 Inscription on the tomb of Pope Gregory XIII celebrating the introduction of the Gregorian Calendar The Gregorian calendar is the calendar that is used nearly everywhere in the world. A modification of the Julian calendar, it was first proposed by the Calabrian doctor Aloysius Lilius, and was decreed by Pope Gregory XIII, for whom it was named, on 24 February 1582 via the papal bull Inter gravissimas. Its years are numbered using the anno Domini era, beginning with the traditionally accepted year of Jesus' birth. Image File history File links Gregorianscher_Kalender_Petersdom. ...
Image File history File links Gregorianscher_Kalender_Petersdom. ...
A calendar is a system for naming periods of time, typically days. ...
A calendar is a system for naming periods of time, typically days. ...
The Julian calendar was introduced in 46 BC by Julius Caesar and took force in 45 BC (709 ab urbe condita). ...
Calabria, formerly Brutium, is a region in southern Italy which occupies the toe of the Italian peninsula south of Naples. ...
Aloysius Lilius (Luigi Lilio, 1510 – 1576) was a physician from Calabria in Italy (at that time part of the kingdom of Naples). ...
Gregory XIII, born Ugo Boncompagni (January 7, 1502 – April 10, 1585) was pope from 1572 to 1585. ...
February 24 is the 55th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ...
Events January 15 - Russia cedes Livonia and Estonia to Poland February 24 - Pope Gregory XIII implements the Gregorian Calendar. ...
Papal bull of Pope Urban VIII, 1637, sealed with a leaden bulla. ...
Inter gravissimas is a papal bull issued by Pope Gregory XIII on February 24, 1582. ...
Anno Domini (In the Year of the Lord), abbreviated as AD or A.D. defines an epoch based on the traditionally-reckoned year of the birth (or actually Incarnation) of Jesus of Nazareth. ...
Jesus is the current Good Article Collaboration of the week! Please help take it from Good to featured article status. ...
The Gregorian Calendar was devised because the mean year in the Julian Calendar was slightly too long, causing the vernal equinox to slowly drift backwards in the calendar year. A year is the time between two recurrences of an event related to the orbit of the Earth around the Sun. ...
Illumination of Earth by Sun on the day of equinox The vernal equinox (or spring equinox) marks the beginning of astronomical spring. ...
In the Gregorian calendar in common use, the calendar year begins on January 1, and ends on December 31. ...
History
Invention The motivation of the Catholic Church in adjusting the calendar was to have Easter celebrated at the time that they thought had been agreed to at the First Council of Nicaea in 325. Although a canon of the council implies that all churches used the same Easter, they did not. The Church of Alexandria celebrated Easter on the Sunday after the 14th day of the Moon that falls on or after the vernal equinox, which they placed on 21 March. However, the Church of Rome still regarded 25 March as the equinox and used a different day of the moon. By the tenth century all churches (except for some on the eastern border of the Byzantine Empire) had adopted the Alexandrian Easter, which still placed the vernal equinox on 21 March, although Bede had already noted its drift in 725 — it had drifted even further by the sixteenth century. This article considers Catholicism in the broadest ecclesiastical sense. ...
Easter is the most important religious holiday of the Christian liturgical year, observed in March, April, or May to celebrate the resurrection of Jesus, which Christians believe occurred after his death by crucifixion in AD 27-33 (see Good Friday). ...
The First Council of Nicaea, convoked by the Roman Emperor Constantine the Great in AD 325, was the first ecumenical conference of bishops of the Christian Church. ...
Events May 20 - First Council of Nicaea - first Ecumenical Council of the Christian Church: The Nicene Creed is formulated, the date of Easter is discussed. ...
Illumination of Earth by Sun on the day of equinox The vernal equinox (or spring equinox) marks the beginning of astronomical spring. ...
March 21 is the 80th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (81st in leap years). ...
March 25 is the 84th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (85th in leap years). ...
Byzantine Empire (Greek: ) is the term conventionally used since the 19th century to describe the Greek-speaking Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered at its capital in Constantinople. ...
March 21 is the 80th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (81st in leap years). ...
Bede depicted in an early medieval manuscript Depiction of Bede from the Nuremberg Chronicle, 1493. ...
Worse, the reckoned Moon that was used to compute Easter was fixed to the Julian year by a 19 year cycle. However, that is an approximation that built up an error of one day every 310 years. So by the sixteenth century the lunar calendar was out of phase with the real Moon by four days. The Metonic cycle or Enneadecaeteris in astronomy and calendar studies is a particular approximate common multiple of the tropical year and the synodic month. ...
The Council of Trent approved a plan in 1563 for correcting the calendrial errors, requiring that the date of the vernal equinox be restored to that which it held at the time of the First Council of Nicaea in 325 and that an alteration to the calendar be designed to prevent future drift. This would allow for a more consistent and accurate scheduling of the feast of Easter. The Council of Trent is an ecumenical council recognized by the Roman Catholic Church held from December 13, 1545, to December 4, 1563. ...
Events February 1 - Sarsa Dengel succeeds his father Menas as Emperor of Ethiopia February 18 - The Duke of Guise is assassinated while besieging Orléans March - Peace of Amboise. ...
Illumination of Earth by Sun on the day of equinox The vernal equinox (or spring equinox) marks the beginning of astronomical spring. ...
Easter is the most important religious holiday of the Christian liturgical year, observed in March, April, or May to celebrate the resurrection of Jesus, which Christians believe occurred after his death by crucifixion in AD 27-33 (see Good Friday). ...
The fix was to come in two stages. First, it was necessary to approximate the correct length of a solar year. The value chosen was 365.2425 days in decimal notation. This is 365;14,33 days in sexagesimal notation - the length of the tropical year, rounded to two sexagesimal positions; this was the value used in the major astronomical tables of the day. Although close to the mean tropical year of 365.24219 days, it is even closer to the vernal equinox year of 365.2424 days; this fact made the choice of approximation particularly appropriate as the purpose of creating the calendar was to ensure that the vernal equinox would be near a specific date (March 21). See Accuracy. The sexagesimal (base-sixty) is a numeral system with sixty as the base. ...
A tropical year is the length of time that the Sun, as viewed from the Earth, takes to return to the same position along the ecliptic (its path among the stars on the celestial sphere). ...
A tropical year is the length of time that the Sun, as viewed from the Earth, takes to return to the same position along the ecliptic (its path among the stars on the celestial sphere). ...
A tropical year is the length of time that the Sun, as viewed from the Earth, takes to return to the same position along the ecliptic (its path among the stars on the celestial sphere). ...
March 21 is the 80th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (81st in leap years). ...
The second stage was to devise a model based on the approximation which would provide an accurate yet simple, rule-based calendar. The formula designed by Aloysius Lilius was ultimately successful. It proposed a 10 day correction to revert the drift since Nicaea and the imposition of a leap day in only 97 years in 400 rather than in 1 year in 4. To implement the model, it was provided that years divisible by 100 would be leap years only if they were divisible by 400 as well. So, in the last millennium, 1600 and 2000 were leap years, but 1700, 1800 and 1900 were not. In this millennium, 2100, 2200, 2300 and 2500 will not be leap years, but 2400 will be. This theory was expanded upon by Christopher Clavius in a closely argued, 800 page volume. He would later defend his and Lilius's work against detractors. Aloysius Lilius (Luigi Lilio, 1510 – 1576) was a physician from Calabria in Italy (at that time part of the kingdom of Naples). ...
A leap year (or intercalary year) is a year containing an extra day or month in order to keep the calendar year in sync with an astronomical or seasonal year. ...
Christopher Clavius, (March 25, 1538 – February 12, 1612) was a German Jesuit mathematician and astronomer who was the main architect of the modern Gregorian calendar. ...
The 19 year cycle used for the lunar calendar was also to be corrected by one day every 300 or 400 years (8 times in 2500 years) along with corrections for the years (1700, 1800, 1900, 2100 etc.) that are no longer leap years. In fact, a new method for computing the date of Easter was introduced. Computus (Latin for computation) is the calculation of the date of Easter in the Christian calendar. ...
Lilius originally proposed that the 10 day correction should be implemented by deleting the Julian leap day on each of its ten occurrences during a period of 40 years, thereby providing for a gradual return of the equinox to 21 March. However, Clavius's opinion was that the correction should take place in one move and it was this advice which prevailed with Gregory. Accordingly, when the new calendar was put in use, the error accumulated in the 13 centuries since the Council of Nicaea was corrected by a deletion of ten days. The last day of the Julian calendar was 4 October 1582 and this was followed by the first day of the Gregorian calendar 15 October 1582. Nevertheless, the dates "5 October 1582" to "14 October 1582" (inclusive) are still valid in virtually all countries because even most Roman Catholic countries did not adopt the new calendar on the date specified by the bull, but months or even years later (the last in 1587). March 21 is the 80th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (81st in leap years). ...
October 4 is the 277th day of the year (278th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ...
Events January 15 - Russia cedes Livonia and Estonia to Poland February 24 - Pope Gregory XIII implements the Gregorian Calendar. ...
October 15 is the 288th day of the year (289th in Leap years). ...
Events January 15 - Russia cedes Livonia and Estonia to Poland February 24 - Pope Gregory XIII implements the Gregorian Calendar. ...
October 5 is the 278th day of the year (279th in Leap years). ...
Events January 15 - Russia cedes Livonia and Estonia to Poland February 24 - Pope Gregory XIII implements the Gregorian Calendar. ...
October 14 is the 287th day of the year (288th in Leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Events January 15 - Russia cedes Livonia and Estonia to Poland February 24 - Pope Gregory XIII implements the Gregorian Calendar. ...
Beginning of the year During the Middle Ages 1 January was given the name New Year's Day (or an equivalent name) in all Western European countries (those with predominantly Catholic populations), even while most of those countries began their numbered year on 25 December (the Nativity of Jesus), then 25 March (the Incarnation of Jesus), and even Easter, as in France. This name was the result of always displaying the months of the medieval calendar from January to December (in twelve columns containing 28 to 31 days each), just like the Romans did. Furthermore, all Western European countries (except for a few Italian states) shifted the first day of their numbered year to 1 January while they were still using the Julian calendar, before they adopted the Gregorian calendar, many during the sixteenth century. Eastern European countries (most of them with populations showing allegiance to the Orthodox Church) began their numbered year on 1 September (since about 988). The following list is partially based on Old Style and New Style Dates and The Change of New Year's Day. The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ...
January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. ...
For information on the movie, New Years Day, see New Years Day (film). ...
A common understanding of Western Europe in modern times Western Europe was largely defined by the Cold War, with the Iron Curtain separating it from Eastern Europe (Warsaw Pact countries). ...
December 25 is the 359th day of the year (360th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 6 days remaining. ...
Jesus is the current Good Article Collaboration of the week! Please help take it from Good to featured article status. ...
March 25 is the 84th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (85th in leap years). ...
Easter is the most important religious holiday of the Christian liturgical year, observed in March, April, or May to celebrate the resurrection of Jesus, which Christians believe occurred after his death by crucifixion in AD 27-33 (see Good Friday). ...
Look up January in Wiktionary, the free dictionary January is the first month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of seven Gregorian months with the length of 31 days. ...
Look up December in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. ...
The word orthodoxy, from the Greek ortho (right, correct) and doxa (thought, teaching , Glorification), is typically used to refer to the correct theological or doctrinal observance of religion, as determined by some overseeing body. ...
September 1 is the 244th day of the year (245th in leap years). ...
Events Vladimir I, Prince of Kiev marries Anna, sister of Byzantine emperor Basil II and converts to Christianity. ...
Neither the papal bull nor its attached canons explicitly state that the year of the Gregorian calendar is to begin on 1 January, contrary to popular opinion. However, it does imply such a year by including two tables of saint's days, one labeled 1582 which ends on 31 December, and another for any full year that begins on 1 January. It also specifies its epact relative to 1 January, in contrast with the Julian calendar, which specified it relative to 22 March. These would have been the inevitable result of the above shift in the beginning of the Julian year. January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. ...
January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. ...
Location within Italy Venice (Italian: Venezia, Venetian: Venexia) 45°26′N 12°19′E, the city of canals, is the capital of the region of Veneto and of the province of Venice in Italy. ...
The coat of arms of the Kingdom of Prussia, 1701-1918 The word Prussia (Old Prussian: Prūsa, German: Preußen, Polish: Prusy, Lithuanian: Prūsai, Latin: Borussia) has had various (often contradictory) meanings: The land of the Baltic Prussians (in what is now parts of southern Lithuania, the Kaliningrad...
Lorraine coat of arms Lorraine (French: Lorraine; German: Lothringen) is a historical area in present-day northeast France. ...
Royal motto: Nemo me impune lacessit (English: No one provokes me with impunity) Scotlands location within the United Kingdom Languages English, Gaelic, Scots Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow First Minister Jack McConnell Area - Total - % water Ranked 2nd UK 78,782 km² 1. ...
A poppy field in Tuscany Tuscany (Italian Toscana) is a region in central Italy, bordering on Latium to the south, Umbria and Marche to the east, Emilia-Romagna and Liguria to the north, and the Tyrrhenian Sea to the west. ...
Royal motto (French): Dieu et mon droit (Translated: God and my right) Englands location within the British Isles Languages English (de facto) Capital London de facto Largest city London Area – Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 km² Population – Total (mid-2004) – Total (2001 Census) – Density Ranked 1st UK 50. ...
January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. ...
In general, the term Saint refers to someone who is exceptionally virtuous and holy. ...
December 31 is the 365th day of the year (366th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ...
January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. ...
The epact (from Greek: epaktai hèmerai = added days) is, as the second Canon of the Gregorian Calendar reform puts it, nothing else than the number of days which the common solar year of 365 days surpasses the common lunar year of 354 days (Latin: Epacta nihil aliud est quam...
January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. ...
March 22 is the 81st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (82nd in Leap years). ...
During the period between 1582, when the first countries adopted the Gregorian calendar, and 1923, when the last European country adopted it, it was often necessary to indicate the date of some event in both the Julian calendar and in the Gregorian calendar, for example, "10/21 February 1751/52", where the dual year accounts for some countries already beginning their numbered year on 1 January while others were still using some other date. Even before 1582, the year sometimes had to be double dated because of the different beginnings of the year in various countries. January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. ...
Adoption outside of Roman Catholic nations Very few countries implemented the new calendar on 15 October 1582 — only Spain, Portugal, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and most of Italy. Non-Catholic countries objected to adopting a Catholic invention. England, Scotland and thereby the rest of the British Empire (including the eastern part of what is now the United States) did not adopt it until 1752, by which time it was necessary to correct by eleven days (2 September 1752 being followed by 14 September 1752) to account for 29 February 1700 (Julian). Four years later, someone running for a seat in Parliament used the campaign slogan "Give us back our eleven days!", which created false stories of riots at the change-over. Britain legislated special provisions to make sure that monthly or yearly payments would not become due until the dates that they originally would have in the Julian calendar. From 1753 until 1799, the tax year in Britain began on 5 April, which was the "old style" new year of 25 March. A 12th skipped Julian leap day in 1800 changed its start to 6 April. It was not changed when a 13th Julian leap day was skipped in 1900, so the tax year in Britain is still 6 April. "Old Style" (OS) and "New Style" (NS) are sometimes added to dates to identify which system is used in the British Empire and other countries that did not immediately change. October 15 is the 288th day of the year (289th in Leap years). ...
Events January 15 - Russia cedes Livonia and Estonia to Poland February 24 - Pope Gregory XIII implements the Gregorian Calendar. ...
Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...
Royal motto (French): Dieu et mon droit (Translated: God and my right) Englands location within the British Isles Languages English (de facto) Capital London de facto Largest city London Area – Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 km² Population – Total (mid-2004) – Total (2001 Census) – Density Ranked 1st UK 50. ...
Royal motto: Nemo me impune lacessit (English: No one provokes me with impunity) Scotlands location within the United Kingdom Languages English, Gaelic, Scots Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow First Minister Jack McConnell Area - Total - % water Ranked 2nd UK 78,782 km² 1. ...
The British Empire was, at one time, the foremost global power, and the most extensive empire in the history of the world. ...
September 2 is the 245th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (246th in leap years). ...
1752 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...
September 14 is the 257th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (258th in leap years). ...
1752 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...
February 29 is the 60th day of a leap year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 306 days remaining. ...
Events January 1 - Russia accepts Julian calendar. ...
The Houses of Parliament, seen over Westminster Bridge The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the supreme legislative institution in the United Kingdom and British overseas territories (it alone has parliamentary sovereignty). ...
April 5 is the 95th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (96th in leap years). ...
March 25 is the 84th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (85th in leap years). ...
April 6 is the 96th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (97th in leap years). ...
April 6 is the 96th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (97th in leap years). ...
In Britain and countries of the British Empire, Old Style or O.S. after a date means that the date is in the Julian calendar, in use in those countries until 1752; New Style or N.S. means that the date is in the Gregorian calendar, adopted on 14 September...
In Britain and countries of the British Empire, Old Style or O.S. after a date means that the date is in the Julian calendar, in use in those countries until 1752; New Style or N.S. means that the date is in the Gregorian calendar, adopted on 14 September...
The British Empire was, at one time, the foremost global power, and the most extensive empire in the history of the world. ...
In Alaska, the change took place when Friday 6 October 1867 was followed again by Friday 18 October after the US purchase of Alaska from Russia, which was still on the Julian calendar. The day of the week was repeated on successive days because the International Date Line was shifted from east of to west of Alaska along with the change to the Gregorian calendar. Official language(s) English Capital Juneau Largest city Anchorage Area - Total - Width - Length - % water - Latitude - Longitude Ranked 1st 663,267 mi² / 1 717 854 km² 808 mi / 1300 km 1,479 mi / 2380 km 13. ...
October 6 is the 279th day of the year (280th in Leap years). ...
1867 (MDCCCLXVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...
October 18 is the 291st day of the year (292nd in Leap years). ...
The International Date Line around 180° The International Date Line is an imaginary line on the surface of the Earth, which offsets the hours that are added or subtracted as one travels east or west through successive time zones. ...
Denmark, Norway and the Protestant states of Germany adopted the solar portion of the new calendar in 1700, due to the influence of Ole Rømer, but did not adopt the lunar portion. Instead, they decided to calculate the date of Easter astronomically using the instant of the vernal equinox and the full moon according to Kepler's Rudolphine Tables of 1627. They finally adopted the lunar portion of the Gregorian calendar in 1776. Ole Rømer. ...
Johannes Kepler Johannes Kepler (December 27, 1571 – November 15, 1630), a key figure in the scientific revolution, was a German mathematician, astrologer, and astronomer. ...
Sweden's relationship with the Gregorian Calendar had a difficult birth. Sweden started to make the change from the OS calendar and towards the NS calendar in 1700, but it was decided to make the (now 11 day) adjustment gradually, by excluding the leap days (29 February) from each of 11 successive leap years, 1700 to 1740. In the meantime, not only would the Swedish calendar be out of step with both the Julian calendar and the Gregorian calendar for 40 years, but also the difference would not be static but would change every 4 years. This strange system clearly had great potential for endless confusion when working out the dates of Swedish events in this 40 year period. To make matters worse, the system was poorly administered and the leap days that should have been excluded from 1704 and 1708 were not excluded. The Swedish calendar should by now have been 8 days behind the Gregorian, but it was still in fact 10 days behind. King Charles XII wisely recognised that the gradual change to the new system was not working and he abandoned it. However, rather than now proceeding directly to the Gregorian calendar (as in hindsight seems to have been the sensible and obvious thing to do), it was decided to revert to the Julian calendar. This was achieved by introducing the unique date 30 February in the year 1712, adjusting the discrepancy in the calendars from 10 back to 11 days. Sweden finally adopted the Gregorian calendar in 1753, when 17 February was followed by 1 March. February 29 is the 60th day of a leap year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 306 days remaining. ...
Carl XII, Karl XII or Carolus Rex, (June 17, 1682 – November 30, 1718), the Alexander of the North, nicknamed in Turkish as Demirbaş Şarl (Charles the Habitué), was a King of Sweden from 1697 until his death in 1718. ...
Swedish calendar February 1712 Under the Gregorian calendar, February contains 28 or 29 days. ...
February 17 is the 48th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
March 1 is the 60th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (61st in leap years). ...
In Russia the Gregorian calendar was accepted after the October Revolution (so named because it took place in October 1917 in the Julian calendar). On 24 January 1918 the Council of People's Commissars decreed that 31 January 1918 was to be followed by 14 February 1918. The October Revolution, also known as the Bolshevik Revolution, was the second phase of the Russian Revolution of 1917, the first having been instigated by the events around the February Revolution. ...
January 24 is the 24th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ...
This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...
January 31 is the 31st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ...
February 14 is the 45th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ...
1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ...
The last country of Eastern Europe to adopt the Gregorian calendar was Greece in 1923. However, these were all civil adoptions — none of the national churches accepted it. Instead, a Revised Julian calendar was proposed in May 1923 which dropped 13 days in 1923 and adopted a different leap year rule that resulted in no difference between the two calendars until 2800. The Orthodox churches of Greece, Bulgaria, Romania, Poland, and a few others around the Eastern Mediterranean (Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, and Cyprus) adopted the Revised Julian calendar, so these New calendarists will celebrate the Nativity along with the Western churches on 25 December in the Gregorian calendar until 2800. The Orthodox churches of Russia, Serbia, Jerusalem, and a few bishops in Greece did not accept the Revised Julian calendar. These Old Calendarists continue to celebrate the Nativity on 25 December in the Julian calendar, which is 7 January in the Gregorian calendar until 2100. All of the other Eastern churches that are not Orthodox churches, like the Coptic, Ethiopic, Nestorian, Jacobite, and Armenian, continue to use their own calendars, which usually result in fixed dates being celebrated in accordance with the Julian calendar. All Eastern churches continue to use the Julian Easter with the sole exception of the Finnish Orthodox Church, which has adopted the Gregorian Easter. The Revised Julian calendar is a calendar that was considered for adoption by the Eastern Orthodox churches at a synod in Istanbul in May 1923. ...
The New calendarists are those Eastern Orthodox Churches that adopted the Revised Julian calendar, namely the Greek and Syrian Orthodox Churches and some others. ...
December 25 is the 359th day of the year (360th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 6 days remaining. ...
The Old calendarists are those Eastern Orthodox Churches that continue to use the Julian calendar, namely the Russian and Serbian Orthodox Churches and some others. ...
December 25 is the 359th day of the year (360th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 6 days remaining. ...
January 7 is the seventh day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
The Finnish Orthodox Church is the second official national church of Finland, beside the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland. ...
The Republic of China formally adopted the Gregorian calendar at its founding on 1 January 1912, but China soon descended into a period of warlordism with different warlords using different calendars. With the unification of China under the Kuomintang in October 1928, the Nationalist Government decreed that effective 1 January 1929 the Gregorian calendar would be used henceforth. However, China retained the Chinese traditions of numbering the months and a modified Era System, backdating the first year of the ROC to 1912; this system is still in use in Taiwan where this ROC government retains control. Upon its foundation in 1949, the People's Republic of China continued to use the Gregorian calendar with numbered months, but abolished the ROC Era System and adopted the Western fashion of naming years. National motto: None Official language Mandarin Chinese Capital and largest city Taipei President Chen Shui-bian Vice President Annette Lu Premier Su Tseng-chang Area - Total - % water Ranked 138th 35,980 km² 2. ...
January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. ...
1912 (MCMXII) was a leap year starting on Monday in the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday in the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ...
The Northern Expedition (北ä¼) was a military campaign led by the Kuomintang (Chinese Nationalist Party) and the Communist Party of China from 1926 to 1927. ...
The Chinese Nationalist Party (Traditional Chinese: ä¸åœ‹åœ‹æ°‘黨; Simplified Chinese: ä¸å›½å›½æ°‘å…š; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chung1-kuo2 Kuo2-min2-tang3; Tongyong Pinyin: JhÅngguó GuómÃndÇŽng), commonly known as the Kuomintang (KMT), is a conservative political party currently active in the Republic of China (ROC) on Taiwan. ...
The Republic of China (Traditional Chinese: ä¸è¯æ°‘國; Pinyin: ZhÅng huá mÃn guó) succeeded the Qing Dynasty in 1912, ending 2,000 years of imperial rule. ...
January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. ...
1929 (MCMXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Chinese era name. ...
Japan replaced the traditional lunisolar calendar with the Gregorian calendar on 1 January 1873, but, like China, continued to number the months, and used reign names instead of the Common Era: Meiji 1=1868, Taisho 1=1912, Showa 1=1926, Heisei 1=1989, and so on. This system remains in use. The "western calendar" (西暦, seireki) is nonetheless widely accepted by civilians and to a less extent by government agencies. January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. ...
1873 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calaber). ...
The Common Era (CE), also known as the Christian Era and sometimes the Current Era, is the period of measured time beginning with the year 1 until the present. ...
Timeline
Proleptic Gregorian calendar The Gregorian calendar can, for certain purposes, be extended backwards to dates preceding its official introduction, producing the proleptic Gregorian Calendar. However, this proleptic calendar should be used with great caution. The proleptic Gregorian calendar is produced by extending the Gregorian Calendar to dates preceding its official introduction in 1582. ...
For ordinary purposes, the dates of events occurring prior to 15 October 1582 are generally shown as they appeared in the Julian calendar, and not converted into their Gregorian equivalents. October 15 is the 288th day of the year (289th in Leap years). ...
Events January 15 - Russia cedes Livonia and Estonia to Poland February 24 - Pope Gregory XIII implements the Gregorian Calendar. ...
However, events occurring in countries where the Gregorian calendar was introduced later than 4 October 1582 are a little more contentious. For example, in Britain and its overseas possessions (then including the American colonies), the new calendar was not introduced until 14 September 1752. How, then, would people date events occurring in Britain and her possessions in the 170 years between 1582 and 1752? The answer depends very much on the context, but writers who want to avoid confusion make it absolutely clear which calendar is being used. People have avoided changing historical records in Britain deriving from this period; however, it is often highly desirable to translate particular Old Style dates into their New Style equivalents, such as where the context includes reference to other countries that had already converted to New Style before Britain did. Astronomers avoid this ambiguity by the use of the Julian day number. October 4 is the 277th day of the year (278th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ...
Events January 15 - Russia cedes Livonia and Estonia to Poland February 24 - Pope Gregory XIII implements the Gregorian Calendar. ...
September 14 is the 257th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (258th in leap years). ...
1752 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...
In Britain and countries of the British Empire, Old Style or O.S. after a date means that the date is in the Julian calendar, in use in those countries until 1752; New Style or N.S. means that the date is in the Gregorian calendar, adopted on 14 September...
In Britain and countries of the British Empire, Old Style or O.S. after a date means that the date is in the Julian calendar, in use in those countries until 1752; New Style or N.S. means that the date is in the Gregorian calendar, adopted on 14 September...
The Julian day or Julian day number (JDN) is the number of days that have elapsed since 12 noon Greenwich Mean Time (UT or TT) on Monday, January 1, 4713 BC (in the proleptic Julian calendar; or November 24, 4714 BC in the proleptic Gregorian calendar). ...
If comparisons of dates are done using different calendars, we can encounter logical absurdities such as William and Mary of Orange seeming to arrive in London to accept the English crown, a week or so before they left the Netherlands; and Shakespeare and Cervantes apparently dying on exactly the same date (23 April 1616), when in fact Cervantes predeceased Shakespeare by 10 days in real time. This coincidence however has allowed UNESCO to make 23 April the International Day of the Book. The phrase William and Mary usually refers to the joint sovereignty over the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland of King William III and his wife Queen Mary II. Their joint reign began in February, 1689, when they were called to the throne by Parliament, replacing James II...
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April 23 is the 113th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (114th in leap years). ...
Events October 25 — Dirk Hartog makes the second recorded landfall by a European on Australian soil, at an island off the Western Australian coast Pocahontas arrives in England War between Venice and Austria Collegium Musicum founded in Prague Nicolaus Copernicus De revolutionibus is placed on the Index of Forbidden Books...
UNESCO logo The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, commonly known as UNESCO, is a specialized agency of the United Nations established in 1945. ...
April 23 is the 113th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (114th in leap years). ...
World Book and Copyright Day (also known as International Day of the Book or World Book Day) is a yearly event organised by UNESCO to promote reading, publishing and the protection of intellectual property through copyright. ...
For dates before the year 1, unlike the proleptic Gregorian calendar used in the international standard ISO 8601, the traditional proleptic Gregorian calendar (like the Julian calendar) does not have a year 0 and instead uses the counting numbers 1, 2, … both for years AD and BC and for CE and BCE. Thus the traditional timeline is 2 BC, 1 BC, AD 1, and AD 2. ISO 8601 uses astronomical year numbering which includes a year 0 and negative numbers before it. Thus the ISO 8601 timeline is -0001, 0000, 0001, and 0002. Standards are produced by many organizations, some for internal usage only, others for use by a groups of people, groups of companies, or a subsection of an industry. ...
ISO 8601 is an international standard for date and time representations. ...
A year zero does not exist in the Christian Era and thus also does not currently exist in the calculation of times in most cultures. ...
Astronomical year numbering is another method of designating BC/AD years. ...
Confusion with British versus American usage Dates of events in Britain prior to 1752 are usually now shown in their original Old Style form, whereas dates of events in (then British) America prior to 1752 are usually now shown in the New Style form. - For example, Shakespeare died on 23 April (OS), and it is rare to see this converted to 3 May (NS). But while George Washington was born on 11 February (OS), his birthday is now celebrated on 22 February (NS). (He changed its celebration date himself, as a twenty one year old surveyor.)
However, neither of these practices is universal in either country, so it is sometimes very unclear which calendar is being used, and this can lead to false assumptions, which can lead to dates being inaccurately converted from one calendar to the other. Since the resurgence of interest in the history of the calendar, more information about the real dates (according to various calendars) of events has been forthcoming and many previous errors have been corrected. While these changes are welcome, there is still much scope for confusion; therefore, noting the calendar being used in transitional periods would help the reader understand the dates involved. April 23 is the 113th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (114th in leap years). ...
May 3 is the 123rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (124th in leap years). ...
George Washington (February 22, 1732 – December 14, 1799) was the successful Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War from 1775 to 1783, and later became the first President of the United States, an office to which he was elected, unanimously, twice and remained in from...
February 11 is the 42nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ...
February 22 is the 53rd day of every year in the Gregorian Calendar. ...
Difference between Gregorian and Julian calendar dates Since the introduction of the Gregorian calendar, the difference between Gregorian (New Style) and Julian (Old Style) calendar dates has increased as follows: The difference grows by 3 days in every four centuries. October 15 is the 288th day of the year (289th in Leap years). ...
Events January 15 - Russia cedes Livonia and Estonia to Poland February 24 - Pope Gregory XIII implements the Gregorian Calendar. ...
February 28 is the 59th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Events January 1 - Russia accepts Julian calendar. ...
October 5 is the 278th day of the year (279th in Leap years). ...
Events January 15 - Russia cedes Livonia and Estonia to Poland February 24 - Pope Gregory XIII implements the Gregorian Calendar. ...
February 18 is the 49th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ...
Events January 1 - Russia accepts Julian calendar. ...
March 1 is the 60th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (61st in leap years). ...
Events January 1 - Russia accepts Julian calendar. ...
February 28 is the 59th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
1800 (MDCCC) was an common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...
February 19 is the 50th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ...
Events January 1 - Russia accepts Julian calendar. ...
February 17 is the 48th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
1800 (MDCCC) was an common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...
March 1 is the 60th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (61st in leap years). ...
1800 (MDCCC) was an common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...
February 28 is the 59th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
1900 (MCM) was an exceptional common year starting on Monday. ...
February 18 is the 49th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ...
1800 (MDCCC) was an common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...
February 16 is the 47th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ...
1900 (MCM) was an exceptional common year starting on Monday. ...
March 1 is the 60th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (61st in leap years). ...
1900 (MCM) was an exceptional common year starting on Monday. ...
February 28 is the 59th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
2100 is the last year of the 21st century. ...
February 17 is the 48th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
1900 (MCM) was an exceptional common year starting on Monday. ...
February 15 is the 46th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ...
2100 is the last year of the 21st century. ...
On average, 48,700 Gregorian years and 48,699 Julian years each equal 17,787,309.75 days. Any 194,800 consecutive Gregorian years and any consecutive 194,796 Julian years each have exactly 71,149,239 days. Approximately every 487 centuries, there is a period during which the difference between the calendars is approximately an integral number of years and the day of the year can be the same on both calendars. Every fourth one of these is a period that occurs exactly every 71,149,239 days (194,800 Gregorian years or 194,796 Julian years) and lasts 36,524 days (100 years on Gregorian calendar, and 99 years, 365 days on the Julian calendar), during which the difference between the calendars is an integral multiple of 1,461 days (four years) and the month and day of the month (but not the year) are the same on both calendars for the entire period. The remainder are periods of several centuries each, during which the day of the year coincides for approximately 25-75% of the months in each century.
Months of the year The Gregorian calendar's year is divided into 12 months: English speakers sometimes remember the number of days in each month by the use of the traditional mnemonic verse: Thirty days hath September / April, June and November / All the rest have thirty-one / Excepting February alone / Which has but twenty-eight, in fine / Till leap year gives it twenty-nine. Alternate endings are: Which has eight and a score / Until leap year gives it one day more, or Which hath twenty-eight days clear / And twenty-nine in each leap year. or When short February's done / all the rest have thirty-one Look up January in Wiktionary, the free dictionary January is the first month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of seven Gregorian months with the length of 31 days. ...
Look up February in Wiktionary, the free dictionary February is the second month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ...
Look up March in Wiktionary, the free dictionary March is the third month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of seven Gregorian months with the length of 31 days. ...
Look up April in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Look up May in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Look up June in Wiktionary, the free dictionary June is the sixth month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with a length of 30 days The month is named after the Roman goddess Juno, wife of Jupiter and equivalent to the Greek goddess Hera. ...
Look up July in Wiktionary, the free dictionary July is the seventh month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of seven Gregorian months with the length of 31 days. ...
August is the eighth month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of seven Gregorian months with the length of 31 days. ...
Look up September in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Look up October in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Look up November in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Look up December in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
A mnemonic (pronounced in American English, in British English) is a memory aid. ...
A language-independent alternative is to hold up your two fists with the index knuckle of your left hand against the index knuckle of your right hand. Then, starting with January from the little knuckle of your left hand, count knuckle, space, knuckle, space through the months. A knuckle represents a month of 31 days, and a space represents a short month (a 28- or 29-day February or any 30-day month).
Accuracy The Gregorian calendar improves the approximation made by the Julian calendar by skipping three Julian leap days in every 400 years, giving an average year of 365.2425 mean solar days long, which has an error of about one day per 3300 years with respect to the mean tropical year of 365.24219 days but less than half this error with respect to the vernal equinox year of 365.24237 days. Both are substantially more accurate than the one day in 128 years error of the Julian calendar (average year 365.25 days). The Julian calendar was introduced in 46 BC by Julius Caesar and took force in 45 BC (709 ab urbe condita). ...
Solar time is based on the idea that when the sun reaches its highest point in the sky, it is noon. ...
A day (symbol: d) is a unit of time equal to 24 hours. ...
A year is the time between two recurrences of an event related to the orbit of the Earth around the Sun. ...
A tropical year is the length of time that the Sun, as viewed from the Earth, takes to return to the same position along the ecliptic (its path among the stars on the celestial sphere). ...
A tropical year is the length of time that the Sun, as viewed from the Earth, takes to return to the same position along the ecliptic (its path among the stars on the celestial sphere). ...
On timescales of thousands of years, the Gregorian calendar falls behind the seasons drastically because the slowing down of the Earth's rotation makes each day slightly longer over time (see tidal acceleration and leap second) while the year maintains a more uniform duration. The equinox will occur earlier than now by a number of days approximately equal to [years into future/5000]2. This is a problem that the Gregorian calendar shares with any rule-based calendar. The tidal acceleration of the Moon is a peculiar effect in the dynamics of the Earth-Moon system, that has important long-term consequences for the orbit of the Moon and the rotation of the Earth. ...
A leap second is a one-second adjustment to civil time in order to keep it close to the mean solar time. ...
Calendar seasonal error
 Seasonal error of Gregorian calendar Originally created by Tom Ruen, 2003, using MSExcel graph, labeled with MSPaint Converted from Image:Gregoriancalendarleap. ...
This image shows the difference between the Gregorian calendar and the seasons.
The y-axis is "days error" and the x-axis is Gregorian calendar years.
Each point represents a single date on a given year. The error shifts by about a quarter of a day per year. Years that are multiples of 100 but not 400 are not leap years. This causes a correction on years 1700, 1800, 1900, 2100, 2200, and 2300.
For instance, these corrections cause 23 December 1903 to be the latest December solstice, and 20 December 2096 to be the earliest solstice—2.25 days of variation compared with the seasonal event. December 23 is the 357th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (358th in leap years). ...
1903 (MCMIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...
December 20 is the 354th day of the year (355th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
2096 has the earliest occurring equinox and solstice dates in the Gregorian calendar in 400 years. ...
Numerical facts When leap years and common years are taken into account, there are a total of 14 possible Gregorian calendars.
When different dates of Easter are also taken into account, there are a total of 70 possible Gregorian calendars.
An average year is 365.2425 days = 52.1775 weeks = 8,765.82 hours = 525,949.2 minutes = 31,556,952 seconds.
A common year is 365 days = 8,760 hours = 525,600 minutes = 31,536,000 seconds.
A leap year is 366 days = 8,784 hours = 527,040 minutes = 31,622,400 seconds.
(Some years may also contain a leap second, which can be positive or negative.) A leap second is a one-second adjustment to civil time in order to keep it close to the mean solar time. ...
See also common year starting on Sunday and dominical letter. This is the calendar for any common year starting on Sunday (dominical letter A). ...
The days of the year are sometimes designated letters A, B, C, D, E, F and G in a cycle of 7 as an aid for finding the day of week of a given calendar date and in calculating Easter. ...
The 400-year cycle of the Gregorian calendar has 146,097 days and hence exactly 20,871 weeks. So, for example, the days of the week in Gregorian 1603 were exactly the same as for 2003. This also causes more months to begin on a Sunday (and hence have Friday 13) than any other day of the week. 688 out of every 4800 months (or 172/1200) begin on a Sunday, while only 684 out of every 4800 months (171/1200) begin on each of Saturday and Monday, the least common cases. There is also a series of Friday the 13th movies, and a TV series called Friday the 13th: The Series. ...
A smaller cycle is 28 years (1,461 weeks), provided that there is no dropped leap year in between. Days of the week in years may also repeat after 6, 11, 12, 28 or 40 years. Intervals of 6 and 11 are only possible with common years, while intervals of 28 and 40 are only possible with leap years. An interval of 12 years can occur with either type, but only when there is a dropped leap year in between.
The Doomsday algorithm is a method by which you can discern which of the 14 calendar variations should be used in any given year (after the Gregorian reformation). It is based on the last day in February, referred to as the Doomsday. The Doomsday algorithm is a way of calculating the day of the week of a given date. ...
Number of leap years starting on a given day of the week Because there are 97 leap years in every 400 in the Gregorian Calendar, there should, in each "cycle", be either 13 or 14 leap years starting on each day of the week. However, the effects of the "common" centennial years (1700, 1800, 1900, 2100, 2200 etc.) cause major alterations.
This is because the absence of an extra day in such years causes the following leap year (1704, 1804, 1904, 2104 etc.) to start on the same day of the week as the leap year twelve years before (1692, 1792, 1892, 2092 etc.). Similarly, the leap year eight years after a "common" centennial year (1708, 1808, 1908, 2108 etc.) starts on the same day of the week as the leap year immediately prior to the "common" centennial year (1696, 1796, 1896, 2096 etc.). Thus, those days of the week on which such leap years begin gain an extra year or two in each cycle. In each cycle there are:
This is a calendar for a leap year starting on Monday (dominical letter GF). ...
This is the calendar for a leap year starting on Tuesday (dominical letter FE) January February March Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 1 6 7 8 9...
This is the calendar for any leap year starting on Wednesday (dominical letter ED), e. ...
This is a calendar for any leap year starting on Thursday (dominical letter DC), e. ...
This is the calendar for any leap year starting on a Friday (dominical letter CB). ...
Here is the calendar for any leap year starting on Saturday (dominical letter BA), e. ...
Here is a calendar for any leap year starting on Sunday (dominical letter AG). ...
Days of the week January 1 of any year whose number is a multiple of 400 is a Saturday. From this you can work out the day of the week of any date. January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. ...
Saturday is the seventh (sixth in some countries) day of the week, between Friday and Sunday. ...
See also:
In English the days of the week are: Monday; Tuesday; Wednesday; Thursday; Friday; Saturday; Sunday. ...
This article details a mathematical algorithm to calculate the day of the week for any particular date in the past or future. ...
Reference
See also A year zero does not exist in the Christian Era and thus also does not currently exist in the calculation of times in most cultures. ...
// In current use 53-week calendar Astronomical year numbering Bahai calendar Bengali calendar Buddhist calendar Chinese calendar Coptic calendar Discordian calendar Ethiopian calendar Fiscal year Gregorian calendar Hebrew calendar Hindu calendars Indonesian calendars Iranian calendar Irish calendar Islamic calendar ISO 8601 ISO Week-Date calendar Revised Julian calendar Japanese calendar...
Various reforms to the Gregorian calendar currently used by most of the world have been proposed. ...
In Britain and countries of the British Empire, Old Style or O.S. after a date means that the date is in the Julian calendar, in use in those countries until 1752; New Style or N.S. means that the date is in the Gregorian calendar, adopted on 14 September...
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