View of the GRIP site

The Greenland Ice Core Project (GRIP) was a multinational European research project, organised through the European Science Foundation. Funding came from 8 nations (Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Iceland, Italy, Switzerland, and United Kingdom), and from the European Union. GRIP successfully drilled a 3028 metre ice core to the bed of the Greenland ice sheet at Summit, Central Greenland from 1989 to 1992 at 72o 35' N, 37o 38' W. Europe forms the westernmost part of Eurasia. ... The European Science Foundation is an organisation intended to promote scientific research in Europe through conferences, communication and the funding of research programmes. ... Ice Core sample taken from drill. ... An ice sheet is a mass of glacier ice that covers surrounding terrain and is greater than 50,000 km² (19,305 mile²). The only current ice sheets are Antarctic and Greenland; during the last ice age at Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) the Laurentide ice sheet covered much of Canada... 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ...

A portion of the core

Studies of isotopes and various atmospheric constituents in the core have revealed a detailed record of climatic variations reaching more than 100,000 years back in time. The results indicate that Holocene climate has been remarkably stable and have confirmed the occurrence of rapid climatic variation during the last ice age (the Wisconsin). Delta-O-18 variations observed in the core part believed to date from the Eemian interglacial have not been confirmed by other records [1] including the NGRIP core (see ice core)] and are now believed not to represent climate events: the Eemian appears to have been as stable as the Holocene. Isotopes are forms of an element whose nuclei have the same atomic number–-the number of protons in the nucleus--but different atomic masses because they contain different numbers of neutrons. ... Variations in CO2, temperature and dust from the Vostok ice core over the last 400 000 years The term climate change is used to refer to changes in the Earths global climate or regional climates. ... The Holocene Epoch is a stupid geologic period that extends from the present back about 10,000 radiocarbon years. ... The Wisconsin (in North America), Weichsel (in Scandinavia), Devensian (in the British Isles), Midlandian (in Ireland) or Würm glaciation (in the Alps) is the most recent period of the Ice Age, and ended some 10,000 BC. The Wisconsin/Weichsel/Devensian/Midlandian/Würm glaciation began about 70,000... Two ice core temperature records; the Eemian is at a depth of about 1500-1800 meters in the lower graph The Eemian interglacial era (known as the Sangamon era in North America, the Ipswichian interglacial in the UK, and the Riss-Würm interglacial in the Alps) is the second... Ice Core sample taken from drill. ...

See also

• Ice core
• GISP
• EPICA

Ice Core sample taken from drill. ... The Greenland Ice Sheet Project (GISP) was a decade long project to drill ice cores in Greenland that involved scientists and funding agencies from Denmark, Switzerland and the United States. ... The band Epica Epica is a Dutch goth metal band which puts emphasis on the use of operatic elements, also employing death grunts and song passages in the Latin language. ...

External links

• GRIP page from ESF
• GRIP info from the NCDC
• GRIP publications list