NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Greer, South Carolina

Greer is a town between Greenville and Spartanburg in Greenville and Spartanburg counties in South Carolina. As of the 2000 census, the city population was 16,843. Today, it is believed to be in excess of 20,000. Each day, more than three times that number of people pass through the city on the two highways which run through the city. Location in South Carolina Coordinates: County Greenville County Founded 1831 Government - Mayor Knox White Area - City 67. ... Spartanburg is a city located in Spartanburg County in South Carolina, a state of the United States of America, and 98 miles north of Columbia. ... Greenville County is a county located in the state of South Carolina. ... Spartanburg County is a county located in the state of South Carolina. ... Official language(s) English Capital Charleston(1670-1789) Columbia(1790-present) Largest city Columbia Largest metro area Columbia Area Ranked 40th - Total 34,726 sq mi (82,965 kmÂ²) - Width 200 miles (320 km) - Length 260 miles (420 km) - % water 6 - Latitude 32Â°430N to 35Â°12N... The United States Census of year 2000, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States on April 1, 2000, to be 281,421,906, an increase of 13. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...

Greer is home to Greenville-Spartanburg International Airport, which serves Greenville, Spartanburg, and The Upstate. Greer is also the site of the only BMW manufacturing facility in North America. According to a June 2005 article in The Greenville News, BMW's Greer plant employs about 4,600 workers, and has attracted dozens of suppliers in South Carolina, providing jobs for more than 12,000 workers. Greenville-Spartanburg International Airport is an airport in Greer, South Carolina, USA, near Greenville, South Carolina and Spartanburg, South Carolina. ... Location in South Carolina Coordinates: County Greenville County Founded 1831 Government - Mayor Knox White Area - City 67. ... Spartanburg is the largest city and the county seat of Spartanburg CountyGR6 in South Carolina, a state of the United States of America, and is the second-largest city of the three primary cities in the Upstate region of South Carolina. ... The Upcountry is the region in northwestern South Carolina. ... The world-wide recognized term, BMW, abbreviated for Bayerische Motoren Werke or in English Bavarian Motor Works, is an independent German company and manufacturer of automobiles and motorcycles. ... The Greenville News is an Upstate South Carolina newspaper based in Greenville, SC. // History The Greenville News started off as a four page publication in 1874. ...

Greer has also been home to the Michelin North America main headquarters for almost a quarter of a century. It is South Carolina's fifth biggest employer. Its longtime presence in South Carolina has amassed a work force of 9,000 and owns seven manufacturing facilities in South Carolina: Anderson, Greenville, Lexington, Spartanburg and Winnsboro. Michelin (full name: Compagnie GÃ©nÃ©rale des Ã‰tablissements Michelin) (Euronext: ML) based in Clermont-Ferrand in the Auvergne rÃ©gion of France, is primarily a tire manufacturer. ... Official language(s) English Capital Charleston(1670-1789) Columbia(1790-present) Largest city Columbia Largest metro area Columbia Area Ranked 40th - Total 34,726 sq mi (82,965 kmÂ²) - Width 200 miles (320 km) - Length 260 miles (420 km) - % water 6 - Latitude 32Â°430N to 35Â°12N... Manufacturing, a branch of industry, is the application of tools and a processing medium to the transformation of raw materials into finished goods for sale. ... Anderson is a city located in Anderson County, South Carolina. ... Location in South Carolina Coordinates: County Greenville County Founded 1831 Government - Mayor Knox White Area - City 67. ... Lexington is a town located in Lexington County, South Carolina. ... Spartanburg is the largest city and the county seat of Spartanburg CountyGR6 in South Carolina, a state of the United States of America, and is the second-largest city of the three primary cities in the Upstate region of South Carolina. ...

Geography

Greer is located at 34°55′49″N, 82°13′30″W (34.930304, -82.225052)^GR1. Image File history File links SCMap-doton-Greer. ...

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 41.8 km² (16.1 mi²). Greer has 3 lakes; Lake Robinson, Apalache Lake and Lake Cunningham; Greer also has the Middle Tyger river running through it and the Apalache River The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title ) is a part of the United States Department of Commerce. ... A square metre (US spelling: square meter) is by definition the area enclosed by a square with sides each 1 metre long. ... A square mile is an English unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (â‰ˆ1,609 m) in length. ...

Demographics

As of the census^GR2 of 2000, there were 16,843 people, 6,714 households, and 4,511 families residing in the city. The population density was 403.2/km² (1,044.5/mi²). There were 7,386 housing units at an average density of 176.8/km² (458.0/mi²). The racial makeup of the city was 73.39% White, 19.49% African American, 1.16% Asian, 0.22% Native American, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 4.42% from other races, and 1.26% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8.18% of the population. Since 2000, the city has seen an explosive increase in Hispanic immigration. 1870 US Census for New York City A census is the process of obtaining information about every member of a population (not necessarily a human population). ... The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ... The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ... The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ... The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ... The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ... It has been suggested that Ethnicity (United States Census) be merged into this article or section. ... The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ... The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ...

There were 6,714 households out of which 31.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.1% were married couples living together, 15.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.8% were non-families. 27.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 2.99. This article or section needs copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone and/or spelling. ...

In the city the population was spread out with 24.8% under the age of 18, 9.2% from 18 to 24, 33.4% from 25 to 44, 18.9% from 45 to 64, and 13.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 90.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.6 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $33,140, and the median income for a family was $41,864. Males had a median income of $33,147 versus $23,566 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,546. About 12.2% of families and 15.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.5% of those under age 18 and 15.1% of those age 65 or over. The per capita income for a group of people may be defined as their total personal income, divided by the total population. ... Map of countries showing percentage of population who have an income below the national poverty line The poverty line is the level of income below which one cannot afford to purchase all the resources one requires to live. ...

External links

	v • d • e State of South Carolina Columbia (capital)
Regions	Capital City/Lake Murray Country \| Grand Strand \| Historic Charleston \| Midlands \| Old 96 District \| Olde English District \| Pee Dee \| Piedmont \| Sandhills \| Santee Cooper Country \| South Carolina Low Country \| Metrolina \| The Upstate Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ... The Greenville News is an Upstate South Carolina newspaper based in Greenville, SC. // History The Greenville News started off as a four page publication in 1874. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_South_Carolina. ... Federal courts Supreme Court Chief Justice Associate Justices Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Counties/Parishes/Boroughs, Cities, and Towns Other countries Politics Portal A U.S. state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of... Official language(s) English Capital Charleston(1670-1789) Columbia(1790-present) Largest city Columbia Largest metro area Columbia Area Ranked 40th - Total 34,726 sq mi (82,965 kmÂ²) - Width 200 miles (320 km) - Length 260 miles (420 km) - % water 6 - Latitude 32Â°430N to 35Â°12N... Independence Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, site of first U.S. capital. ... This list of regions of the United States includes official (governmental) and non-official areas within the borders of the United States, not including U.S. states, the federal district of Washington, D.C. or standard subentities such as cities or counties. ... Lake Murray Country is a large area of South Carolina, USA; the region is approximately 78 acres of water and 50,000 acres of land. ... The Grand Strand is a popular tourist destination in the eastern portion of the U.S. state of South Carolina and extreme southeastern North Carolina. ... Charleston, South Carolinas Oldest City Charleston is an American city located in Charleston County, South Carolina. ... The Midlands roughly refers to an area in the middle of South_Carolina, including but not limited to: Calhoun, Fairfield, Kershaw, Lexington, Orangeburg, Richland and Sumter counties. ... Old 96 District now a popular tourist destination was ruled by the Cherokee Indians. ... The Olde English District is a region of South Carolina encompassing Camden, Chester, Clover, Fort Mill, Kershaw, Lake Wylie, Lancaster, Rock Hill, Woodruff, and York counties. ... The Pee Dee region of South Carolina is the northeastern corner of the state. ... The James River winds its way among piedmont hills in central Virginia. ... A hiking trail snakes through Weymouth Woods in the sandhills region of North Carolina. ... Santee Cooper Country refers to the area in south central South Carolina surrounding the Santee Cooper Lakes. ... The South Carolina Low Country is a term used to describe the states coastal counties, generally south of Charleston. ... The Charlotte metropolitan area, formally known as the Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill CMSA, is composed of seven counties in North Carolina and one county in South Carolina, though six other counties in North Carolina and two in South Carolina are also considered part of the region. ... The Upcountry is the region in northwestern South Carolina. ...
Cities	Aiken \| Anderson \| Camden \| Charleston \| Columbia \| Easley \| Florence \| Georgetown \| Goose Creek \| Greenville \| Greenwood \| Mount Pleasant \| Myrtle Beach \| North Charleston \| North Myrtle Beach \| Orangeburg \| Rock Hill \| Spartanburg \| Sumter List of cities in South Carolina, arranged in alphabetical order. ... Aiken is a city in Aiken County, South Carolina and is part of the CSRA. The population was 25,337 at the 2000 census. ... Anderson is a city located in Anderson County, South Carolina. ... Camden is a city located in Kershaw County, South Carolina. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Nickname: Location in Richland County in the state of South Carolina Coordinates: Country United States State South Carolina Counties Richland County, South Carolina Government - Mayor Bob Coble, (D) Area - City 346. ... Easley is a city located in Pickens County, South Carolina. ... This article is about a city in the US state of South Carolina. ... Location of Georgetown in South Carolina Coordinates: Country United States State South Carolina County Georgetown Government - Mayor Lynn Wood Wilson Area - City 7. ... Goose Creek is a city located in Berkeley County, South Carolina. ... Location in South Carolina Coordinates: County Greenville County Founded 1831 Government - Mayor Knox White Area - City 67. ... Greenwood is a city in Greenwood County, South Carolina, in the United States. ... Mount Pleasant is a town in Charleston County, South Carolina, in the United States. ... Myrtle Beach is a city in Horry County, South Carolina, United States. ... North Charleston is a city located in South Carolina. ... North Myrtle Beach is a city located in Horry County, South Carolina. ... Downtown Orangeburg, South Carolina downtown Orangeburg Orangeburg City Hall/Stevenson Municipal Auditorium Orangeburg, also known as The Garden City, is a city in Orangeburg County, South Carolina, United States. ... Rock Hill is the largest city in York County, South Carolina and a satellite city of Charlotte, North Carolina. ... Spartanburg is the largest city and the county seat of Spartanburg CountyGR6 in South Carolina, a state of the United States of America, and is the second-largest city of the three primary cities in the Upstate region of South Carolina. ... Sumter (IPA: or ) is a city located in Sumter County, South Carolina. ...
Towns	Greer \| Darlington \| Lancaster \| Irmo \| Dillon \| Hardeeville \| Saluda \| North Augusta \| Awendaw \| Conway \| Moncks Corner \| Clinton \| Gaffney \| Walterboro \| Murrells Inlet \| Summerville \| Newberry \| Chester \| Clemson \| Hartsville \| Beaufort \| Hilton Head Island \| Union \| Marion \| Cheraw List of towns in South Carolina, arranged in alphabetical order. ... Darlington is a city in Darlington County, in northeastern South Carolina. ... Lancaster is a city in Lancaster County, South Carolina which is in the United States. ... Irmo is a small town or municipality located 12 miles outside of Columbia, South Carolina. ... Dillon is a city in Dillon County, South Carolina, United States. ... Hardeeville is a city located in Jasper County, South Carolina. ... Saluda is a town located in Saluda County, South Carolina. ... North Augusta is a city located in Aiken County, South Carolina on the north bank of the Savannah River. ... Location of Awendaw in South Carolina Coordinates: Country United States State South Carolina County Charleston Mayor William H. Alston Area - City 21. ... Location of Conway in South Carolina Coordinates: Country United States State South Carolina County Horry Mayor Gregory K. Martin Area - City 34. ... Moncks Corner is the county seat of Berkeley County, South Carolina. ... Clinton is a city located in Laurens County, South Carolina. ... Gaffney is a city in Cherokee County, South Carolina, United States. ... Walterboro is a city located in Colleton County, South Carolina. ... Murrells Inlet is a census-designated place located in Georgetown County, South Carolina. ... Summerville is a city, technically, but calls itself a town and is in Dorchester County, South Carolina, United States. ... Newberry is a town in Newberry County, South Carolina, 43 miles (69 km) west -northwest of Columbia. ... Chester is a city in Chester County, South Carolina, United States. ... Clemson is a city located in South Carolina, a state of the United States of America. ... Hartsville is a city in Darlington County, South Carolina, United States. ... Beaufort is a city located in Beaufort County, South Carolina, USA and situated on the Beaufort River. ... Location of Hilton Head Island in South Carolina Coordinates: Country United States State South Carolina County Beaufort County Incorporated (town) 1983 Government - Mayor Tom Peeples - Town manager Steve Riley - Fire chief Tom Fieldstead Area - Town 55. ... Union is a city located in Union County, South Carolina. ... Marion is a city located in Marion County, South Carolina. ... Historic Town Hall in downtown Cheraw. ...
Rivers	Santee River \| Savannah River \| Pee Dee River \| Edisto River \| Cooper River \| Waccamaw River \| Catawba River \| Black River \| Coosawhatchie River \| Congaree River \| Reedy River \| Enoree River \| Stono River \| Tugaloo River \| Broad River \| Wando River This is a list of rivers in the U.S. state of South Carolina: Ashepoo River Ashley River Big Black Creek Black River Broad River (2 - Beaufort Co. ... The Santee River is a river in South Carolina in the United States, approximately 143 mi (230 km long). ... For the Department of Energy facility, see Savannah River Site The Savannah River is a major river in the southeastern United States, forming most of the border between the states of South Carolina and Georgia. ... Shad Fishing in February Pee Dee River, Yauhanna, South Carolina The Pee Dee River, also known as the Great Pee Dee River, is a river in South Carolina. ... The Edisto River is the longest completely undammed / unleveed blackwater river in North America, flowing 206 meandering miles from its source in Saluda County, to its Atlantic Ocean mouth at Edisto Beach, SC. It rises in two main tributaries (North Fork & South Fork) from springs under the Sand Hills region... The Cooper River is a river in the U.S. state of South Carolina. ... The Waccamaw River is a river, approximately 140 mi (225 km) long, in southeastern North Carolina and eastern South Carolina in the United States. ... The Catawba River is a tributary of the Wateree River, approximately 220 mi (354 km) long, in the U.S. states of North Carolina and South Carolina. ... The Black River originates at the conjunction of several minor swamps just to the south of the city of Bishopville, South Carolina, flowing southeasterly on the coastal plain of South Carolina to empty into the Pee Dee River north of Georgetown, South Carolina. ... The Coosawhatchie River originates near the Towns of Allendale and Fairfax and accepts drainage from Swallow Savanna, Harters Pond, Little Duck Branch, Duck Branch, Beech Branch (LevyBay), Blood Hill Creek, and Cedar Branch. ... Congaree River at the fall line, Columbia, South Carolina The Congaree River is a short but wide river in South Carolina in the United States. ... The Reedy River is a tributary of the Saluda River, about 65 mi (105 km) long, in northwestern South Carolina in the United States. ... The Enoree River is a tributary of the Broad River, 85 mi (137 km) long, in northwestern South Carolina in the United States [1]. Via the Broad and Congaree Rivers, it is part of the watershed of the Santee River, which flows to the Atlantic Ocean [2]. The Enoree rises... The Stono River is a tidal channel in Southeast South Carolina, Southwest of Charleston. ... The Tugaloo River (originally Tugalo River) is a short river bordering Georgia and South Carolina. ... The Broad River is a tidal channel, in Beaufort and Jasper County, South Carolina. ... The Wando River is a tidewater river in the coastal area of South Carolina. ...
Attractions	Myrtle Beach Pavilion \| Carowinds \| Brookgreen Gardens \| South of The Border \| Darlington Raceway \| Congaree National Park \| Cypress Gardens \| Hard Rock Park \| Broadway at the Beach \| Coastal Grand Mall \| Fort Sumter \| Fort Moultrie \| Cooper River Bridge A tourist boat travels the River Seine in Paris, France Tourism can be defined as the act of travel for the purpose of recreation, and the provision of services for this act. ... The Myrtle Beach Pavilion was an amusement park in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. ... Carowinds is a 105 acre theme park, located on the borderline between North and South Carolina, in Charlotte and Fort Mill, respectively. ... Brookgreen Gardens is a sculpture garden and wildlife preserve in Pawleys Island, South Carolina. ... South of the Borders large neon welcome sign. ... Darlington Raceway during the 2006 Dodge Charger 500. ... Located in South Carolina, the 34 mi² (89 km²) Congaree National Park is the largest tract of old growth bottomland hardwood forest left in the United States but one of the smallest national parks. ... Cypress Gardens (163 acres) are commercial nature preserves and gardens located at 3030 Cypress Garden Road, Moncks Corner, South Carolina. ... Hard Rock Park will be a 140-acre rock n roll theme park located in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. ... Broadway at the Beach is Myrtle Beachs premier entertainment destination. ... Coastal Grand Mall is Myrtle Beachs newest shopping center. ... Fort Sumter, located in Charleston, South Carolina, was named after General Thomas Sumter. ... Fort Moultrie is the name of a series of forts on Sullivans Island, South Carolina, built to protect the city of Charleston, South Carolina. ... The Cooper River Bridges entering Charleston, South Carolina. ...
Interstates	Interstate 20 \| Interstate 20 Bus. \| Interstate 26 \| Interstate 126 \| Interstate 526 \| Interstate 73 \| Interstate 74 \| Interstate 174 \| Interstate 77 \| Interstate 85 \| Interstate 85 Bus. \| Interstate 185 \| Interstate 385 \| Interstate 585 \| Interstate 95 South Carolina State Highway 2 South Carolina State Highway 3 South Carolina State Highway 4 South Carolina State Highway 5 South Carolina State Highway 6 South Carolina State Highway 7 South Carolina State Highway 8 South Carolina State Highway 9 South Carolina State Highway 10 South Carolina State Highway 11... This Interstate Highway article needs to be cleaned up to conform to both a higher standard of article quality and accepted design standards outlined in the WikiProject U.S. Interstate Highways. ... Business Spur Interstate 20 is a spur route that acts as a brief extension of Interstate 20 from its eastern terminus at the interchange with Interstate 95 in Florence, South Carolina. ... Interstate 26 (abbreviated I-26) is an east-west main route of the Interstate Highway System in the Southeastern United States. ... Interstate 126 is a spur route of Interstate 26, near Columbia, South Carolina. ... Interstate 526 (abbreviated I-526) or the Mark Clark Expressway is an unfinshed beltway Interstate Highway of Interstate 26 in Charleston, South Carolina, USA. It forms a 19. ... Interstate 73 (abbreviated I-73) is a main route of the Interstate Highway System, currently located entirely within the U.S. state of North Carolina. ... Interstate 74 (abbreviated I-74) is an interstate highway in the Midwestern and southeastern United States. ... Interstate 174 (abbreviated I-174) is a proposed 3-digit interstate highway route in Horry County, South Carolina that will connect Future Interstate 74 (SC 31 - Carolina Bays Parkway) to North Myrtle Beach near Main Street. ... Interstate 77 (abbreviated I-77) is an interstate highway in the eastern United States. ... Interstate 85 (abbreviated I-85) is an interstate highway in the southeastern United States. ... Interstate 85 Business is a Business Loop of the Interstate Highway System and a freeway, running along the old route of Interstate 85 through Spartanburg, South Carolina, United States. ... Interstate 185 is located in the city of Greenville, South Carolina. ... Interstate 385 (abbreviated I-385) is an interstate highway located in The Upstate region of South Carolina. ... Interstate 585 (abbreviated I-585) stretches from an Interstate 85 Business loop to Spartanburg, South Carolina. ... Interstate 95 is a major interstate highway, running along the East Coast of the United States from Florida to Maine. ...
Counties	href="/encyclopedia/Abbeville-County%2C-South-Carolina" onmouseover="pv(event, 174)" onmouseout="unpv(174)" style="">Abbeville \| Aiken \| Allendale \| Anderson \| Bamberg \| Barnwell \| Beaufort \| Berkeley \| Calhoun \| Charleston \| Cherokee \| Chester \| Chesterfield \| Clarendon \| Colleton \| Darlington \| Dillon \| Dorchester \| Edgefield \| Fairfield \| Florence \| Georgetown \| Greenville \| Greenwood \| Hampton \| Horry \| Jasper \| Kershaw \| Lancaster \| Laurens \| Lee \| Lexington \| Marion \| Marlboro \| McCormick \| Newberry \| Oconee \| Orangeburg \| Pickens \| Richland \| Saluda \| Spartanburg \| Sumter \| Union \| Williamsburg \| York List of South Carolina counties Categories: Lists of U.S. counties \| South Carolina counties ... Abbeville County is a county located in the state of South Carolina. ... Aiken County is a county located in the state of South Carolina. ... Allendale County is a county located in the state of South Carolina. ... Anderson County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Carolina. ... Bamberg County is a county located in the state of South Carolina. ... Barnwell County is a county located in the state of South Carolina. ... Beaufort County is a county located in the state of South Carolina. ... Berkeley County is a county in the state of South Carolina. ... Calhoun County is a county located in the state of South Carolina. ... Charleston County is a county located in the state of South Carolina. ... Cherokee County is a county located in the state of South Carolina. ... Chester County is a county located in the state of South Carolina. ... Chesterfield County is a county located in the state of South Carolina. ... Clarendon County is a county located in the state of South Carolina. ... Colleton County is a county located in the state of South Carolina. ... Darlington County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Carolina. ... Dillon County is a county located in the state of South Carolina. ... Dorchester County is a county located in the state of South Carolina. ... Edgefield County is a county located in the state of South Carolina. ... Fairfield County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Carolina. ... Florence County is a county located in the state of South Carolina. ... Georgetown County is a county located in the state of South Carolina. ... Greenville County is a county located in the state of South Carolina. ... Greenwood County is a county located in the state of South Carolina. ... Hampton County is a county located in the state of South Carolina. ... Horry County (pronounced ORR-EEE; IPA: ) is a county located in the U.S. state of South Carolina. ... Jasper County is a county located in the state of South Carolina. ... Kershaw County is a county located in the state of South Carolina. ... Lancaster County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Carolina. ... Laurens County is a county located in the state of South Carolina. ... Lee County is a county located in the state of South Carolina. ... Lexington County is a county located in the state of South Carolina. ... Marion County is a county located in the state of South Carolina. ... Marlboro County is a county located in the state of South Carolina. ... McCormick County is a county located in the state of South Carolina. ... Newberry County is a county located in the state of South Carolina. ... Oconee County is a county located in the state of South Carolina. ... Orangeburg County is a county located in the state of South Carolina. ... Pickens County is a county located in the state of South Carolina. ... Richland County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Carolina. ... Saluda County is a county located in the state of South Carolina. ... Spartanburg County is a county located in the state of South Carolina. ... Sumter County is a county located in the state of South Carolina. ... Union County is a county located in the state of South Carolina. ... Location in the state of South Carolina Formed 1871 Seat Kingstree Area - Total - Water 2,427 kmÂ² (937 miÂ²) 8 kmÂ² (3 miÂ²) 0. ... York County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Carolina. ...