The Guardians of Scotland were the de facto heads of state of Scotland during the First Interregnum of 1290-1292, and the Second Interregnum of 1296-1306. De facto is a Latin expression that means in fact or in practice. It is commonly used as opposed to de jure (meaning by law) when referring to matters of law or governance or technique (such as standards), that are found in the common experience as created or developed without... A head of state or chief of state is the chief public representative of a nation-state, federation or commonwealth, whose role generally includes personifying the continuity and legitimacy of the state and exercising the political powers, functions and duties granted to the head of state in the countrys... ... The list of monarchs of Scotland (Scottish Gælic: Rìghrean agus Bàn-rìghrean na h-Alba) concerns the Kingdom of Scotland (Alba) which was first unified as a state by Kenneth I of Scotland in 843. ... For broader historical context, see 1290s and 13th century. ... For broader historical context, see 1290s and 13th century. ... The list of monarchs of Scotland (Scottish Gælic: Rìghrean agus Bàn-rìghrean na h-Alba) concerns the Kingdom of Scotland (Alba) which was first unified as a state by Kenneth I of Scotland in 843. ... Events March 30 - Edward I stormed Berwick-upon-Tweed, sacking the then Scottish border town with much bloodshed. ... Events March 25 - Robert the Bruce becomes King of Scotland June 19 - Forces of Earl of Pembroke defeat Bruces Scottish rebels at the Battle of Methven Philip IV of France exiles all the Jews from France and confiscates their property In London, a city ordinance degrees that heating with...

Guardians of Scotland during the First Interregnum 1290-1292

• William Fraser, Bishop of St Andrews
• Donnchadh IV of Fife
• Alexander Comyn, 2nd Earl of Buchan
• Robert Wishart, Bishop of Glasgow
• James Stewart, 5th High Steward of Scotland
• John Comyn

Mormaer Donnchadh IV of Fife ruled Fife, 1288 – 1353, and was in fact the last of the native Scottish rulers of the province. ... In the Peerage of Scotland the Kings of Scots have thrice created the title Earl of Buchan. ... The Archbishop of Glasgow is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese of Glasgow. ... The High Steward or Great Steward was given in the 12th century to Walter Fitzalan, whose descendants became the Stewart family. ... John Comyn, Lord of Badenoch, nicknamed the Red Comyn, (died 10 February 1306) was a Scottish patriot and royal Competitor. ...

Guardians of Scotland during the Second Interregnum 1296-1306

• Andrew de Moray (1297)
• Sir William Wallace (1297-1298)
• Robert the Bruce, Earl of Carrick (1298-1300)
• John Comyn (1298-1301)
• William Lamberton, Bishop of St Andrews (1299-1301)
• Sir Ingram de Umfraville (1300-1301)
• John de Soules (1301-1304)
• John Comyn (1302-1304)

Andrew de Moray, a member of the Scottish nobility, went to prison with his father, Sir Andrew de Moray, following the 1296 Battle of Dunbar. ... Events 8 January - Monaco gains independence. ... Sir William Wallace (c. ... Events 8 January - Monaco gains independence. ... Events July 2 - The Battle of Göllheim is fought between Albert I of Habsburg and Adolf of Nassau-Weilburg. ... Robert I, King of Scots, usually known as Robert the Bruce (July 11, 1274 – June 7, 1329, reigned 1306 – 1329), was, according to a modern biographer (Geoffrey Barrow), a great hero who lived in a minor country. ... The Earldom of Carrick has been created several times in the Peerage of Scotland and once in the Peerage of Ireland. ... Events July 2 - The Battle of Göllheim is fought between Albert I of Habsburg and Adolf of Nassau-Weilburg. ... Events Beginning of the Renaissance. ... John Comyn, Lord of Badenoch, nicknamed the Red Comyn, (died 10 February 1306) was a Scottish patriot and royal Competitor. ... Events July 2 - The Battle of Göllheim is fought between Albert I of Habsburg and Adolf of Nassau-Weilburg. ... Events February 7 - Edward of Caernarvon (later King Edward II of England) becomes the first Prince of Wales End of the reign of Emperor Go-Fushimi, emperor of Japan Emperor Go-Nijō ascends to the throne of Japan Dante was sent into Exile in Florence. ... Events Osman I declares the independence of the Ottoman Principality The County of Holland is annexed by the County of Hainaut April 1, 1299 Kings Towne on the River Hull granted city status by Royal Charter of King Edward I of England. ... Events February 7 - Edward of Caernarvon (later King Edward II of England) becomes the first Prince of Wales End of the reign of Emperor Go-Fushimi, emperor of Japan Emperor Go-Nijō ascends to the throne of Japan Dante was sent into Exile in Florence. ... Events Beginning of the Renaissance. ... Events February 7 - Edward of Caernarvon (later King Edward II of England) becomes the first Prince of Wales End of the reign of Emperor Go-Fushimi, emperor of Japan Emperor Go-Nijō ascends to the throne of Japan Dante was sent into Exile in Florence. ... Events February 7 - Edward of Caernarvon (later King Edward II of England) becomes the first Prince of Wales End of the reign of Emperor Go-Fushimi, emperor of Japan Emperor Go-Nijō ascends to the throne of Japan Dante was sent into Exile in Florence. ... Events 20 July - Fall of Stirling Castle: Edward I of England takes the last rebel stronghold in the Wars of Scottish Independence. ... John Comyn, Lord of Badenoch, nicknamed the Red Comyn, (died 10 February 1306) was a Scottish patriot and royal Competitor. ... Events July 11 - Battle of the Golden Spurs (Guldensporenslag in Dutch), major victory of Flanders over the French occupier. ... Events 20 July - Fall of Stirling Castle: Edward I of England takes the last rebel stronghold in the Wars of Scottish Independence. ...

See also

• Competitors for the crown of Scotland
• History of Scotland