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Encyclopedia > Grimm's Fairy Tales
Frontispiece of first volume of Grimms' Kinder- und Hausmärchen (1812).

The world famous collection of German (and French) fairy tales Kinder- und Hausmärchen (KHM; English: Children's and Household Tales), commonly known as Grimm's Fairy Tales (or Grimms' Fairy Tales), was published by Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, the Brothers Grimm. Image File history File links Grimm's_Kinder-_und_Hausmärchen,_Erster_Theil_(1812). ... Image File history File links Grimm's_Kinder-_und_Hausmärchen,_Erster_Theil_(1812). ... A fairy tale is a story, either told to children or as if told to children, concerning the adventures of mythical characters such as fairies, goblins, elves, trolls, giants, and others. ... The Brothers Grimm on a 1000DM banknote. ... The Brothers Grimm on a 1000DM banknote. ... Wilhelm (left) and Jacob Grimm (right) from an 1855 painting by Elisabeth Jerichau-Baumann The Brothers Grimm were Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, German professors who were best known for publishing collections of folk tales and fairy tales,[1] and for their work in linguistics, relating to how the sounds in...

Contents

Writing of the book

In 1803, the Grimms met the Romantics Clemens Brentano and Ludwig Achim von Arnim at the University of Marburg. These two men stirred in the brothers an interest in ancient fairy tales. They started to collect and write down tales that had been handed down for generations. Among their sources were Dorothea Viehmann, and two Huguenot families, Hassenpflug and Wild, who introduced them to several tales of French origin. 1803 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... For the general context, see Romanticism. ... Clemens Brentano, or Klemens Brentano (September 8, 1778 – July 28, 1842) was a German poet and novelist. ... Ludwig Achim (or Joachim) von Arnim (January 26, 1781 – January 21, 1831), German poet and novelist, was born in Berlin. ... University of Marburg - Department of Social Sciences and University library The old university The University of Marburg, officially Philipps-Universität Marburg, was founded in 1527 by Landgrave Philipp I of Hesse (usually called the Magnanimous) as the worlds first and oldest Protestant university. ... Dorothea Viehmann, contemporary portrait by Ludwig Emil Grimm, another of the Brothers Grimm. ... In the 16th and 17th centuries, the name Huguenot was applied to a member of the Protestant Reformed Church of France, historically known as the French Calvinists. ...


On December 20, 1812 they published the first volume of the first edition, containing 86 stories; the second volume of 70 stories followed in 1814. For the second edition, two volumes were issued in 1819 and a third in 1822, totaling 170 tales. The third edition appeared in 1837; fourth edition, 1840; fifth edition, 1843; sixth edition, 1850; seventh edition, 1857. Stories were added, and also subtracted, from one edition to the next, until the seventh held 211 tales. December 20 is the 354th day of the year (355th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the overture by Tchaikovsky, see 1812 Overture; For the wars, see War of 1812 (USA - United Kingdom) or Patriotic War of 1812 (France - Russia) For the Siberia Airlines plane crashed over the Black Sea on October 4, 2001, see Siberia Airlines Flight 1812 1812 was a leap year starting... 1814 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...


The first volumes were much criticized because, although they were called "Children's Tales", they were not regarded as suitable for children, both for the scholarly information included and the subject matter.[1] Many changes through the editions—such as turning the wicked mother of the first edition in Snow White and Hansel and Gretel to a stepmother, were probably made with an eye to such suitability. They removed sexual references, such as Rapunzel's betraying the prince by asking why her clothing no longer fit, and so revealing her pregnancy, but in many respects, violence, particularly when punishing villains, was increased.[2] {Otheruses1|the Snow White character} Snow White in her coffin, Theodor Hosemann, 1867. ... Artwork by Arthur Rackham, 1909. ... Illustration by Johnny Gruelle Rapunzel is a German fairy tale in the collection assembled by the Brothers Grimm, and first published in 1812 as part of Childrens and Household Tales. ...


The tales were also criticized for being insufficient German; this not only affected the tales they included, but their language as they changed "Fee" (fairy) to an enchantress or wise woman, every prince to a king's son, every princess to a king's daughter.[3] They also went to considerable effort to "reconstruct" the tales, merging variants (particularly fragmentary ones) and attempting to amend corruptions.[4]


In 1825 the Brothers published their Kleine Ausgabe or "small edition," a selection of 50 tales designed for child readers. This children's version went through ten editions between 1825 and 1858.


Influence of the book

The influence of these books was widespread. It ranks behind only the Bible and the works of William Shakespeare in sales. W. H. Auden praised it, during World War II, as one of the founding works of Western culture.[5] The tales themselves have been put to many uses. The Nazis praised them as folkish tales showing children with sound racial instincts seeking racially pure marriage partners, and so strongly that the Allied forces warned against them.[6] Writers about the Holocaust have combined the tales with their memoirs, as Jane Yolen in her Briar Rose.[7] Wystan Hugh Auden (21 February 1907 – 29 September 1973) (IPA: ; first syllable of Auden rhymes with law), who signed his works W. H. Auden, was an Anglo-American poet, regarded by many as one of the greatest writers of the 20th century. ... Jane Yolen (born February 11, 1939) is an American writer, author, and editor of almost 300 books. ...


The work of the Brothers Grimm influenced other collectors, both inspiring them to collect tales and leading them to similarly believe, in a spirit of romantic nationalism, that the fairy tales of a country were particularly representive of it, to the neglect of cross-cultural influence. Among those influenced were the Russian Alexander Afanasyev, the Norwegians Peter Christen Asbjørnsen and Jørgen Moe, the English Joseph Jacobs, and Jeremiah Curtin, a American who collected Irish tales.[8] This was not always a pleased reaction to their collection. Joseph Jacobs was in part inspired by his complaint that English children did not read English fairy tales[9]; in his own words, "What Perrault began, the Grimms completed." This article does not cite its references or sources. ... Alexander Nikolayevich Afanasyev (11 July 1826 — 23 October 1871) was a Russian folklorist best known for his pioneering study and publication of Russian folktales. ... Peter Christian Asbjørnsen (1812-1885) was a Norwegian writer who together with Jørgen Moe compiled and edited an authoritative collection of Norwegian folk tales. ... Jørgen Moe (1813-1882) was, through his collaboration with Peter Christian Asbjørnsen, responsible for collecting and editing Norwegian folk tales, Norske Folkeeventyr. ... Joseph Jacobs (1854, Australia - 1916) was a British literary historian. ... Jeremiah Curtin with Henryk Sienkiewicz, the author of Quo Vadis Jeremiah Curtin (September 6, 1835 - December 14, 1906, Vermont) was an American linguist and folklorist. ...


List of fairy tales

The Frog King (German: Der Froschkönig) is a fairy tale, popularized by the Brothers Grimms written version, of a spoiled princess who reluctantly befriends a frog, who magically transforms into a handsome prince. ... Cat and Mouse in Partnership is a Brothers Grimm fairy tale. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... The Story of the Youth Who Went Forth to Learn What Fear Was is a Brothers Grimm fairy tale. ... The Wolf and the Seven Young Kids is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm, tale number 5. ... Trusty John, Faithful John, Faithful Johannes, or John the True is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm, tale number 6, and by Joseph Jacobs in his European Folk and Fairy Tales. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... The Wonderful Musician or The Strange Musician or The Marvellous Musician is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm as tale number 8 in their Grimms Fairy Tales. ... The Twelve Brothers (German: Die zwölf Brüder) is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm, tale number 9. ... Is collected by the Brothers Grimm. ... Brother and Sister is a well known European fairy tale which was, among others, written down by the Brothers Grimm in their collection of Childrens and Household Tales. ... Illustration by Johnny Gruelle Rapunzel is a German fairy tale in the collection assembled by the Brothers Grimm, and first published in 1812 as part of Childrens and Household Tales. ... The Three Little Men in the Wood or The Three Dwarfs is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm, number 13. ... The Three Spinners is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm. ... Artwork by Arthur Rackham, 1909. ... Please wikify (format) this article as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ... The Valiant Little Tailor or The Brave Little Tailor is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm, tale number 20. ... Gustave Dorés illustration for Cendrillon For other uses, see Cinderella (disambiguation). ... The Riddle (German: Das Rätsel) is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm, tale number 22. ... Mother Hulda is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm and first published in 1812 as part of Childrens and Household Tales. ... The Seven Ravens is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm. ... Little Red Riding Hood is a famous folktale about a young girls encounter with a wolf. ... The Town Musicians of Bremen, erected in 1951. ... The Singing Bone is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm, tale number 28. ... The Devil With the Three Golden Hairs is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm, tale number 29. ... The Girl Without Hands or The Handless Maiden or The Armless Maiden is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm, tale number 31. ... Clever Hans performs Clever Hans (in German, der Kluge Hans) was a horse that was apparently trained to perform arithmetic and other intellectual tasks. ... The Three Languages is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm, tale number 33. ... The Tailor in Heaven is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm, tale number 35. ... Thumbling and Thumblings Travels (also known as Thumbling as Journeyman) are two German fairy tales collected by the Brothers Grimm. ... Tom Thumb hitches a ride on a butterfly Tom Thumb is the name of a traditional hero in English folklore who was no bigger than his fathers thumb. ... Wikisource has original text related to this article: The Elves and the Shoemaker The Elves and the Shoemaker, or conversely The Shoemaker and the Elves, (German Der Schuhmacher und die Heinzelmännchen) is an often copied and remade story about a poor shoemaker who receives help from Heinzelmännchen (more... Wikisource has original text related to this article: The Elves and the Shoemaker The Elves and the Shoemaker, or conversely The Shoemaker and the Elves, (German Der Schuhmacher und die Heinzelmännchen) is an often copied and remade story about a poor shoemaker who receives help from Heinzelmännchen (more... The Robber Bridegroom is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm, tale number 40. ... Frau Trude is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm, tale number 43. ... Thumbling and Thumblings Travels (also known as Thumbling as Journeyman) are two German fairy tales collected by the Brothers Grimm. ... Tom Thumb hitches a ride on a butterfly Tom Thumb is the name of a traditional hero in English folklore who was no bigger than his fathers thumb. ... Fitchers Bird is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm, tale number 46. ... The Juniper Tree is a fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm. ... Old Sultan (German: Der alte Sultan) is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm, tale number 48. ... The Six Swans is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm. ... Sir Edward Burne-Jones painted The Sleeping Beauty. ... Foundling-Bird is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm, number 51. ... King Thrushbeard is a Brothers Grimm fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm. ... {Otheruses1|the Snow White character} Snow White in her coffin, Theodor Hosemann, 1867. ... Illustration of Rumpelstiltskin from Andrew Langs The Blue Fairy Book, ca. ... Sweetheart Roland is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm, number 56. ... The Golden Bird is a Brothers Grimm fairy tale about the troubled pursuit of a golden bird by a kings three sons. ... The Two Brothers is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm, tale number 60. ... The Queen Bee is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm, tale number 62. ... Simpleton finds The Golden Goose Simpleton takes the Golden Goose to market The Golden Goose (Die goldene Gans) is a fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm (Tale 64). ... Allerleirauh or All-Kinds-of-Fur is a fairy tale recorded by the Brothers Grimm. ... The Twelve Huntsmen is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm as tale number 67 in their Grimms Fairy Tales. ... The Thief and His Master is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm. ... Jorinde and Joringel is a story by the Brothers Grimm and thats how it goes: There was once an old castle in the midst of a large and dense forest, and in it an old woman who was a witch dwelt all alone. ... The Pink or The Carnation is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm in Grimms Fairy Tales as tale number 76. ... The Water Nixie or The Water-Nix is a fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm, tale number 79. ... The Gold-Children is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm, tale number 85. ... The Singing, Springing Lark is a fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm, appearing as tale no. ... The Goose Girl is a Brothers Grimm fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm. ... The King of the Gold Mountain is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm in Grimms Fairy Tales. ... A story about the raven which is a combined entity made up of both the brothers greatest qualities. ... The Peasants Wise Daughter or The Peasants Clever Daughter is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm in Grimms Fairy Tales as tale number 94. ... Old Hildrebrand is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm in Grimms Fairy Tales as tale number 95. ... The Three Little Birds is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm, tale number 96. ... The Water of Life (German: Das Wasser des Lebens) is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm, tale number 97. ... Doctor Know-all is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm, tale number 98 in Grimms Fairy Tales. ... The Spirit in the Bottle (German: Der Geist im Glas) is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm, tale number 99. ... Bearskin is a fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm, as tale no. ... Classical German fairy tale recorded by the brothers Grimm in the 19th century. ... Hans My Hedgehog is a Brothers Grimm fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm. ... The Two Kings Children is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm in Grimms Fairy Tales, tale number 113. ... The Clever Little Tailor (German: Vom klugen Schneiderlein) is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm as tale 114. ... The Blue Light is a Brothers Grimm fairy tale. ... The Wilful Child (German: Das eigensinnige Kind) is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm as tale number 117. ... The Three Apprentices or The Three Journeymen is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm in Grimms Fairy Tales as tale number 120. ... Donkey Cabbages or The Donkey Cabbage is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm, tale number 122. ... The Old Woman in the Wood is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm, tale number 123. ... The Three Brothers The Three Brothers who tend the Tree of Corruption, the god of the Lotus religion. ... The Dragon and his Grandmother or The Devil and His Grandmother is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm, number 125. ... Ferdinand the Faithful and Ferdinand the Unfaithful is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm, tale number 126. ... The Iron Stove is a fairy tale, collected by the Brothers Grimm, as tale number 127. ... The Lazy Spinner or The Lazy Spinning Woman is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm, tale number 128. ... The Four Skillful Brothers is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm, tale number 129. ... One-Eye, Two-Eyes, and Three-Eyes is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm, tale number 130. ... The Twelve Dancing Princesses or The Worn-Out Dancing Shoes or The Shoes that were Danced to Pieces is a German fairy tale originally published by the Brothers Grimm in Childrens and Household Tales as tale number 133. ... The White and the Black Bride is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm, tale number 135. ... Iron John is a fairy tale found in the collections of the Brothers Grimm about a wild man and a prince. ... The Lambkin and the Little Fish is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm, tale number 141. ... The Donkey is a German fairy tale collected by Brothers Grimm by Grimms Fairy Tales. ... The Turnip is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm in Grimms Fairy Tales as tale number 146. ... The Star Money or The Star Talers is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm in Grimms Fairy Tales. ... The Hurds or Odds and Ends is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm in Grimms Fairy Tales. ... A Riddling Tale is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm in Grimms Fairy Tales. ... Snow-White and Rose-Red (German: Schneeweißchen und Rosenrot) is a fairy tale written by the Brothers Grimm. ... The Glass Coffin is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm, tale number 163. ... The Griffin is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm in Grimms Fairy Tales. ... The Hut in the Forest or The House in the Wood is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm, tale number 169. ... The Goose-Girl at the Well is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm, tale number 179. ... The Nixie of the Mill-Pond is a German fairy tale. ... The True Bride or The True Sweetheart is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm in Grimms Fairy Tales as tale 186. ... Spindle, Shuttle, and Needle is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm, tale number 188. ... The Peasant and the Devil (German: Der Bauer und der Teufel) is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm, tale number 189. ... The Master Thief is a Norwegian fairy tale collected by Peter Chr. ... The Crystal Ball is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm, tale number 197. ... Maid Maleen is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm, number 198. ...

The Children's Legends

  • St. Joseph in the Forest (Der heilige Joseph im Walde)
  • The Twelve Apostles (Die zwölf Apostel)
  • The Rose (Die Rose)
  • Poverty and Humility Lead to Heaven (Armut und Demut führen zum Himmel)
  • God's Food (Gottes Speise)
  • The Three Green Twigs (Die drei grünen Zweige)
  • Our Lady's Little Glass (Muttergottesgläschen)
  • The Aged Mother (Das alte Mütterchen)
  • The Heavenly Wedding (Die himmlische Hochzeit)
  • The Hazel-Branch (Die Haselrute)

Later additions

  • Von der Nachtigall und der Blindschleiche
  • Die Hand mit dem Messer
  • Wie Kinder Schlachtens miteinander gespielt haben
  • Der Tod und der Gänsehirt
  • Der gestiefelte Kater
  • Von der Serviette, dem Tornister, dem Kanonenhütlein und dem Horn
  • Die wunderliche Gasterei
  • Hans Dumm
  • Blaubart
  • Hurleburlebutz
  • Der Okerlo
  • Prinzessin Mäusehaut
  • Das Birnli will nit fallen
  • Das Mordschloß
  • Vom Schreiner und Drechsler
  • Die drei Schwestern
  • Schneeblume (Fragment)
  • Vom Prinz Johannes (Fragment)
  • Der gute Lappen (Fragment)
  • Die treuen Tiere
  • Die Krähen
  • Der Faule und der Fleißige
  • Der Löwe und der Frosch
  • Der Soldat und der Schreiner
  • De wilde Mann
  • Die Kinder in Hungersnot
  • Die heilige Frau Kummernis
  • Das Unglück
  • Die Erbsenprobe
  • Der Räuber und seine Söhne

In popular culture

Today Grimm's fairy tales have been adapted for both movies and Television. One of the most notable is the 1987 anime Grimm's Fairy Tale Classics. The series featured cartoon adaptations of the original tales with very few changes to their original stories. Other adaptations have been done by Jim Henson's Muppets. The 2005 film The Brothers Grimm is loosely based on fairy-tale motifs found in the stories. The main cast of the anime Cowboy Bebop (1998) (L to R: Spike Spiegel, Jet Black, Ed Tivrusky, Faye Valentine, and Ein the dog) For the oleo-resin, see Animé (oleo-resin). ... Grimms Fairy Tale Classics , Grimm Masterpiece Theatre) is an anime series produced by Nippon Animation. ... James Maury Henson (September 24, 1936 – May 16, 1990) was the most widely known American puppeteer in modern American television history. ... John Denver and the Muppets: A Christmas Together The Muppets are a group of puppets and costume characters created by Jim Henson and the company he created. ... The Brothers Grimm is a 2005 film directed by Terry Gilliam. ...


In 1988 Stephen Sondheim wrote the musical "Into the Woods", which tells a story of a baker and his wife (who were inspired by the parents in Rapunzel) who want a child, but the witch cast a spell on them that made them barren. The fairy tales that are in this story are Rapunzel, Cinderella, Jack and the Beanstalk, Little Red Ridinghood, Sleeping Beauty and Snow White.


In 2007, Enterbrain released the light novel, Tsunguri! Hontouha Tsundere Na Grimm Douwa, written and illustrated by Izumi Makoto (and illustrated by other manga artists), which takes 8 of the Grimm fairy tales and parodies them with "an extra-special moe twist". Enterbrain, Inc. ... A light novel , often abbreviated as ラノベ; ranobe) is a short novel with anime or manga style illustrations, primarily targeting teens and young adults. ... Common look for characters that an otaku might consider Moe. Picture from UFO Princess Valkyrie Moe /, pronounced mo-eh/ literally budding, as with a plant) is a Japanese slang word originally referring to fetish for or love for characters in video games or anime and manga. ...


See also

This is a list of fairy tales, the dates of their earliest known printed version, the author and, if known, the collection of tales in which it was published. ...

References

  1. ^ Maria Tatar, The Hard Facts of the Grimms' Fairy Tales, p15-17, ISBN 0-691-06722-8
  2. ^ A. S. Byatt, "Introduction" p. xlii-iv, Maria Tatar, ed. The Annotated Brothers Grimm, ISBN 0-393-05848-4
  3. ^ Maria Tatar, The Hard Facts of the Grimms' Fairy Tales, p31, ISBN 0-691-06722-8
  4. ^ Jack Zipes, The Brothers Grimm: From Enchanted Forests to the Modern World, p 31-2, ISBN 0-312-29380-1
  5. ^ A. S. Byatt, "Introduction" p. xxx, Maria Tatar, ed. The Annotated Brothers Grimm, ISBN 0-393-05848-4
  6. ^ A. S. Byatt, "Introduction" p. xxxviii-xxxix, Maria Tatar, ed. The Annotated Brothers Grimm, ISBN 0-393-05848-4
  7. ^ A. S. Byatt, "Introduction" p. xlvi, Maria Tatar, ed. The Annotated Brothers Grimm, ISBN 0-393-05848-4
  8. ^ Jack Zipes, The Great Fairy Tale Tradition: From Straparola and Basile to the Brothers Grimm, p 846, ISBN 0-393-97636-X
  9. ^ Maria Tatar, p 345-5, The Annotated Classic Fairy Tales, ISBN 0-393-05163-3
  • Grimm Brothers. The Complete Grimm's Fairy Tales. New York: Pantheon Books, 1944. ISBN 0-394-49414-6. (in English, based on Margarate Hunt's translation)

External links

Wikisource has original text related to this article:

  Results from FactBites:
 
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Wilhelm Carl Grimm is born February 24, 1786, in Hanau, Germany, son of Philipp Wilhelm Grimm and Dorothea Grimm.
Tales of type 441, in which a beautiful maiden is forced to marry a hog or a hedgehog.
The Grimm Brothers' Children's and Household Tales (Grimms' Fairy Tales), compiled, translated, and classified by D.L. Ashliman, University of Pittsburgh.
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Grimm Brothers Homepage- This is a comprehensive site devoted to the the Brothers' Grimm; includes biographical data, collection of tales, studies of specific tales, electronic texts, and journals and encyclopedias related to the Grimms' tales.
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