Gregory Benford (born January 30, 1941 in Mobile, Alabama) is an American science fiction author and physicist who is on the faculty of the Department of Physics and Astronomy at the University of California, Irvine. January 30 is the 30th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the movie, see 1941 (film). ... Nickname: The Azalea City Coordinates: Country US State Alabama County Mobile Founded 1702 Incorporated 1814 Government  - Mayor Sam Jones Area  - City 412. ... Note that this partial list contains some authors whose works of fantastic fiction would today be called science fiction, even if they predate, or did not work in that genre. ... ... The University of California, Irvine is a public research university primarily situated in suburban Irvine, California; a significant portion of the campus falls into the neighboring community of Newport Beach. ...

As a science fiction author, Benford is best known for the Galactic Center Saga novels, beginning with In the Ocean of Night (1977). This series postulates a galaxy in which sentient organic life is in constant warfare with sentient mechanical life. The Galactic Center Saga is a series of books by author Gregory Benford detailing a galactic war between mechanical and biological life. ... NGC 4414, a typical spiral galaxy in the constellation Coma Berenices, is about 17,000 parsecs in diameter and approximately 20 million parsecs distant. ...

Biography

Benford received a Bachelor of Science in physics in 1963 from University of Oklahoma in Norman, Oklahoma, followed by a Master of Science from the University of California, San Diego in 1965, and a doctorate there in 1967. That same year he married Joan Abbe. A Bachelor of Science (B.S., B.Sc. ... Physics (Greek: (phúsis), nature and (phusiké), knowledge of nature) is the science concerned with the fundamental laws of the universe. ... University of Oklahoma, abbreviated OU, is a coeducational public research university located in the U.S. state of Oklahoma founded in 1890. ... Bizzell Library, University of Oklahoma Norman, Oklahoma USA, the home of the University of Oklahoma, is the county seat and largest city in Cleveland County in the U.S. state of Oklahoma, and is part of the Oklahoma City Metropolitan Statistical Area. ... A masters degree is an academic degree usually awarded for completion of a postgraduate course of one or two years in duration. ... The University of California, San Diego (popularly known as UCSD, or sometimes UC San Diego) is a public, coeducational university located in La Jolla, California. ...

Benford has an identical twin brother, Jim Benford, with whom he has collaborated on science fiction stories. Both got their start in SF fandom, with Gregory co-editor of the science fiction fanzine Void. Fandom (from the noun fan and the affix -dom, as in kingdom, dukedom, etc. ... A science fiction fanzine is an amateur or semi-professional magazine published by members of science fiction fandom, from the 1930s to the present day. ... Void is a major science fiction fanzine edited by Greg Benford. ...

Writing career

Gregory Benford's first professional sale was the story "Stand-In" in Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction (June 1965). In 1969, he began writing a regular science column for Amazing Stories. F&SF April 1971, special Poul Anderson issue. ... Amazing Stories magazine, sometimes retitled Amazing Science Fiction, began in April 1926, becoming the first science fiction magazine and one of the pioneers of science fiction in the United States. ...

Benford tends to write hard science fiction which incorporates the research he is doing as a practical scientist. He has worked on several collaborations with authors including William Rotsler, David Brin and Gordon Eklund. His time-travel novel Timescape (1980) won both the Nebula Award and the John W. Campbell Memorial Award. A scientific procedural, the novel eventually loaned its title to a line of science fiction published by Pocket Books. In the late 1990s, he wrote Foundation's Fear, one of an authorized sequel trilogy to Isaac Asimov's Foundation series. Other novels published in that period include several near-future science thrillers: Cosm (1998), The Martian Race (1999) and Eater (2000). Hard science fiction, or hard SF, is a category of science fiction characterized by an emphasis on scientific or technical detail, or on scientific accuracy, or on both. ... William Bill Rotsler (July 3, 1926 - October 8, 1997) was an American author of several science fiction novels and short stories; television and film novelizations; and a number of non-fiction works on a variety of topics, ranging from Star Trek to pornography. ... Glen David Brin, Ph. ... Gordon Eklund (born July 24, 1945, Seattle, Washington) is a Nebula Award-winning, American science fiction author whose works include the Lord Tedric series and two of the earliest original novels based on the 1960s Star Trek TV series. ... For the Star Trek: The Next Generation episode, see Timescape (Star Trek). ... The Nebula is an award given each year by the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America (SFWA), for the best science fiction/fantasy fiction published in the United States during the two previous years (see rolling eligibility below). ... The John W. Campbell Memorial Award for Best Science Fiction Novel has been awarded every year since 1973, except in 1994. ... A Procedural is a cross-genre type of literature, film, or television program involving a sequence of technical detail. ... Pocket Books is the name of a subdivision of Simon & Schuster publishers. ... Foundations Fear (1997) is a science fiction novel by Gregory Benford, set in Isaac Asimovs Foundation universe. ... Isaac Asimov (January 2?, 1920? – April 6, 1992, IPA: , originally Исаак Озимов but now transcribed into Russian as Айзек Азимов) was a Russian-born American author and professor of biochemistry, a highly successful and exceptionally prolific writer best known for his works of science fiction and for his popular science books. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Eater is a hard science fiction novel written by UC- Irvine physics professor Gregory Benford. ...

Benford has also served as an editor of numerous alternate history anthologies as well as collections of Hugo Award winners. Alternate history (fiction) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... The 2005 Hugo Award with base designed by Deb Kosiba. ...

He has been nominated for four Hugo Awards (for two short stories and two novellas) and 12 Nebula Awards (in all categories). In addition to Timescape, he won the Nebula for the novelette "If the Stars Are Gods" (with Eklund). The 2005 Hugo Award with base designed by Deb Kosiba. ... The Nebula is an award given each year by the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America (SFWA), for the best science fiction/fantasy fiction published in the United States during the two previous years (see rolling eligibility below). ...

Benford was a guest of honour at Aussiecon Three, the 1999 Worldcon. Aussiecon Three was the 57th World Science Fiction Convention, held in Melbourne, Australia on September 2-6, 1999. ... 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ... It has been suggested that World Science Fiction Society be merged into this article or section. ...

Contributions to science and speculative science

In addition to establishing Benford's Law of Controversy, Benford claims to have created and written about the first computer virus in the late 1960s. Benfords law of controversy, as established by science fiction author Gregory Benford in 1980, is Passion is inversely proportional to the amount of real information available. ... A computer virus is a computer program that can copy itself and infect a computer without permission or knowledge of the user. ...

In 2004, Benford proposed that the harmful effects of global warming could be reduced by the construction of a rotating Fresnel lens 1000 kilometres across, floating in space at the Lagrangian point L1. According to Benford, this lens would diffuse the light from the Sun and reduce the solar energy reaching the Earth by approximately 0.5% to 1%. He estimated that this would cost around $10 billion. His plan has been commented on in a variety of forums.^[1] This plan, or a similar one, was proposed in 1989 by J. T. Early,^[2] and again in 1997 by Edward Teller, Lowell Wood, and Roderick Hyde.^[3] In 2006, Benford pointed out one possible danger in this approach: if this lens were built and global warming were avoided, there would be less incentive to reduce greenhouse gases, and humans might continue to produce too much carbon dioxide until it caused some other environmental catastrophe, such as a chemical change in ocean water that could be disastrous to ocean life.^[4] Global mean surface temperatures 1850 to 2006 Mean surface temperature anomalies during the period 1995 to 2004 with respect to the average temperatures from 1940 to 1980 Global warming is the observed increase in the average temperature of the Earths atmosphere and oceans in recent decades and the projected... Fresnel Lens displayed in the Musée national de la marine in Paris, France A Fresnel lens is a type of lens invented by Augustin-Jean Fresnel (pronounced fre-NELL in scientific and lighting applications, although often incorrectly pronounced FREZ-nell). ... km redirects here. ... A contour plot of the effective potential (the Hills Surfaces) of a two-body system (the Sun and Earth here), showing the five Lagrange points. ... The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System. ... ISO 4217 Code USD User(s) the United States, the British Indian Ocean Territory,[1] the British Virgin Islands, Cambodia, East Timor, Ecuador, El Salvador, the Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Panama, Turks and Caicos Islands, and the insular areas of the United States Inflation 2. ... One thousand million (1,000,000,000) is the natural number following 999,999,999 and preceding 1,000,000,001. ... Edward Teller (original Hungarian name Teller Ede) (January 15, 1908 – September 9, 2003) was a Jewish Hungarian-American theoretical physicist, known colloquially as the father of the hydrogen bomb. ... Marine biology is the scientific study of the plants, animals and other organisms that live in the ocean or any other body of water. ...

Benford serves on the board of directors and the steering committee of the Mars Society. Mars Society logo. ...

Bibliography

Series

Galactic Center Saga The Galactic Center Saga is a series of books by author Gregory Benford detailing a galactic war between mechanical and biological life. ...

• In the Ocean of Night (1976)
• Across the Sea of Suns (1984)
• Great Sky River (1987)
• Tides of Light (1989)
• Furious Gulf (1994)
• Sailing Bright Eternity (1995)

Jupiter Project In the Ocean of Night is a hard science fiction novel by Gregory Benford. ... Across the Sea of Suns is a 1983 hard science fiction novel by Gregory Benford. ...

• Jupiter Project (1975)
• Against Infinity (1983)

Man-Kzin Wars (with Larry Niven) The Kzin (plural Kzinti) are a fictional, very warlike and bloodthirsty race of felinoid aliens in Larry Nivens Known Space series. ... Laurence van Cott Niven (born April 30, 1938 Los Angeles, California) is a US science fiction author. ...

• Man-Kzin Wars VI (1994)

Second Foundation This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

• Foundation's Fear (1997)

Foundations Fear (1997) is a science fiction novel by Gregory Benford, set in Isaac Asimovs Foundation universe. ...

Anthologies edited

• Hitler Victorious: Eleven Stories of the German Victory in World War II (1986), with Martin H. Greenberg
• Nuclear War (1988), with Martin H Greenberg
• Far Futures (1995)
• The New Hugo Winners Volume IV (1997), with Martin H. Greenberg
• Nebula Awards Showcase 2000 (2000)
• Microcosms (2004)

Martin H. Greenberg (born 1941) is a prolific American speculative fiction anthologist, not to be confused with anthologist Martin Greenberg (born 1918). ...

Alternate histories

• Alternate Empires (1989) (with Martin H. Greenberg)
• Alternate Heroes (1989)
• Alternate Wars (1991)
• Alternate Americas (1992) (with Martin H. Greenberg)

Non-fiction

• Habitats in Space (1998)
• Deep Time: How Humanity Communicates Across Millennia (1999)
• Skylife: Visions of Our Homes in Space (2000, with George Zebrowsk)
• Skylife: Space Habitats in Story and Science (2000, with George Zebrowski)
• Beyond Human: The New World of Cyborgs and Androids (2001)

Non-series Novels

• Deeper Than the Darkness (a.k.a. The Stars in Shroud) (1970)
• If the Stars Are Gods (1977, with Gordon Eklund)
• Timescape (1980)
• Find the Changeling (1980, with Gordon Eklund)
• Shiva Descending (1980, with William Rotsler)
• Against Infinity (1983)
• Time's Rub (1984)
• Artifact (1985)
• Heart of the Comet (1986, with David Brin)
• Under the Wheel (1987)
• Iceborn (1989, with Paul A. Carter)
• Beyond the Fall of Night (1990, with Arthur C. Clarke)
• Chiller (1993, as Sterling Blake
• A Darker Geometry (1996, with Mark O. Martin)
• Cosm (1998)
• The Martian Race (1999)
• Eater (2000)
• Beyond Infinity (2003)
• Human Being (2003)
• The Sunborn (2005)

William Bill Rotsler (July 3, 1926 - October 8, 1997) was an American author of several science fiction novels and short stories; television and film novelizations; and a number of non-fiction works on a variety of topics, ranging from Star Trek to pornography. ... Heart of the Comet is a novel by David Brin and Gregory Benford, published in 1986. ... Sir Arthur Charles Clarke (born December 16, 1917) is a British science-fiction author and inventor, most famous for his novel 2001: A Space Odyssey, and for collaborating with director Stanley Kubrick on the film of the same name. ...

Short-story collections

• In Alien Flesh (1986)
• Matter's End (1990)
• Amazing Stories No 7 (1992, with J. R. Dunn, James Alan Gardner and Kim Mohan
• Worlds Vast and various' (1999)
• Immersion and other Short Novels (2002)
• Merlin (2004)

James Alan Gardner is a Canadian science fiction author. ...

Short stories

• "Stand-In"

The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction (June 1965)

• "Representative From Earth"

The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction (January 1966)

• "Flattop"

The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction (May 1966)

• "Deeper Than the Darkness"

The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction (April 1969)

Sociology Through Science Fiction (1974)

• "Sons of Man"

Amazing Stories (November 1969)

• "Nobody Lives on Burton Street"

Amazing Science Fiction (May 1970)

World's Best Science Fiction (1971)

Sociology Through Science Fiction (1974)

Inside Information (1977)

• "The Prince of New York"

Fantastic (June 1970)

• "3:02 p.m., Oxford"

If (September/October 1970)

• "The Movement"

Fantastic (October 1970)

• "Inalienable Rite"

Quark 1 (1970)

• "But the Secret Sits"

Galaxy Science Fiction (March 1971)

• "Star Crossing", with Donald Franson

If (March/April 1971)

• "Battleground", with Jim Benford

If (May/June 1971)

Guns of Darkness (1987)

• "West Wind, Falling", with Gordon Eklund

Universe 1 (1971)

• "And the Sea Like Mirrors"

Again, Dangerous Visions (1972)

Again, Dangerous Visions, Book 2 (1977)

Masterpieces of Science Fiction (1978)

• "In the Ocean of Night"

Worlds of If Science Fiction (May/Jun 1972)

In the Ocean of Night (1977)

• "Jupiter Project"

Amazing Stories (September 1972)

• "Icarus Descending"

The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction (April 1973)

In the Ocean of Night (1977)

• "Man in a Vice"

Amazing Science Fiction (February 1974)

• "Nobody Lives Around Here"

Vertex: The Magazine of Science Fiction (February 1974))

• "If the Stars Are Gods", with Gordon Eklund

Universe 4 (1974)

Best SF of the Year 4 (1975)

Nebula Award Stories 10 (1975)

The Science Fiction Hall of Fame, Volume IV (1986)

The Science Fiction Century (1997)

• "Threads of Time"

Threads of Time (1974)

In the Ocean of Night (1977)

• Doing Lennon

Analog Science Fiction/Science Fact (April 1975)

Best SF of the Year 5 (1976)

The Arbor House Treasury of Science Fiction Masterpieces (1983)

Light Years and Dark (1984)

In Alien Flesh (1986)

• Beyond Grayworld

Analog Science Fiction/Science Fact (September 1975)

• Cambridge, 1:58 A.M

Epoch (1975)

• John of the Apocalypse

Tomorrow Today (1975)

• White Creatures

New Dimensions 5 (1975)

In Alien Flesh (1986)

• How It All Went

Amazing Stories (March 1976)

100 Great Science Fiction Short Short Stories (1978)

• The Anvil of Jove, with Gordon Eklund

The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction (July 1976)

• Marauder!

Alien Worlds (1976)

• Seascape (aka Pebble Among the Stars)

Faster Than Light (1976)

The Crash of Empire (1989)

• What Did You Do Last Year?, with Gordon Eklund

Universe 6 (1976)

• Hellas is Florida, with Gordon Eklund

The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction (January 1977)

• Homemaker

Cosmos Science Fiction And Fantasy Magazine (May 1977)

• A Snark in the Night

The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction (August 1977)

• Knowing Her

New Dimensions 7 (1977)

Time of Passage (1978)

• Starswarmer

Analog Science Fiction/Science Fact (June 1978)

Analog Science Fiction/Science Fact (September 1978)

• In Alien Flesh

The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction (September 1978)

Best Science Fiction Stories of the Year (1979)

1979 Annual World's Best SF (1979)

Best SF Stories of the Year: Eighth Annual Collection (1979)

The 1979 Annual World's Best SF (1979)

In Alien Flesh (1986)

• Old Woman By the Road

Destinies (November/December 1978)

Thor's Hammer (1979)

The Best of Destinies (1980)

• A Hiss of Dragon, with Marc Laidlaw

Omni, (December 1978)

Best SF of the Year 8 (1979)

Dragon Tales (1982)

The Best of Omni Science Fiction, No. 3 (1982)

• Nooncoming

Universe 8 (1978)

In Alien Flesh (1986)

• Time Guide

Destinies (January/February 1979)

• Dark Sanctuary

Omni (May 1979)

The Endless Frontier (1979)

The Best of Omni Science Fiction, No. 4 (1982)

• Redeemer

Analog Science Fiction/Science Fact (April 1979)

Best Science Fiction Stories of the Year (1979)

Best SF Stories of the Year: Ninth Annual Collection (1980)

The Endless Frontier Vol. II (1982)

In Alien Flesh (1986)

• Calibrations and Exercises

New Dimensions 9 (1979)

The Best of New Dimensions (1979)

• Time Shards

Universe 9 (1979)

Best SF of the Year 9 (1980)

In Alien Flesh (1986)

• Titan Falling

Amazing Stories (August 1980)

• Pick an Orifice

Destinies (Fall 1980)

• Slices

Destinies (Spring 1981)

• Exposures

Isaac Asimov's Science Fiction Magazine (July 1981)

The Road to Science Fiction #4 (1982)

Isaac Asimov's Wonders of the World (Anthology #6) (1982)

Creations: The Quest for Origins in Story and Science (1983)

In Alien Flesh (1986)

Norton Book of SF (1993)

The Ascent of Wonder: The Evolution of Hard SF (1994)

• Shall We Take a Little Walk?

Destinies (Winter 1981)

• Cadenza

New Dimensions 12 (1981)

• Valhalla

The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction (April 1982)

• Lazarus Rising

Isaac Asimov's Science Fiction Magazine (July 1982)

• Relativistic Effects

Perpetual Light (1982)

Best SF of the Year 12 (1983)

In Alien Flesh (1986)

The Ascent of Wonder: The Evolution of Hard SF (1994)

• Sandy Lust

The Berkley Showcase Volume 5 (1982)

• Swarmer, Skimmer

Best SF of the Year 11 (1982)

• The Touch

The Best of Omni Science Fiction, No. 5 (1983)

R-A-M Random Access Messages of the Computer Age (1984)

• Me/Days

Universe 14 (1984)

In Alien Flesh (1986)

• Time's Rub

Time's Rub (1984)

Isaac Asimov's Science Fiction Magazine (April 1985)

In Alien Flesh (1986)

Mathenauts: Tales of Mathematical Wonder (1987)

Future on Ice (1998)

• To the Storming Gulf

Afterwar (1985)

The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction (April 1985)

In Alien Flesh (1986)

Armageddon! (1989)

• Newton Sleep

The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction (January 1986)

Heroes in Hell (1986)

Nebula Awards 22 (1988)

• Of Space-Time and the River

Isaac Asimov's Science Fiction Magazine (February 1986)

Best SF of the Year 15 (1986)

In Alien Flesh (1986)

• Freezeframe

Interzone (Autumn 1986)

Amazing Stories (May 1987)

Nebula Awards 23 (1989)

• As Big as the Ritz

Interzone, Winter 1986 (1986)

Alien Stars III: Under The Wheel (1987)

• Snatching the Bot

In Alien Flesh (1986)

• Effing the Ineffable

Nebula Awards 21 (1987)

• The Gods of the Gaps

Crusaders in Hell (1987)

• What Are You Going to Be When You Grow Up?

Spaceships & Spells (1987)

• Proselytes

Full Spectrum (1988)

• All the Beer on Mars

Isaac Asimov's Science Fiction Magazine (January 1989)

• Alphas

Amazing Stories (March 1989)

The 1990 Annual World's Best SF (1990)

The Year's Best Science Fiction: Seventh Annual Collection (1990)

• We Could Do Worse

Isaac Asimov's Science Fiction Magazine (April 1989)

What Might Have Been? Vol I: Alternate Empires (1989)

Roads Not Taken: Tales of Alternate History (1998)

• Mozart on Morphine

The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction (October 1989)

• Leviathan

Omni (1989)

• Proserpina's Daughter with Paul A. Carter

Synergy: New Science Fiction, Vol. 3 (1989)

• The Rose and the Scalpel

Time Gate (1989)

Amazing Stories (January 1990)

• Warstory

Isaac Asimov's Science Fiction Magazine (January 1990)

• Latter-Day Matian Chronicles

Omni (July 1990)

• The Eagle and the Cross

Dangerous Interfaces (1990)

• Manassas, Again

Isaac Asimov's Science Fiction Magazine (October 1991)

• Centigrade 233

Isaac Asimov's Science Fiction Magazine (December 1991)

• Touches

Amazing Stories (December 1991)

• Matter's End

Full Spectrum 3 (1991)

The Year's Best Science Fiction: Ninth Annual Collection (1992)

Nebula Awards 28 (1994)

• Down the River Road

Aboriginal Science Fiction' (Summer 1992)

• Rumbling Earth

Aboriginal Science Fiction (Summer 1992)

• World Vast, World Various

Murasaki (1992)

• The Dark Backward

Amazing Stories (February 1993)

More Amazing Stories (1998)

• Doing Alien

The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction (March 1994)

100 Astounding Little Alien Stories (1996)

• The Bigger One

Science Fiction Age (May 1994)

• Soon Comes the Night

Asimov's Science Fiction (August 1994)

• Not of an Age

Weird Tales from Shakespeare (1994)

• Strong Instinct with Mark O. Martin

South From Midnight (1994)

• The Trojan Cat with Mark O. Martin

Man-Kzin Wars VI (1994)

• Deep Eyes

Analog Science Fiction and Fact (April 1995)

• Kollapse

Interzone Science Fiction and Fantasy (April 1995)

Science Fiction Age (May 1995)

• A Worm in the Well

Analog Science Fiction and Fact (November 1995)

Year's Best SF (1996)

• A Tapestry of Thought

Amazing Stories (Winter 1995)

• A Desperate Calculus as Sterling Blake

New Legends (1995)

• High Abyss

New Legends (1995)

• Immersion

Science Fiction Age (March 1996)

The Year's Best Science Fiction: Fourteenth Annual Collection (1997)

• Paris Conquers All with David Brin

The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction (March 1996)

War of the Worlds: Global Dispatches (1996)

• Afterword: Retrospective with David Brin

War of the Worlds: Global Dispatches (1996)

• Zoomers

Future Net (1996)

Year's Best SF 2 (1997)

• The Voice

Science Fiction Age (May 1997)

Year's Best SF 3 (1998)

• Galaxia

Science Fiction Age (July 1997)

• A Cold Dry Cradle with Elisabeth Malartrez

Science Fiction Age (November 1997)

The Year's Best Science Fiction: Fifteenth Annual Collection (1998)

• Early Bird

Free Space (1997)

• A Dance to Strange Musics

Science Fiction Age (November 1998)

• Ordinary Aliens

Science Fiction Age (November 1998)

• Three Gods

Interzone (September 2001)

• Menage a Trois

Interzone (November 2001)

• Around the Curve of a Cosmos

Published at scifi.com (2001)

• Brink

Published at scifi.com (2001)

• The Clear Blue Seas of Luna

Asimov's Science Fiction (October/November 2002)

• The Hydrogen Wall

Asimov's Science Fiction (October/November 2003)

Year's Best SF9

• Anomalies

• At the Double Solstice

• A Hunger for the Infinite

• Immortal Night

• Mammoth Dawn with Kevin J. Anderson

• Mandikini

• Side Effect

• Shakers of the Earth

• Sleepstory

References

1. ^ See Russell Dovey, "Supervillainy: Astroengineering Global Warming and Bill Christensen, "Reduce Global Warming by Blocking Sunlight". Also see Screening out sunlight in the Wikipedia article Mitigation of global warming.
2. ^ See footnote 23 in E. Teller, L. Wood, and R. Hyde, "Global Warming and Ice Ages: Prospects for Physics-Based Modulation of Global Change".
3. ^ E. Teller, L. Wood, and R. Hyde, "Global Warming and Ice Ages: Prospects for Physics-Based Modulation of Global Change".
4. ^ Comments at the 64th World Science Fiction Convention, August 2006.

Mitigation of global warming involves taking actions aimed at reducing the extent of global warming. ... Mitigation of global warming involves taking actions aimed at reducing the extent of global warming. ... The logo of L.A.con IV The 64th World Science Fiction Convention (Worldcon) will be L.A.con IV, which will be held in Los Angeles, United States 23-27 August, 2006. ...

External links

• Gregory Benford at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database
• Giant rotating space lens
• Gregory Benford official website
• Homepage at UCI
• List of works at Fantastic Fiction