Gualberto Villarroel López (b. 1908 d. 1946) was the head of state of Bolivia from 20 December 1943 to 21 July 1946. He is remembered mainly for his alleged fascist sympathies, and he is sometimes compared with Juan Domingo Perón.

Villarroel overthrew President Enrique Peñaranda. He formed a coalition with the Revolutionary Nationalist Movement, Bolivia's main political party. However, the government's dictatorial policies and extreme anti-Semitism (all Jewish immigration was banned) caused the MNR to break with Villarroel.

Villarroel was deposed, shot and hanged by an angry mob as political tensions escalated over his government's economic policy.