A ground plane may consist of a natural (e.g., Earth or sea) surface, an artificial surface of opportunity (e.g., the roof of a motor vehicle), or a specially designed artificial surface (e.g., the disc of a discone antenna).
{Ground liverwort} (Bot.), a flowerless plant with a broad flat forking thallus and the fruit raised on peduncled and radiated receptacles ({Marchantia polymorpha}).
{Ground plum} (Bot.), a leguminous plant ({Astragalus caryocarpus}) occurring from the Saskatchewan to Texas, and having a succulent plum-shaped pod.
{Ground cock}, a cock, the plug of which is ground into its seat, as distinguished from a compression cock.
Groundplanes ensure that reflections in signal datapaths from variations in geometry are minimized, and that signal line impedance does not vary substantially as the signal path traverses the circuitry.
Further, because the high frequency electric field emitting from a given signal path using a groundplane is concentrated between that signal path and the groundplane, crosstalk between the given signal path and an adjacent signal path is commensurately reduced.
Unlike groundplanes fabricated according to prior art methods, the present invention takes full advantage of the triple layer "sandwich" 15 formed by layers 6, 7, and 8 by providing that the constituent layers of sandwich 15 all be etched using a single photolithographic mask layer (not yet deposited).
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