NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Gregor Strasser

Gregor Strasser (variant German spelling Straßer) (May 31, 1892, Geisenfeld, Germany - June 30, 1934, Berlin) was a politician of the German Nazi Party (NSDAP). This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... May 31 is the 151st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (152nd in leap years), with 214 days remaining. ... 1892 (MDCCCXCII) was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Geisenfeld is a town in the district of Pfaffenhofen, in Bavaria, Germany. ... June 30 is the 181st day of the year (182nd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 184 days remaining. ... 1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... Berlin is the capital city and one of the sixteen states of the Federal Republic of Germany. ... The (German: Nazional- socialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (NSDAP) [National Socialist German Workers Party]); generally known in English as the Nazi Party, was a political party in Germany between 1920 and 1945. ...

Life

Background, Training, and Military Service

Like his younger brother Otto, Gregor Strasser was born into the family of a Catholic judicial officer who lived in the Upper Bavarian market town of Geisenfeld. He attended grammar school and after his final examinations served his apprenticeship as a druggist in the Lower Bavarian village of Frontenhausen from 1910 until 1914. In 1914 he began to study pharmacy at Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, which he suspended in the same year to enlist as a volunteer in the German Imperial Army. Strasser took part in World War I, rising to the rank of First Lieutenant, and was decorated with the Iron Cross, First and Second Class. Oberbayern (Upper Bavaria) is one of the seven administrative regions of Bavaria, Germany, located in the south of Bavaria, around the city Munich. ... The market town is a medieval phenomenon. ... Lower Bavaria (German Niederbayern) is one of the seven administrative regions of Bavaria, Germany, located in the east of Bavaria. ... Main building of the Ludwig Maximilians University The Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich (German: Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitÃ¤t MÃ¼nchen or LMU) is with approximately 48,000 students the second largest university in Germany (surpassed only by the University of Cologne) and generally considered one of the best universities of... Combatants Allied Powers: British Empire France Italy Russia United States Central Powers: Austria-Hungary Bulgaria Germany Ottoman Empire Commanders Ferdinand Foch Georges Clemenceau Joseph Joffre Victor Emmanuel III Luigi Cadorna Armando Diaz Nicholas II Aleksei Brusilov Herbert Henry Asquith Douglas Haig John Jellicoe Woodrow Wilson John Pershing Wilhelm II Paul... First Lieutenant is a military rank. ... A stylized version of the Iron Cross, the emblem of the Bundeswehr, Germanys Armed Forces. ...

In 1918 he continued his interrupted studies at Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen-Nuremberg and in 1919 he joined the rightist Freikorps of Franz Ritter von Epp (1868-1946) together with his brother Otto. Also in 1919 he passed his state examination successfully, and in 1920 started work as an apothecary in Landshut. He also established and commanded Sturmbataillon Niederbayern (English: Storm battalion Lower Bavaria). Young Heinrich Himmler served as his adjutant. In the middle of March 1920 Strasser's Freikorps was ready for participitation in the failed Kapp Putsch. At the same time his brother Otto commanded a socialist Rote Hundertschaft (Red Group of a Hundred) to battle against this right wing "reactionary" coup d'état. The castle in the center of Erlangen, known to many simply as the Schloss, is home to a large part of the universitys administration Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen Nuremberg (FAU), founded in 1742, is Bavarias second largest state university with eleven faculties and 265 chairs. ... The designation of Freikorps (German for Free Corps, i. ... Landshut is a city in Bavaria, Germany, the capital of the Niederbayern region. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... (October 7, 1900 â€“ May 23, 1945) was the commander of the German Schutzstaffel (SS) and one of the most powerful men in Nazi Germany. ... The Putsch â€”or more accurately the Kapp-LÃ¼ttwitz Putsch â€”was an attempt to overthrow the Weimar Republic, based in opposition to the imposed Treaty of Versailles at the end of World War I. It was branded right-wing, monarchist and reactionary afterwards. ... A coup dÃ©tat (pronounced ), or simply coup, is the sudden overthrow of a government through unconstitutional means by a part of the state establishment â€” mostly replacing just the high-level figures. ...

Career in the early NSDAP

In 1921 Gregor Strasser and his völkischer Wehrverband ("folkish defense union") - how nationalist paramilitarian groups called themselves in Germany in the 1920s - joined forces with the NSDAP (Nazi Party), which had been founded in Munich one year earlier. In November 1923 he took an active part in the miscarried Beer Hall Putsch. In a special part of the high treason trial against Adolf Hitler, Strasser was sentenced to one and a half years of Festungshaft (confinement in a fortress, which was regarded as an honorable detention in the German Empire) in Landsberg Prison by Volksgericht München I in April 1924. After few weeks Strasser was released because he had been elected a member of Bavarian Landtag for the Nazi-associated Völkischer Block on May 4, 1924. On December 7, 1924 he attained a seat in 3. Reichstag of Weimar Republic. He had run for the Deutschvölkische Freiheitspartei (German Folkish Freedom Party), which served as substitute organization for the NSDAP (which had been banned temporarily from November 1923 until February 1925). Strasser kept this position until December 1932. The vÃ¶lkisch movement is the German interpretation of the Populist movement, with a romantic focus on folklore and the organic. ... Liberty Leading the People by EugÃ¨ne Delacroix Nationalism is an ideology [1] that holds that a nation is the fundamental unit for human social life, and takes precedence over any other social and political principles. ... A paramilitary organization is a group of civilians trained and organized in a military fashion. ... Munich: Frauenkirche and Town Hall steeple Munich: St. ... The Beer Hall Putsch was a failed coup dÃ©tat that occurred between the evening of Thursday, November 8 and the early afternoon of Friday, November 9, 1923, when the Nazi partys FÃ¼hrer Adolf Hitler, the popular World War I General Erich Ludendorff, and other leaders of the... Hitler redirects here. ... Motto: Gott mit Uns (German: God with usâ€) Anthem: Heil dir im Siegerkranz (unofficial) Territory of the German Empire in 1914, prior to World War I Capital Berlin Language(s) German (official) Polish (Posen, Upper Silesia, Masuria) French (Alsace-Lorraine) Government Constitutional monarchy Emperor - 1871-1888 William I - 1888 Frederick... Entrance of the Landsberg Prison Landsberg Prison is a penal facility located in the town of Landsberg am Lech in the southwest of the German state of Bavaria, about 30 miles (45 km) west of Munich. ... A Landtag (Diet) is a representative assembly, with some legislative authority, of a political entity called Land (i. ... The Reichstag (German for Imperial Diet) was the parliament of the Holy Roman Empire, the North German Confederation, and of Germany until 1945. ... Anthem: Das Lied der Deutschen The LÃ¤nder of Germany during the Weimar Republic, with the Free State of Prussia (Freistaat PreuÃŸen) as the largest Capital Berlin Language(s) German Government Republic President - 1919-1925 Friedrich Ebert - 1925-1933 Paul von Hindenburg Chancellor - 1919 Philipp Scheidemann - 1933 Adolf Hitler...

After the official refoundation of the NSDAP by Adolf Hitler in the Munich Bürgerbräukeller on February 26, 1925 Strasser became the first Gauleiter of Lower Bavaria/Upper Palatinate and, after the partition of this Gau, Lower Bavarian Gauleiter from October 1, 1928 until 1929. From June 30, 1926 until early 1928 he was NSDAP Reichspropagandaleiter (NSDAP Reich Leader for Propaganda) and from January 1928 until December 1932 he was the Nazi Reichsorganisationsleiter (Reich Organization Leader). Gregor Strasser reorganized the whole NSDAP structure, both in its regional formation and its vertical management hierarchy. The Nazi Party became a strictly centralist organization with the party's own control machinery and high propaganda capability. Strasser's ideas for restructuring the Nazi Reich Organization Leadership had been carried into effect by service regulations called Politische Organisation - P.O. - (Political Organization - P.O.) of the NSDAP on July 15, 1932. The BÃ¼rgerbrÃ¤ukeller was an inn cellar in Munich, by 1933 one of the preferred gathering saloons of the NSDAP. It was one of the large beer halls of the BÃ¼rgerliches Brauhaus public limited company, and after its merger with LÃ¶wenbrÃ¤u, the cellar was transferred to... A Gauleiter was the party leader of a regional branch of the NSDAP (more commonly known as the Nazi Party) or the head of a Gau or of a Reichsgau. ... Lower Bavaria (German Niederbayern) is one of the seven administrative regions of Bavaria, Germany, located in the east of Bavaria. ... The Upper Palatinate (Oberpfalz) is one of the seven administrative regions of Bavaria, Germany, located in the east of Bavaria. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...

Strasser's Organizational Reforms

After 1925, Strasser's outstanding organizational skill helped the NSDAP to make a big step from a marginal South German splinter party to a nationwide mass party, appealing to the lower classes and their tendency towards socialism. Its membership increased from about 27,000 in 1925 to more than 800,000 in 1931. Strasser established the NSDAP in northern and western Germany as a strong political association which quickly attained a higher membership than Hitler's southern party section. Moreover he arranged for the foundation of the Berlin SA (Stormtroopers) under Upper Silesian Nazi activist Kurt Daluege in March 1926. The party's own Foreign Organization (see NSDAP/AO) was formed on Strasser's initiative, and Dr. Hans Nieland was appointed its first leader on May 1, 1931. Together with his brother Otto, Strasser founded the Berlin Kampf-Verlag (Combat Publishing) arm in March 1926, which published among others the programmatic weekly journal Der Nationale Sozialist (The National Socialist) from 1926 until 1930. The seal of SA The (SA, German for Storm Division, usually translated as stormtroops or stormtroopers) functioned as a paramilitary organization of the NSDAP â€“ the German Nazi party. ... Map of Upper Silesia, 1746 Upper Silesia (Polish: GÃ³rny ÅšlÄ…sk, German: Oberschlesien, Czech: HornÃ Slezsko) is the south-eastern part of Silesia, a historical and geographical region of Poland (Opole Voivodship and Silesian Voivodship) and of the Czech Republic (Silesian-Moravian Region). ... Kurt Daluege (September 15, 1897 â€“ October 24, 1946) was an SS-OberstgruppenfÃ¼hrer und Generaloberst der Polizei, officer of the Central Reich Security Office (RSHA) and the governor of the Protectorate Bohemia and Moravia. ... The NSDAP/AO was the Foreign Organization of the National Socialist German Workers Party (NSDAP). ... Hans Heinrich Nieland (* October 3, 1900 in Hagen - â€ August 29, 1976 in Reinbek near Hamburg) was a politician of the German Nazi-Party (NSDAP) and Lord Mayor of Dresden from 1940 until 1945. ...

The Strasser brothers ruled the Berlin party organization unchallenged and developed an independent ideological profile from the south German party wing around Adolf Hitler. They advocated - at first together with Gregor Strasser's close collaborator in Rhineland and Westphalia Joseph Goebbels - an anti-capitalist, social revolutionary course for NSDAP that was heavily affected by anti-Semitism and anti-Marxism at the same time. With the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Nordwest (Syndicate Northwest), a federation of north and west German NSDAP Gauleiters under his leadership (managing director was Joseph Goebbels) founded in 1925, Gregor Strasser had created an instrument to enforce the sociopolitical and economic ideas of the left NSDAP wing. But on February 14, 1926 Hitler asserted himself successfully against this "National Bolshevist" faction during the Bamberg Leader Conference. This earned Hitler absolute leadership within the NSDAP. The disbandment of the syndicate was decreed by a directive from Munich on July 1, 1926. Otto Strasser Gregor Strasser The Strasser Brothers were Gregor (1892-1934) and Otto Strasser (1897-1974). ... The Rhineland (Rheinland in German) is the general name for the land on both sides of the river Rhine in the west of Germany, although some consider the lands to the east of the river culturally distinct, jovially referring to them as SchÃ¤l Sick; the bad or wrong side... Westphalia (German: Westfalen) is a region in Germany, centred on the cities of Dortmund, Gelsenkirchen, MÃ¼nster, Bielefeld, and OsnabrÃ¼ck and included in the states of North Rhine-Westphalia and Lower Saxony. ... Dr. Paul Joseph Goebbels (October 29, 1897 â€“ May 1, 1945) was Adolf Hitlers Propaganda Minister (see Propagandaministerium) in Nazi Germany. ... An anti-capitalist poster printed by the Industrial Workers of the World in 1911. ... The Eternal Jew: 1937 German poster. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article may require cleanup. ... Flag of the National Bolsheviks. ... For other meanings, see Bamberg (disambiguation). ...

Conflict with Hitler, and Expulsion

The programmatic and personal rivalry with Adolf Hitler worsened dramatically when Reichskanzler Kurt von Schleicher offered Gregor Strasser the vice-chancellorship and the office of the Prussian Prime Minister in December 1932. Von Schleicher hoped to disunite the NSDAP with Strasser's help and to pull the left Nazis around Strasser over to his national conservative side, as to prevent a revolution or takeover by Hitler. The plan failed because of Hitler's intervention, and resulted in Strasser's resignation from all party positions. He continued acting as a publicist as he did before his disempowerment. From June 1931 until its ban on February 4, 1933 he published the weekly newspaper Die schwarze Front (The Black Front), which made little impact on contemporaries because of its small circulation (10,000 copies). The head of government of Germany is called Chancellor (German: Kanzler or Bundeskanzler meaning federal chancellor). ... Kurt von Schleicher (4 April 1882â€“30 June 1934) was a German general and the last Chancellor of Germany during the era of the Weimar Republic. ... Coat of Arms of the Kingdom of Prussia, 1701-1918 Prussia (German: ; Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Lithuanian: ; Polish: ; Old Prussian: PrÅ«sa) was, most recently, a historic state originating in East Prussia, an area which for centuries had substantial influence on German and European history. ... National conservatism is a political term used primarily in Europe to describe a type of right-wing political philosophy. ...

During the Nazi Party purge, which was called officially "Röhm-Putsch" by the Nazi propaganda (see Night of the Long Knives), Strasser was assassinated on Hitler's personal order by the Berlin Gestapo on June 30, 1934. The assassins shot through a window into Strasser's cell, eventually killing him. A photographic portrait of Ernst RÃ¶hm. ... The Night of the Long Knives (June 30 and Sunday July 1, 1934) (German, Nacht der langen Messer), also known as Reichsmordwoche, Operation Hummingbird or the Blood Purge, was a lethal purge of Adolf Hitlers potential political rivals in the Sturmabteilung (SA; also known as storm troopers or brownshirts). ... The Deaths Head emblem similar to skull and crossbones, often used as the insignia of the Gestapo The (contraction of Geheime Staatspolizei; Secret State Police) was the official secret police of Nazi Germany. ...

Although Strasser ultimately failed as a politician, the Strasser brothers' national revolutionary political theses, combined with their socialism, continue to exert a big influence on modern Neo-Nazism.^{[citation needed]} The terms Neo-Nazism and Neo-Fascism refer to any social or political movement to revive Nazism or Fascism, respectively, and postdates the Second World War. ...

Literature

Stanford redirects here. ... Main building of the Ludwig Maximilians University The Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich (German: Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitÃ¤t MÃ¼nchen or LMU) is with approximately 48,000 students the second largest university in Germany (surpassed only by the University of Cologne) and generally considered one of the best universities of... Heinrich Heine University of DÃ¼sseldorf (Heinrich-Heine-UniversitÃ¤t DÃ¼sseldorf) in Germany is named for the German poet and political thinker Heinrich Heine, who was born in DÃ¼sseldorf in 1797. ...

External links

Categories: Articles with unsourced statements | 1892 births | 1934 deaths | Nazi leaders | Victims of The Night of the Long Knives | Anti-Semitic people British Library Ossulston St entrance, with distinctive red logo. ... The Great Hall interior. ... Die Deutsche Bibliothek (in English literally the German library) is the national library of Germany. ... The EncyclopÃ¦dia Britannica (properly spelled with the Ã¦ ligature) is a general encyclopedia published by the privately held EncyclopÃ¦dia Britannica Inc. ... John Simkin is a history teacher and the webmaster of Spartacus Education and one of the most knowlegable experts on the John F. Kennedy assassination. ... CBS (an abbreviation for Columbia Broadcasting System, its former legal name) is one of the largest television networks, and formerly one of the largest radio networks, in the United States. ... Motto: Concordia Salus Coordinates: Country Canada Province Quebec Founded 1642 Established 1832 City Mayor GÃ©rald Tremblay Area - City 366. ... The introduction of this article does not provide enough context for readers unfamiliar with the subject. ...

Contents

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