Ground sloths Fossil range: Oligocene - Holocene
Harlan's Ground Sloth (Paramylodon harlani), a mylodontid
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Subclass: Theria Infraclass: Eutheria Superorder: Xenarthra Order: Pilosa Suborder: Folivora (partim)
Families
Megalonychidae †Megatheriidae †Mylodontidae †Orophodontidae †Scelidotheriidae and see text The Oligocene epoch is a geologic period of time that extends from about 34 million to 23 million years before the present. ... The Holocene epoch is a geological period, which began approximately 11,550 calendar years BP (about 9600 BC) and continues to the present. ... Families Rathymotheriidae Scelidotheriidae Mylodontidae Orophodontidae Megalonychidae Megatheriidae Ground sloths are extinct edentate (Order Xenarthra) mammals that are believed to be relatives of tree sloths and three-toed sloths. ... Scientific classification redirects here. ... For other uses, see Animal (disambiguation). ... Typical Classes Subphylum Urochordata - Tunicates Ascidiacea Thaliacea Larvacea Subphylum Cephalochordata - Lancelets Subphylum Myxini - Hagfishes Subphylum Vertebrata - Vertebrates Petromyzontida - Lampreys Placodermi (extinct) Chondrichthyes - Cartilaginous fishes Acanthodii (extinct) Actinopterygii - Ray-finned fishes Actinistia - Coelacanths Dipnoi - Lungfishes Amphibia - Amphibians Reptilia - Reptiles Aves - Birds Mammalia - Mammals Chordates (phylum Chordata) include the vertebrates, together with... Subclasses & Infraclasses Subclass †Allotheria* Subclass Prototheria Subclass Theria Infraclass †Trituberculata Infraclass Metatheria Infraclass Eutheria For the folk-rock band see The Mammals. ... Infraclasses Metatheria Eutheria This article is about the subclass of mammals. ... Orders[1] Bobolestes Eomaia Maelestes Montanalestes Murtoilestes Prokennalestes Placentalia Superorder Xenarthra: Cingulata (Armadillos) Pilosa (Sloths, True Anteaters) Superorder Afrotheria: Afrosoricida (Tenrecs, etc. ... Orders and suborders Order Pilosa Suborder Vermilingua Suborder Folivora Order Cingulata See text for more details The superorder Xenarthra is a group of placental mammals (infraclass Eutheria), extant today only in the Americas. ... Families Bradypodidae Megalonychidae Cyclopedidae Myrmecophagidae The order Pilosa is a group of placental mammals, extant today only in the Americas. ... Families Megalonychidae Bradypodidae Sloths are medium-sized South American mammals belonging to the families Megalonychidae and Bradypodidae, part of the order Pilosa. ... The hierarchy of scientific classification In biological classification, family (Latin: familia, plural familiae) is a rank, or a taxon in that rank. ... Families Megalonychidae Bradypodidae Sloths are medium-sized South American mammals belonging to the families Megalonychidae and Bradypodidae, part of the order Xenarthra. ... Families Rathymotheriidae Scelidotheriidae Mylodontidae Orophodontidae Megalonychidae Megatheriidae Ground sloths are extinct edentate (Order Xenarthra) mammals that are believed to be relatives of tree sloths and three-toed sloths. ... Families Rathymotheriidae Scelidotheriidae Mylodontidae Orophodontidae Megalonychidae Megatheriidae Ground sloths are extinct edentate (Order Xenarthra) mammals that are believed to be relatives of tree sloths and three-toed sloths. ... Families Rathymotheriidae Scelidotheriidae Mylodontidae Orophodontidae Megalonychidae Megatheriidae Ground sloths are extinct edentate (Order Xenarthra) mammals that are believed to be relatives of tree sloths and three-toed sloths. ... Families Rathymotheriidae Scelidotheriidae Mylodontidae Orophodontidae Megalonychidae Megatheriidae Ground sloths are extinct edentate (Order Xenarthra) mammals that are believed to be relatives of tree sloths and three-toed sloths. ...

Ground sloths are a diverse group of extinct sloths, mammals in the edentate superorder Xenarthra. They may have died out as recently as 1550 in Hispaniola and Cuba (Nowak, 1999), but had long since been extinct on the mainland. This article is about the South American mammal. ... Subclasses & Infraclasses Subclass †Allotheria* Subclass Prototheria Subclass Theria Infraclass †Trituberculata Infraclass Metatheria Infraclass Eutheria For the folk-rock band see The Mammals. ... Scientific classification or biological classification refers to how biologists group and categorize extinct and living species of organisms. ... Orders and suborders Order Pilosa Suborder Vermilingua Suborder Folivora Order Cingulata See text for more details The superorder Xenarthra is a group of placental mammals (infraclass Eutheria), extant today only in the Americas. ... Events February 7 - Julius III becomes Pope. ... Early map of Hispaniola Hispaniola (from Spanish, La Española) is the second-largest and most populous island of the Antilles, lying between the islands of Cuba to the west, and Puerto Rico to the east. ...

Four of the many named species found in the United States are Harlan's Ground Sloth (Paramylodon harlani), Jefferson's Ground Sloth (Megalonyx jeffersonii), Laurillard's Ground Sloth (Eremotherium laurillardi), and the Shasta Ground Sloth (Nothrotheriops shastensis). All four were massive animals with large claws, and all are thought to have been herbivores. For other uses, see Species (disambiguation). ... A deer and two fawns feeding on some foliage A herbivore is often defined as any organism that eats only plants[1]. By that definition, many fungi, some bacteria, many animals, about 1% of flowering plants and some protists can be considered herbivores. ...

Three species of ground sloths (Harlan's Ground Sloth, Jefferson's Ground Sloth and the Shasta Ground Sloth) have been found in the assemblage at the La Brea Tar Pits. Harlan's ground sloth was six feet tall when standing. The most common Harlan's ground sloth fossil found at La Brea are dermal ossicles: small, oblong spheroids of bone. These small bones were embedded deep in the skin around the neck, shoulders and back of the sloth, and may have served as armor against attacking predators. The smaller ground sloth, less common at the La Brea lagerstätte is the Shasta Ground Sloth. La Brea Tar Pits in Los Angeles Countys Miracle Mile District. ... Lagerstätten (German; singular Lagerstätte; literally place of storage, resting place) are sedimentary deposits that exhibit extraordinary fossil richness or completeness. ...

Cryptozoologists often identify the mapinguari, a mythical forest creature of the upper Amazon basin, with a surviving tropical ground sloth or folk memory of these animals. Cryptozoology (from Greek: κρυπτός, kryptós, hidden; ζῷον, zôon, animal; and λόγος, logos, knowledge or study – zoology) is the search for animals hypothesized to exist, but for which conclusive proof is missing. ... The mapinguari (or mapinguary) is a legendary sloth-like creature with red fur living in the Amazon rainforests of Brazil and Bolivia. ... Amazon River basin The Amazon Basin is the part of South America drained by the Amazon River and its tributaries. ... Folk memory is a term often used to describe stories, folklore or myths about past events that are passed orally from generation to generation. ...

Families^[1]

Paleontologists divide the more than 80 genera of ground sloths in multiple families. Note that ground sloths do not form a monophyletic group - megalonychid ground sloths are more related to today's living two-toed sloths - than to any other ground sloths. An additional family Rathymotheriidae, containing only the genus Rathymotherium, is sometimes listed, but these taxa are nomina oblita and no longer valid.^{[verification needed]} A paleontologist carefully chips rock from a column of dinosaur vertebrae. ... In biology, a genus (plural genera) is a grouping in the classification of living organisms having one or more related and morphologically similar species. ... The hierarchy of scientific classification In biological classification, family (Latin: familia, plural familiae) is a rank, or a taxon in that rank. ... In phylogenetics, a group is monophyletic (Greek: of one race) if it consists of an inferred common ancestor and all its descendants. ... Species Choloepus didactylus Choloepus hoffmanni The two extant species of two-toed sloths are Linnaeuss and Hoffmanns Two-toed Sloth. ... Families Rathymotheriidae Scelidotheriidae Mylodontidae Orophodontidae Megalonychidae Megatheriidae Ground sloths are extinct edentate (Order Xenarthra) mammals that are believed to be relatives of tree sloths and three-toed sloths. ... A taxon (plural taxa) is an element of a taxonomy, e. ... A nomen oblitum (Latin for forgotten name) is a name that has not been used in the scientific community for more than fifty years after its original proposal. ...

Megalonychidae

Megalonyx means "giant claw". The megalonychid ground sloths first appeared in the early Oligocene, about 35 million years ago, in southern Argentina (Patagonia). With the rise of the land bridge at Panama, these ground sloths began to migrate north as part of the Great American Interchange. Some lineages of megalonychids increased in size as time progressed. The first species of these were small and may have been partly tree-dwelling, whereas the Pliocene (about 5 to 2 million years ago) species were already approximately half the size of the huge Late Pleistocene Megalonyx jeffersonii from the last ice age. Some West Indian island species were as small as a large cat; their dwarf condition typified both tropical adaptation and their restricted island environment. The Oligocene epoch is a geologic period of time that extends from about 34 million to 23 million years before the present. ... Patagonia, as most commonly defined (in orange). ... The Great American Interchange was a very important paleozoogeographic event in which land and freshwater animal faunas migrated from Central America to South America and vice versa, as the volcanic Isthmus of Panama rose up from the sea floor and bridged the continents. ... The Pliocene epoch (spelled Pleiocene in some older texts) is the period in the geologic timescale that extends from 5. ... Late Pleistocene (also known as Upper Pleistocene or the Tarantian) is a stage of the Pleistocene Epoch. ... This article or section should be merged with Wisconsinan glaciation The Wisconsin (in North America), Weichsel (in Scandinavia), Devensian (in the British Isles) or Würm glaciation (in the Alps) is the most recent period of the Ice Age, and ended some 10,000 Before Present (BP). ...

Megalonyx, a widespread North American genus, lived past the close of the last (Wisconsinan) glaciation, when so many large mammals died out. Remains have been found as far north as Alaska.^[2] Families Rathymotheriidae Scelidotheriidae Mylodontidae Orophodontidae Megalonychidae Megatheriidae Ground sloths are extinct edentate (Order Xenarthra) mammals that are believed to be relatives of tree sloths and three-toed sloths. ...

The earliest known North American megalonychid, Pliometanastes protistus, lived in Florida about 8 million years ago. Several species of Megalonyx have been named; in fact it has been stated^[who?] that "nearly every good specimen has been described as a different species".^[2] A broader perspective on the group, accounting for age, sex, individual and geographic differences, indicates that only three species are valid (M. leptostomus, M. wheatleyi, and M. jeffersonii) in the late Pliocene and Pleistocene of North America.^[3] Jefferson's ground sloth has a special place in modern paleontology, for Thomas Jefferson's letter on Megalonyx, read before the American Philosophical Society of Philadelphia, in August 1796, marked the beginning of vertebrate paleontology in North America.^[2] When Lewis and Clark set out, Jefferson instructed Meriwether Lewis to keep an eye out for ground sloths. He was hoping they would find some living in the Western range. Megalonyx jeffersonii was appropriately named after Thomas Jefferson.^[2] North American redirects here. ... This article is about the U.S. State of Florida. ... Families Rathymotheriidae Scelidotheriidae Mylodontidae Orophodontidae Megalonychidae Megatheriidae Ground sloths are extinct edentate (Order Xenarthra) mammals that are believed to be relatives of tree sloths and three-toed sloths. ... Paleontology, palaeontology or palæontology (from Greek: paleo, ancient; ontos, being; and logos, knowledge) is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. ... Thomas Jefferson (13 April 1743 N.S.–4 July 1826) was the third President of the United States (1801–09), the principal author of the Declaration of Independence (1776), and one of the most influential Founding Fathers for his promotion of the ideals of Republicanism in the United States. ... The American Philosophical Society is a discussion group founded as the Junto in 1743 by Benjamin Franklin. ... For other uses, see Philadelphia (disambiguation) and Philly. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The Lewis and Clark expedition (1804-1806) was the first American overland expedition to the Pacific coast and back. ...

Reconstruction of Megalocnus rodens, which possibly survived to 1500 AD.

The smallish Acratocnus ground sloths disappeared at an unknown date.

FAMILY MEGALONYCHIDAE Gervais, 1855 Species Acratocnus is an extinct genus of ground sloth found in Cuba, Hispanola and Puerto Rico. ... Paul Gervais (September 26, 1816 - February 10, 1879) was a French palaeontologist. ...

Incertae sedis—of uncertain position (seat)—is a term used to define a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. ... Species Imagocnus is an extinct genus of ground sloth. ... Families Rathymotheriidae Scelidotheriidae Mylodontidae Orophodontidae Megalonychidae Megatheriidae Ground sloths are extinct edentate (Order Xenarthra) mammals that are believed to be relatives of tree sloths and three-toed sloths. ... Species The ground sloths of the genus Megalocnus were among the largest of the Caribbean ground sloths, with individuals estimated to weigh up to 200 pounds when alive. ... Species Acratocnus is an extinct genus of ground sloth found in Cuba, Hispanola and Puerto Rico. ... The Synocnus was a form of ground sloth which was about the size of a medium-sized dog and weighed approximately about 50 pounds. ... Species Choloepus didactylus Choloepus hoffmanni The two extant species of two-toed sloths are Linnaeuss and Hoffmanns Two-toed Sloth. ... Species Habanocnus is an extinct genus of ground sloth that was once indigenous to the island of Cuba. ...

Megatheriidae

Fossil Eremotherium skeleton, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC.

Closeup of hand, showing claws

Closeup of skull

The megatheriid ground sloths are relatives of the megalonychids, with which they form the infraorder Megatheria. Megatheriids appeared later in the Oligocene, some 30 million years ago, also in South America. The group includes the heavily-built Megatherium (given its name 'great beast' by Georges Cuvier^[4]) and Eremotherium. Other megatheriids, such as the more slightly built nothrotheres Hapalops and Nothrotheriops, reached a length of about 1.2 meters. Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... Inside the National Museum of Natural History, underneath the rotunda. ... Aerial photo (looking NW) of the Washington Monument and the White House in Washington, DC. Washington, D.C., officially the District of Columbia (also known as D.C.; Washington; the Nations Capital; the District; and, historically, the Federal City) is the capital city and administrative district of the United... Image File history File links Hand of fossil ground sloth skeleton at the National Museum of Natural History; digital photo taken by User:Postdlf, 1-8-05 File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Hand of fossil ground sloth skeleton at the National Museum of Natural History; digital photo taken by User:Postdlf, 1-8-05 File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Skull of fossil ground sloth skeleton at the National Museum of Natural History; digital photo taken by User:Postdlf, 1-8-05 File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Skull of fossil ground sloth skeleton at the National Museum of Natural History; digital photo taken by User:Postdlf, 1-8-05 File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Scientific classification or biological classification refers to how biologists group and categorize extinct and living species of organisms. ... Megatheriinae were a subfamily of elephant-sized ground sloths that lived from 2 million to 8,000 years ago. ... Georges Cuvier Baron Georges Léopold Chrétien Frédéric Dagobert Cuvier (August 23, 1769–May 13, 1832) was a French naturalist and zoologist. ... Hapalops is an extinct genus of mammal. ... Species Nothrotheriops is a genus of Pleistocene ground sloths found in North and South America. ...

The skeletal structure of these ground sloths indicates that the animals were massive. Their thick bones and even thicker joints (especially those on the hind legs) gave their appendages tremendous power that, combined with their size and fearsome claws, provided a formidable defense against predators.

The earliest megatheriid in North America was Eremotherium eomigrans from 2.2 million years ago. With more than five tons in weight, 6 meters in length, and able to reach as high as 17 feet, it was larger than an African Bush Elephant bull. Unlike relatives, this species retained a plesiomorphic extra claw. While other species of Eremotherium had four fingers with only two or three claws, E. eomigrans had five fingers, four of them with claws up to nearly a foot long.^[5] Binomial name (Blumenbach, 1797) The African Bush Elephant (Loxodonta africana) is the larger of the two species of African elephants. ... This cladogram shows the relationship among various insect groups. ...

The last ground sloths in North America belonging to Nothrotheriops died so recently that their petrified dung (coprolites) has remained undisturbed in some caves, as if it was just recently deposited. One of the skeletons, found in a lava tube (cave) at Aden Crater, adjacent to Kilbourne Hole, New Mexico, still had skin and hair preserved, and is now at the Yale Peabody Museum. The American Museum of Natural History in New York City has a sample of dung with a note attached to it that reads "deposited by Theodore Roosevelt". The largest samples of Nothrotheriops dung can be found in the collections of the Smithsonian Museum. Eventually the Shasta Ground Sloth (Nothrotheriops shastensis) reached the Yukon^{[verification needed]} . Coprolite is the name given to the mineral that results when human or animal semen is fossilized. ... Thurston Lava Tube in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. ... Kilbourne Hole is a Maar volcanic crater, located 30 miles west of the Franklin mountains of El Paso, Texas, in Doña Ana County, New Mexico. ... Official language(s) None Spoken language(s) English 68. ... The Peabody Museum of Natural History at Yale University was founded by the philanthropist George Peabody in 1866 at the behest of his nephew Othniel Charles Marsh, the early paleontologist. ... Main Lobby in the Theodore Roosevelt Memorial. ... For other persons named Theodore Roosevelt, see Theodore Roosevelt (disambiguation). ... This article is about the Canadian territory. ...

FAMILY †MEGATHERIIDAE Gray, 1821

Species Promegatherium cabreri Promegatherium nanum Promegatherium parvulum Promegatherium remulsum Promegatherium smaltatum Promegatherium is an genus of prehistoric mammal that lived in South America during the Upper and Middle Miocene. ... Megatheriinae were a subfamily of elephant-sized ground sloths that lived from 2 million to 8,000 years ago. ... Species Nothrotheriops is a genus of Pleistocene ground sloths found in North and South America. ... Hapalops is an extinct genus of mammal. ...

Mylodontidae

Another specimen of Paramylodon harlani. Texas Memorial Museum, University of Texas at Austin.

The mylodontid ground sloths together with their relatives the scelidotheriids and the orophodontids form the Mylodonta, the second radiation of ground sloths. The discovery of their fossils in caverns associated with human occupation lead some early researchers to theorize that the early humans built corrals when they could procure a young ground sloth, to raise the animal to butchering size ^[6]. Subfossil remains like coproliths, fur and skin have been discovered in some quantities. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 613 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (695 × 680 pixel, file size: 127 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Giant sloth fossil on display at the Texas Memorial Museum, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, from the contributors personal photo collection. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 613 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (695 × 680 pixel, file size: 127 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Giant sloth fossil on display at the Texas Memorial Museum, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, from the contributors personal photo collection. ... Relief from western facade of the museum. ... University of Texas redirects here. ... This article has been sent for reconstruction. ... Subfossil is attributed to bones or whole skeletons (and, in general all materials having living parts that can become fossil) whose fossilization process is not complete, either for lack of time or because the condition in which bones were buried were non optimal for fossilization. ...

There were rumours during the 19th Century from Patagonia that some ground sloths had survived with one explorer noting that a very large hairy beast that looked like a giant armadillo trotted past them and disappeared into the undergrowth during an expedition^{[verification needed][citation needed]}. The local Guaraní Indians of the area had preserved lore of ground sloth-like animals that rested during the day in dens dug with their claws and usually only came out at night. Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... Patagonia, as most commonly defined (in orange). ... Binomial name Priodontes maximus (Kerr, 1792) The Giant Armadillo (Priodontes maximus) is the largest species of armadillo. ... For other uses, see Guaraní (disambiguation). ...

FAMILY †MYLODONTIDAE Gill, 1872

Incertae sedis—of uncertain position (seat)—is a term used to define a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. ... Glossotherium was a genus of ground sloth. ... The Mylodon was a smaller breed of ground sloth, approximately ox-sized, related to the Megatherium and modern three-toed sloths and two-toed sloths. ...

Scelidotheriidae

Scelidotherium leptocephalum. Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris.

Together with the Mylodontidae and the engimatic Pseudoprepotherium, the scelidotheriid ground sloths form the superfamily Mylodontoidea. Chubutherium is an ancestral and very plesiomorphic member of this family and does not belong to the main group of closely-related genera. The Muséum national dHistoire naturelle (MNHN) is the French national museum of natural history. ... This article is about the capital of France. ... In biology, a superfamily is a taxonomic grade intermediate between suborder and family. ... Species Chubutherium is an extinct species of ground sloth. ... This cladogram shows the relationship among various insect groups. ...

FAMILY †SCELIDOTHERIIDAE Ameghino, 1889 Florentino Ameghino (September 18, 1854 – August 6, 1911) was an Argentinian naturalist, paleontologist, anthropologist and zoologist. ...

• Genus †Chubutherium (basal)
• Subfamily †Scelidotheriinae
  • Genus †Scelidotheriops
  • Genus †Analcitherium
  • Genus †Nematherium
  • Genus †Neonematherium
  • Genus †Elassotherium
  • Genus †Scelidotherium
  • Genus †Catonyx
  • Genus †Proscelidodon

Species Chubutherium is an extinct species of ground sloth. ... In phylogenetics, basal members of a group diverged earlier than a subgroup of others (or vice versa). ... Scelidotherium is another genus of large South American Pleistocene ground sloths, characterized, by the elongation and slenderness of the skull, which thus makes a decided approximation to the anteater type, although retaining the full series of cheek-teeth. ...

Orophodontidae

The orophodontid ground sloths constitute a rather small but quite distinct group. They are classified as a distinct mylodontan superfamily Orophodontoidea, the sister taxon to the Mylodontoidea. In biology, a superfamily is a taxonomic grade intermediate between suborder and family. ... This cladogram shows the relationship among various insect groups. ...

FAMILY †OROPHODONTIDAE Ameghino, 1895 Florentino Ameghino (September 18, 1854 – August 6, 1911) was an Argentinian naturalist, paleontologist, anthropologist and zoologist. ...

• Genus †Proplatyarthrus
• Genus †Orophodon
• Genus †Octodontotherium
• Genus †Octomylodon
• Genus †Octodontobradys

Footnotes

References

• Cuvier, G. (1796): Notice sur le squellette d'une très grande espèce de quadrupède inconnue jusqu'à présent, trouvé au Paraquay, et déposé au cabinet d'histoire naturelle de Madrid. Magasin encyopédique, ou Journal des Sciences, des Lettres et des Arts (1): 303-310; (2): 227-228.
• De Iuliis, G. & Cartelle, C. (1999): A new giant megatheriine ground sloth (Mammalia: Xenarthra: Megatheriidae) from the late Blancan to early Irvingtonian of Florida. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 127(4): 495-515.
• Harrington, C.R. (1993): Yukon Beringia Interpretive Center - Jefferson's Ground Sloth. Retrieved 2008-JAN-24.
• Kurtén, Björn and Anderson, Elaine (1980): Pleistocene Mammals of North America. Columbia University Press, New York. ISBN 0-231-03733-3
• McKenna, Malcolm C. & Bell, Susan K. (1997): Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level. Columbia University Press, New York. ISBN 0-231-11013-8
• Nowak, R.M. (1999): Walker's Mammals of the World (Vol. 2). Johns Hopkins University Press, London.
• White, J.L. & MacPhee, R.D.E. (2001): The sloths of the West Indies: a systematic and phylogenetic review. In: Woods, C.A. & Sergile, F.E. (eds.): Biogeography of the West Indies: Patterns and Perspectives: 201-235.
• Woodward, A.S. (1900): On some remains of Grypotherium (Neomylodon) listai and associated mammals from a cavern near Consuelo Cove, Last Hope Inlet. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1900(5): 64-79.

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society is a academic journal published by Blackwell Publishing Limited. ...

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Ground Sloth

• Sloth World: An Online Sloth Bibliography.
• Picture and information about a ground sloth skeleton on display at the University of Georgia's Science Library.
• Academy of Natural Sciences ground sloth page.
• Illinois State Museum ground sloth page.
• Ground sloths at La Brea.
• Eremotherium in Florida.
• Have some ground sloths survived in Argentina?
• Ground sloths in general.
• Western Center for Archaeology and Paleontology Hemet, CA