Most Neolithic cultures in Britain are best identified by the pottery remains which they left. A large number of apparently unrelated cultures seem to have produced urns which have characteristic grooves near the top rim, hence the name grooved ware people.
One way in which the tradition may have spread is through trade routes up the west coast of Britain, but what seems unusual is that although they shared the same style of pottery, different regions still maintained vastly different traditions. Evidence at some early Henges (Mayburgh, Ring of Brodgar, Arbor Low) suggests that they were used as staging and trading points on a national 'motorway' during the Neolithic and Bronze Age. This perhaps explains how Cumbrianstone axes found their way to Orkney.
In Orkney, a variation on grooved ware, Unstan ware, emerged. The people who used Unstan Ware had totally different burial practices but still managed to co-exist with their Grooved Ware counterparts. In fact, some unsightly hybrid chambered cairns have emerged, half way between the Maes Howe subclass and the Orkney-Cromarty stalled subclass.
Groovedware is the name given to a pottery style of the British Neolithic.
Groovedware pots excavated at Balfarg in Fife have been chemically analysed to determine their contents.
Since many Groovedware pots have been found at henge sites and in burials it is possible that they may have had a ritual purpose as well as a functional one.
Shallow, round bottomed, and with decoration around the rim, Unstan Ware came to be associated with the early Neolithic structures and stalled cairns in Orkney, such as the Knap o' Howar.
GroovedWare, however, with its flat bottom and intricate decoration of scored grooves, was more common in the larger, and more recent, settlements, such as Skara Brae and Barnhouse.
The GroovedWarepeople buried their dead in increasingly larger, and more monumental, cairns such as Maeshowe.
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