and politician, the third Prime Minister of Poland. ... January 17 is the 17th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1897 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1898 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... 1899 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... January 20 is the 20th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... January 21 is the 21st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... The Eiffel Tower has become a symbol of Paris throughout the world. ... Leaders of the Bolshevik Party and the Communist International, a painting by Malcolm McAllister on the Pathfinder Mural in New York City and on the cover of the book Lenin’s Final Fight published by Pathfinder. ... January 22 is the 22nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... January 23 is the 23rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... January 25 is the 25th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Babimost is a small town in Poland in the Lubusz Voivodship, Zielona Gora County. ... January 26 is the 26th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... January 28 is the 28th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Bydgoszcz (in Polish pronounce: [:bidgɔʃʧ], German: Bromberg, Latin: Bydgostia) is a city in northern Poland, on Brda and Vistula rivers, with a population of 369,151 (2004). ... NakÅ‚o nad NoteciÄ… is a town in northern Poland on the Noteć river with 20,100 inhabitants (1995). ... January 29 is the 29th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... February 2 is the 33rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... February 3 is the 34th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... February 4 is the 35th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Rawicz is a town in central Poland with 21,500 inhabitants (1995). ... This article is about the lower chamber of Polish parliament. ... February 5 is the 36th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Entente, meaning a diplomatic understanding, may refer to a number of agreements: The Entente Cordiale, 1904 between France and the United Kingdom. ... February 6 is the 37th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... February 7 is the 38th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Kolno is a town in northeastern Poland. ... NCO may mean: a numerically-controlled oscillator in electronics a non-commissioned officer in the military   This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Second Lieutenant is the lowest commissioned rank in many armed forces. ... Office Chief of State Term of office from November 14, 1918 until December 9, 1922 Profession Statesman and military commander Political party none, see Sanacja for details Spouse Maria PiÅ‚sudska Date of birth December 5, 1867 Place of birth Zułów, in todays Lithuania Date of death May... February 9 is the 40th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... February 10 is the 41st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Rawicz is a town in central Poland with 21,500 inhabitants (1995). ... February 11 is the 42nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... March 25 is the 84th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (85th in leap years). ... February 12 is the 43rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... A mock-up of an armoured train Hurban located in Zvolen, Slovakia An armoured train is a train protected with armour. ... February 14 is the 45th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... KoÅ‚obrzeg (pronounce: [kÉ”wÉ”bʒεg] â–¶(?), Kashubian/Pomeranian: Kòłobrzeg, German: Kolberg) is a city in Middle Pomerania in north-western Poland with some 50,000 inhabitants (2000). ... February 16 is the 47th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...

Between ceasefire and reunification

• 18 February 1919 – In spite of ceasefire, there are fights near Rynarzewo. Poles capture armoured train.
• 9 February 1919 – Volunteer company of Great Polish soldiers moves to Lesser Poland to fight against Ukrainians.
• 20 March 1919 – Östmarkenzulage – special addition for German officials working in eastern provinces, which had to stimulate German colonization of Prussian Partition, is canceled.
• 23 March 1919 – Poles win vast majority in election to City Council of Poznań.
• 24 March 1919 – Commission of NRL ask Polish Government in Warsaw to create separate administration of ex-Prussian Partition, as it is much better developed than rest of the country. Ignacy Paderewski forces government to leave all power in hands of NRL in those lands till final recognition of Polish-German border, and in future creation of autonomy of those lands (after all only Upper Silesia received it). NRL mobilises men born in 1891, 1892, 1893, 1894 and 1901.
• 5 April 1919 – Sejm Ustawodawczy announces by-elections in ex-Province of Posen for next 42 MPs.
• 9 April 1919 – Commission of NRL decrees 8-hour work-day in industry and trade.
• 10 April 1919 – Commission of NRL decrees removing all signs in German language from offices and train stations, and changes all streets names into Polish. Punishment for breaking this law was 2 years of prison and 10 000 Polish marks.
• 16 April 1919 – NRL decides that 3 May will be national holiday.
• 7 May 1919 – Wszechnica Piastowska is opened.
• 15 May 1919 – Polish language becomes only official language. German language is only auxiliary, contemporary lack of Polish officials German is still used in judiciary till 1920.
• 25 May 1919 – Army of Great Poland is subjugated to Headquarters of Polish Army, but keeps its separate organisation.
• 30 May 1919 – People's Guard is transformed to Home Defence (Obrona Krajowa).
• 1 June 1919 – by-elections of MPs to Sejm Ustawodawczy.
• 6 June 1919
  • minor fights near Bydgoszcz.
  • Rising threat of German offensive induces Commission of NRL to introduce state of emergency in all lands under its jurisdiction, and in belt of 20 km from front line martial law. A few days later, NRL announces penalty of death for acting against Great Polish Army or in interest of German Army.
• 18 June 1919 – minor fights near Rynarzewo.
• 28 June 1919 – Treaty of Versailles gives almost all of Great Poland to Poland.
• 1 July 1919
  • Commission of NRL raises border duty border with ex-Kingdom of Poland.
  • artillery fire on front.
• 9 July 1919 – outside of 20 km belt near front, state of emergency is canceled.
• 10 July 1919 – preceedings of Polish Government with whole Commission of NRL about further policy in Former Prussian Partition (Były Zabór Pruski). There was taken decision about creation of Ministry of Former Prussian Partition (Ministerstwo Byłej Dzielnicy Pruskiej).
• 1 August 1919 – Sejm Ustawodawczy votes resolution about "Temporary organisation of government in former Prussian Partition" (O tymczasowej organizacji zarządu byłej dzielnicy pruskiej), creating Ministry of Former Prussian Partition and plan of gradual unification of Great Poland with rest of country.
• 12 August 1919 – Władysław Seyda becomes first Minister of Former Prussian Partition.
• 19 August 1919 – NRL is dissolved.
• 28 August 1919 – Headquarters of Polish Army gives daily order No. 216 in which Great Polish Army is swiched in structures of Polish Army, and its Headquarters is transformed to Headquarters of 7th Corps.
• 6 November 1919 – Commission of NRL is dissolved.
• 10 January 1920 – ratification of Treaty of Versailles, according to which Polish forces in Great Poland should take control over small pieces of Great Poland's territories given to Poland that are resisting under German control and Eastern Pommerania.
• 13 January 1920 – Headquarters of Great Poland front gives order to preparation for realise Treaty of Versailles.
• 17 January 1920 – beginning of taking of control over lands given to Poland.
• 8 March 1920 – liquidation of front in Great Poland.

February 18 is the 49th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... February 9 is the 40th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Lesser Poland voivodship since 1999 Little Poland or Lesser Poland (Polish Małopolska, Latin: Polonia Minor) is one of the historical regions of Poland. ... March 20 is the 79th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (80th in Leap years). ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... March 23 is the 82nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (83rd in Leap years). ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1989 - Exxon Valdez oil spill: In Alaskas Prince William Sound the Exxon Valdez spills 240,000 barrels (42,000 m³) of petroleum after running aground. ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Upper Silesia (Polish: Górny ÅšlÄ…sk, German: Oberschlesien, Czech: Horní Slezsko) is the south-eastern part of Silesia, a historical and geographical region of Poland (Opole Voivodship and Silesian Voivodship) and of the Czech Republic (Silesian-Moravian Region). ... 1891 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1892 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1893 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1894 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1901 (MCMI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... April 5 is the 95th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (96th in leap years). ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... April 9 is the 99th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (100th in leap years). ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... April 10 is the 100th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (101st in leap years). ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... The Polish Mark (Marka polska, abbreviated mp) was the currency of the Regency Kingdom of Poland (1916-1918) during the years of its existence and of the Second Polish Republic between 1918 and 1924. ... April 16 is the 106th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (107th in leap years). ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... May 3 is the 123rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (124th in leap years). ... May 7 is the 127th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (128th in leap years). ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... The University of PoznaÅ„ (Polish: Uniwersytet im. ... May 15 is the 135th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (136th in leap years). ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... The judiciary, also referred to as the judicature, consists of the system of courts of law for the administration of justice and to its principals, the justices, judges and magistrates among other types of adjudicators. ... 1920 (MCMXX) is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar) // Events January January 7 - Forces of Russian White admiral Kolchak surrender in Krasnoyarsk. ... May 25 is the 145th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (146th in leap years). ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... May 30 is the 150th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (151st in leap years). ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... June 1 is the 152nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (153rd in leap years), with 213 days remaining. ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... June 6 is the 157th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (158th in leap years), with 208 days remaining. ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Martial law is the system of rules that takes effect (usually after a formal declaration) when a military authority takes control of the normal administration of justice. ... June 18 is the 169th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (170th in leap years), with 196 days remaining. ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... (Some entries on this page have been duplicated on August 1. ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... The areas marked in yellow were removed from the control of Germany, or demiliterised (The Rhineland). ... July 1 is the 182nd day of the year (183rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 183 days remaining. ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... The Kingdom of Poland (generally called Regency Kingdom of Poland, Królestwo Regencyjne) was the state proclaimed by the Act of November 5 issued by Imperial Germany and Austria-Hungary. ... July 9 is the 190th day of the year (191st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 175 days remaining. ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... July 10 is the 191st day (192nd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 174 days remaining. ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... August 1 is the 213th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (214th in leap years), with 152 days remaining. ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... August 12 is the 224th day of the year (225th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... August 19 is the 231st day of the year (232nd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... August 28 is the 240th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (241st in leap years), with 125 days remaining. ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Polish Army (Polish Wojsko Polskie) is the name applied to the military forces of Poland. ... November 6 is the 310th day of the year (311th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 55 days remaining. ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... January 10 is the 10th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1920 (MCMXX) is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar) // Events January January 7 - Forces of Russian White admiral Kolchak surrender in Krasnoyarsk. ... The areas marked in yellow were removed from the control of Germany, or demiliterised (The Rhineland). ... Eastern Pomerania (also Pomerelia, East Pomerania, GdaÅ„sk Pomerania, Vistula Pomerania) is a geographical and historical region in the east of Pomerania in northern Poland. ... January 13 is the 13th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1920 (MCMXX) is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar) // Events January January 7 - Forces of Russian White admiral Kolchak surrender in Krasnoyarsk. ... January 17 is the 17th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1920 (MCMXX) is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar) // Events January January 7 - Forces of Russian White admiral Kolchak surrender in Krasnoyarsk. ... March 8 poster from Portugal March 8 is the 67th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (68th in Leap years). ... 1920 (MCMXX) is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar) // Events January January 7 - Forces of Russian White admiral Kolchak surrender in Krasnoyarsk. ...

Epilogue

• 24 March 2005 – last Polish fighter of uprising, Lieutenant Jan Rzepa, dies at age 106.

1989 - Exxon Valdez oil spill: In Alaskas Prince William Sound the Exxon Valdez spills 240,000 barrels (42,000 m³) of petroleum after running aground. ... 2005 (MMV) is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

References

• Antoni Czubiński, Powstanie Wielkopolskie 1918–1919. Geneza-charakter-znaczenie, Poznań 1978
• Antoni Czubiński, Rola Powstania Wielkopolskiego w walce narodu polskiego o powstrzymanie niemieckiego >parcia na wschód<, Przegląd Zachodni 1968, nr 5-6
• A.Czubiński, Z.Grot, B.Miśkiiewcz, Powstanie Wielkopolskie 1918–1919. Zarys dziejów, Warszawa 1978
• K.Dembski, Wielkopolska w początkach II Rzeczypospolitej. Zagadnienia prawno-ustrojowe, Poznań 1972
• Roman Dmowski, Polityka polska i odbudowanie państwa 1925
• Z.Grot (ed.), Powstanie wielkopolskie 1918–1919, Poznań 1968
• Z.Grot, I.Pawłowski, M.Pirko, Wielkopolska w walce o niepodległość 1918–1919. Wojskowe i polityczne aspekty Powstania Wielkopolskiego, Warszawa 1968
• P.Hauser, Niemcy wobec sprawy polskiej X 1918–VI 1919, Poznań 1984
• K.Kandziora, Działalność POW w Poznaniu. Przyczynek do historii Polskiej Organizacji Wojskowej zaboru pruskiego w latach 1918–1919, Warszawa 1939
• S.Kubiak, Niemcy w Wielkopolska 1918–1919, Poznań 1969
• Materiały Sesji Naukowej z okazji 50-lecia Powstania Wielkopolskiego 1918/1919, Zaszyty Naukowe UAM 1970, Historia t.10
• Witold Mazurczak, Anglicy i wybuch powstania wielkopolskiego. Z dziejów genezy brytyjskiej misji płka H.H.Wade'a w Polsce, [in:] Antoni Czubiński (ed.), Polacy i Niemcy. Dziesięć wieków sąsiedztwa, PWN, Warszawa 1987
• Janusz Pajewski, Rodział XXII. Powstanie Wielkopolskie, [in:] J.Pajewski, Odbudowa państwa polskiego 1914–1918, Warszawa 1985,
• Janusz Pajewski, Znaczenia Powstania Wielkopolskiego dla odbudowy Państwa Polskiego w 1918 r., Zeszyty Naukowe UAM, Historia 1970, t.10
• S.Rybka, Zerwane pęta. Wspomnienia z dni rewolucji niemieckiej i powstania polskiego 1918-1919, Poznań 1919
• A.Rzepecki, Powstanie grudniowe w Wielkopolsce. 27 XII 1918, Poznań 1919
• Z.Wieliczka, Wielkopolska w Prusy w dobie powstania 1918/1919, Poznań 1932
• Z.Wroniak, Paderewski w Poznaniu, Kronika Miasta Poznania 1959, nr 4
• H.Zieliński, Rola powstania wielkopolskiego oraz powstań śląskich w walce o zjednoczenie ziem zachodnich z Polską; (1918-1921), [in:] Droga przez Półwiecze.

Antoni Czubiński (b. ... Antoni CzubiÅ„ski (b. ... Roman Dmowski Roman Dmowski (b. ...

The Greater Poland Uprisings

• Greater Poland Uprising 1794, to help the Kościuszko Uprising
• Greater Poland Uprising 1806, to help Napoleon I to liberate Poland and create the Duchy of Warsaw
• Greater Poland Uprising 1846, part of the all-Polish 3-partition uprising
• Greater Poland Uprising 1848, part of the Spring of Nations
• Greater Poland Uprising (1918–1919), Poland regains independence after World War I