Southeast coast of Guadalupe Island

Guadalupe Island, or Isla Guadalupe, ( 28°53′N, 118°18′W) is a volcanic island located 241 kilometers (150 miles) off the west coast of Mexico's Baja California peninsula and some 400 kilometers (250 miles) southwest of the border city of Tijuana in Baja California state, in the Pacific Ocean. The two other Mexican island groups in the Pacific Ocean that are not on the continental shelf are Revillagigedo Islands and Rocas Alijos. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1364x896, 169 KB) Summary http://www. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1364x896, 169 KB) Summary http://www. ... Baja California Peninsula (highlighted) The Baja California Peninsula or Lower California is a peninsula in the west of Mexico. ... Tijuana (Spanish [tixwana], English usually [ËŒtiːəˈwÉ‘nÉ™]), is the largest city in the Mexican state of Baja California and the seat of the municipality of Tijuana. ... Baja California (literally lower California in Spanish) is the northernmost state of Mexico. ...  Sediment  Rock  Mantle  The global continental shelf, highlighted in cyan The continental shelf is the extended perimeter of each continent, which is covered during interglacial periods such as the current epoch by relatively shallow seas (known as shelf seas) and gulfs. ... The Revillagigedo Islands (or Revillagigedo Archipelago), not to be confused with Revillagigedo Island of Alaska, are a group of islands in the Pacific Ocean at approximately 18° N 112° W. They are part of Manzanillo municipality of the Mexican state of Colima and lie 386 km southwest of Cabo San... Rocas Alijos from the East (South Rock partially cut off left) Rocas Alijos (or Escollos Alijos, in English also Alijos Rocks) are a group of tiny, steep and barren volcanic islets or above-water (as well as below-water) rocks in the Pacific Ocean at 24°5731N, 115...

Administration

Guadalupe Island is part of Ensenada delegación, one of the 24 delegaciones or subdivisions of Ensenada municipality of the Mexican state of Baja California. Ensenada delegación is identical to the city of Ensenada, the municipal seat of the namesake municipality. The municipio (municipality) of Ensenada is the largest in the state of Baja California and the largest in Mexico by area. ... The Mexican state of Baja California is divided into five municipalities (municipios): Categories: Lists of municipalities of Mexico | Mexican states ... The United Mexican States or Mexico (Estados Unidos Mexicanos or México) is a federal republic made up of 31 states (estados) and one Federal District, (Distrito Federal), which contains the capital, Mexico City. ... Baja California (literally lower California in Spanish) is the northernmost state of Mexico. ... Overlooking Ensenada at night The port of Ensenada Desert at Cataviña region. ...

The postal code of Guadalupe Island is 22997. Postal codes are generally clearly visible outside local Australian post offices. ...

Settlements and population

The census of 2005 recorded a population of 15 persons on Guadalupe Island. 1870 US Census for New York City A census is the process of obtaining information about every member of a population (not necessarily a human population). ...

Campo Oeste (West Camp, also called Campo Tepeyác, with 15 buildings) is a small community of abalone and lobster fishermen, located on the western coast, specifically on the north side of West Anchorage, a bay that provides protection from the strong winds and swells that whip the islands during winter. Generators provide electricity, and a military vessel brings 20,000 liters of fresh water. The number of fishermen varies annually depending on the fishing season. Nevertheless, during 10 months of the year the 30 families of the fishing cooperative "Abuloneros and Langosteros of the Guadalupe Island" are present. [1] Species Many, see species section. ... Subfamilies and Genera Neophoberinae Acanthacaris Thymopinae Nephropsis Nephropides Thymops Thymopsis Nephropinae Homarus Nephrops Homarinus Metanephrops Eunephrops Thymopides Clawed lobsters comprise a family (Nephropidae, sometimes also Homaridae) of large marine crustaceans. ...

Further temporary fishing camps are Campo Norte (four buildings), Campo Lima (Campo Corrals) (one building) and Arroyitos (four buildings). [2]

An abandoned fishermen community, Campo Este (East Camp) is located near a cove at on the eastern shore.

At the southern tip, on Melpómene Cove, there is a weather station, staffed by a detachment from the Mexican Ministry of the Navy. The site is called Campamento Sur (South Camp).

Campo Bosque has been established as a temporary camp in 1999 in the cypress forest in the north, which houses members of the Cooperative Farming Society "Francisco Javier Maytorena, S.C. of R.L.", that removes goats from the island and sells them in the State of Sonora, with permission of SEMARNAT and the support of the Ministry of the Navy. Monterey Cypresses (Cupressus macrocarpa) planted in Melbourne, Australia Cypress is the name applied to many plants in the conifer family Cupressaceae (cypress family). ... Sonora is a state in northwestern Mexico, bordering the states of Chihuahua to the east, Sinaloa to the south, and Baja California to the northwest. ...

Campo Pista is located at the small airstrip (1200 m) near the center of the island. [3]

Environment

NASA satellite image

Guadalupe shares the California chaparral and woodlands ecoregion with the Channel Islands of California in the United States, but the island has been practically denuded of all plants higher than a few centimeters due to tens of thousands of goats. Originally brought there in the early 19th century by primarily Russian whalers and sealers for provisions when stopping over, the population eventually eliminated most vegetation; the number of goats declined to a few thousand. Eradication of the goats was long envisioned, but logistical difficulties such as island size and lack of suitable spots for landing and encamping hunters and material prevented this. As of June 2005, after many years of false starts, the Mexican government has almost completed a round-up and evacuation of the remaining goat population; it has been designated a biosphere reserve. The island had been a nature conservancy area since August 16, 1928, making it one of the oldest reserves in Mexico. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 284 × 598 pixelsFull resolution (345 × 727 pixel, file size: 411 KB, MIME type: image/png) NASA World Wind screenshot +75% brightness +50% contrast File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 284 × 598 pixelsFull resolution (345 × 727 pixel, file size: 411 KB, MIME type: image/png) NASA World Wind screenshot +75% brightness +50% contrast File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are... The California chaparral and woodlands is a terrestrial ecoregion of central and southern California (United States) and northwestern Baja California (Mexico), located on the west coast of North America. ... The Channel Islands of California, also called the Santa Barbara Islands, are a chain of eight islands located in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Southern California along the Santa Barbara Channel in the United States of America. ... Species See Species and subspecies The goat is a mammal in the genus Capra, which consists of nine species: the Ibex, the West Caucasian Tur, the East Caucasian Tur, the Markhor, and the Wild Goat. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... A false-color composite of global oceanic and terrestrial photoautotroph abundance, from September 1997 to August 2000. ... It has been suggested that Reserve design be merged into this article or section. ... is the 228th day of the year (229th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1928 (MCMXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Of the tree species (a palm–Guadalupe Palm-(B.edulis), a cypress, an oak–Island Oak, and a pine), there were only old individuals left. As the goats ate any seedlings that managed to germinate, no regeneration of trees was possible. Water, formerly plentiful as the common fogs condensed in the forests of the northern end of the island, today only occurs in a few scattered pools and springs. Because the springs were a critical emergency water supply for the human inhabitants, protective measures including goat fences were installed beginning in 2000, allowing new seedlings of many species to survive for the first time in 150 years. Binomial name Brahea edulis H.Wendl. ... Binomial name Quercus tomentella Engelm. ... 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Climate

The islands two major climate zones: a very arid, semi-hot climate between 0 and 800 meters elevation, with mean annual temperature between 18-22°C, and a very arid, temperate climate above 800 meters elevation with temperatures over 22°C in the hottest month of the year.

Most precipitation occurs over the winter months with strong influence of northwestern winds and cyclones. Radar image of a tropical cyclone in the northern hemisphere. ...

Wildlife

Many unique island or marine species that reside on or near Guadalupe also frequent the Channel Islands, and vice-versa. Guadalupe is considered one of the best spots in the world for sightings of the Great White Shark, possibly because of its large population of pinnipeds. A joint team from the USA and Mexico (U.C Davis and CICIMAR) are working in tandem with eco-tour operators Horizon Charters, Islander Charters and Shark Diver to tag and study these sharks. It was the last refuge for the Northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) and the Guadalupe fur seal (Arctocephalus townsendi). The island has been a pinniped sanctuary since 1975. Binomial name (Linnaeus, 1758) Range (in blue) The great white shark, Carcharodon carcharias, also known as white pointer, white shark, or white death, is an exceptionally large lamniforme shark found in coastal surface waters in all major oceans. ... subfamilies Otariidae Phocidae Odobenidae Pinnipeds are large marine mammals belonging to the Pinnipedia, a family (sometimes a suborder or superfamily, depending on the classification scheme) of the order Carnivora. ... Binomial name Mirounga angustirostris (Gill, 1866) The Northern Elephant Seal (Mirounga angustirostris) is one of two species of elephant seal (the other is the Southern Elephant Seal). ... Binomial name Merriam, 1897 Dark blue: breeding colonies; light blue: other colonies. ... Year 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Species

• Guadalupe Fur Seal (Arctocephalus townsendi)
• Guadalupe Junco (Junco insularis)
• Guadalupe Cypress (Cupressus guadalupensis)
• Guadalupe Island Monterey Pine (Pinus radiata var. binata)

Numerous species and subspecies have gone extinct due to the habitat destruction by the goats, which in turn rendered the endemic fauna vulnerable to predation by introduced cats and to adverse weather by depriving them of shelter. There have been 5-6 extinctions of birds alone: Binomial name Merriam, 1897 Dark blue: breeding colonies; light blue: other colonies. ... Binomial name Junco insularis (Ridgway, 1876) Synonyms Junco hyemalis insularis The Guadalupe Junco Junco insularis is a critically endangered bird endemic to Guadalupe Island, Mexico. ... Binomial name Cupressus guadalupensis S.Watson Cupressus guadalupensis is a species of cypress native to Guadalupe Island off Baja California, Mexico, and scattered north to southernmost California in the United States; it is always found in small, scattered populations. ... Binomial name Pinus radiata D.Don Pinus radiata (family Pinaceae) is known in English as Monterey Pine in some parts of the world (mainly in the USA, Canada and the British Isles), and Radiata Pine in others (primarily Australia, New Zealand and Chile). ... In biology and ecology, extinction is the ceasing of existence of a species or group of species. ...

• Guadalupe Storm Petrel (Oceanodroma macrodactyla), 1911
• Guadalupe Flicker (Colaptes cafer rufipileus), 1906 - the island was later recolonized by individuals of the nominate subspecies
• Guadalupe Bewick's Wren (Thyromanes bewickii brevicauda), 1903
• Guadalupe Spotted Towhee (Pipilo maculatus consobrinus), 1897

The Guadalupe Ruby-crowned Kinglet (Regulus calendula obscurus) is close to extinction, if it indeed still exists. It was not observed in 2000 despite thorough searches. Binomial name Oceanodroma macrodactyla Bryant, 1887 The Guadalupe Storm-petrel (Oceanodroma macrodactyla) is (or was) a small seabird of the storm-petrel family Hydrobatidae. ... Year 1911 (MCMXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Binomial name Colaptes auratus (Linnaeus, 1758) The Flicker (Colaptes auratus) is a North American woodpecker with a brown back. ... 1906 (MCMVI) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Binomial name Thryomanes bewickii (Audubon, 1829) Subspecies 15-20; see article text The Bewicks Wren (Thryomanes bewickii) is a wren native to North America. ... 1900 (MCMIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Friday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar. ... Binomial name Pipilo maculatus Swainson, 1827 The Spotted Towhee, Pipilo maculatus, is a large sparrow. ... 1897 (MDCCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Binomial name Regulus calendula (Linnaeus, 1766) The Ruby-crowned Kinglet, Regulus calendula, is a very small songbird. ... 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The Guadalupe Caracara (Polyborus lutosus) was intentionally made extinct by humans around 1901, ironically because it occasionally preyed on young goats. Binomial name Polyborus lutosus (Ridgway, 1876) The Guadalupe Caracara (Polyborus lutosus) is an extinct member of the raptor family of birds. ... 1901 (MCMI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

Seacology, a non-profit environmental group located in Berkeley, CA, provided funding to the Island Conservation & Ecology Group for the construction of ten fenced exclosures to keep goats out of the most sensitive areas of Guadalupe Island. Seacology is a non-profit, non-governmental organization with the sole mission of preserving the ecosystems and cultures of islands throughout the globe. ...

Geography, and geology

Island map

Guadalupe has a rugged landscape. It consists of two ancient overlapping shield volcanoes, of which the northern and higher volcano (Mount Augusta) is the younger. The island measures 35 km north-south and up to 9.5 km east-west, with a total area of 243.988 km² (94.2 square miles). It features a chain of high volcanic mountain ridges which rises to a height of 1298 meters (4257 feet) at its northern end (Mount Augusta). The southern part of the island is barren, but there are fertile valleys and trees in the northern part. The coast generally consists of rocky bluffs with detached rocks fronting some of them. Two high and prominent islets are within 3 km of the southwestern end of the island, separated from one another by a gap called Tuna Alley: Image File history File links Download high resolution version (507x724, 42 KB) Summary http://pasadena. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (507x724, 42 KB) Summary http://pasadena. ... Shield volcano A shield volcano is a large volcano with shallowly-sloping sides. ...

• Islote Afuera (Outer Islet, also Islote Zapato), 28°51′53″N, 118°17′41″W, 0.015 km², the most distant, steep with almost vertical walls above and below water
• Islote Adentro (Inner Islet, also El Toro), 28°52′18″N, 118°17′34″W, 0.393 km², with two smaller islets nearby:
  • Church Rock
  • Roca del Skip

Elsewhere, the other islets are very small and close to the shore, all less than one kilometer away:

• Islote Negro, 28°54′23″N, 118°17′18″W, 0.088 km², to the southwest
• Roca Hundida, 28°55′00″N, 118°18′00″W, 0.003 km², to the southwest
• Islote Bernal, 28°56′04″N, 118°17′53″W, 0.011 km², to the southwest
• unnamed islet, 28°56′49″N, 118°17′42″W, 0.005 km², 2 km north of Islote Bernal
• unnamed islet, 28°56′59″N, 118°17′48″W, 0.002 km², 4 km north of Islote Bernal
• Steamboat Rock, 0.003 km², to the west
• Roca Elefante, 0.001 km², to the northwest (the westernmost)

References

• Link to tables of population data from Census of 2005 INEGI: Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática

External links

• Great White shark research program update
• Sailing directions, with geographical information
• Photographs of Isla Guadalupe
• Expedition 2000 to Isla Guadalupe—A Binational Multidisciplinary Expedition
• Guadalupe Island, another paradise that is lost - pre-removal profile of island
• Seacology Guadalupe Island Project - updates on ecosystem
• Guadalupe Island Restoration Project - Island Conservation
• Google Maps Image

• Maps and aerial photos for 28°52′00″N 118°18′00″W / 28.883333, -118.3Coordinates: 28°52′00″N 118°18′00″W / 28.883333, -118.3
  • Satellite image from WikiMapia, Google Maps or Windows Live Local
  • Street map from MapQuest or Google Maps
  • Topographic map from TopoZone
  • Aerial image from TerraServer-USA