Melghat Tiger Reserve is a natural reservation area located on the southern offshoot of the Satpura Hill Range in Central India, in the Amravati District of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It forms part of India's Project Tiger. The high ridge running east-west which has its highest point at Vairat (1178 m. above msl.), forms the southwestern boundary of the Reserve. It is a prime habitat of the tiger. The forest is tropical dry deciduous in nature, dominated by teak Tectona grandis. The Reserve is a catchment area for five major rivers viz. Khandu River,Khapra River,Sipna River,Gadga River and Dolar River, all of which are tributaries of the river Tapti. The northeastern boundary of the Reserve is marked by the Tapti river. The Satpura Range is a range of hills in central India. ... Amravati (also Amrawati or Amraoti) is a city in the state of Maharashtra in India. ... Maharashtra (महाराष्ट्र) is Indias third largest state in terms of area and second largest in terms of population after Uttar Pradesh. ... Project Tiger is a wildlife conservation project launched in India in 1972 to protect the depleting numbers of tigers in India. ... The Tapti River is a river of central India. ...

The altitude ranges from 350 to 1178 metres above mean sea level and the annual rainfall is 1500 to 2200 mm.

Conservation History

Melghat area was declared a Tiger Reserve in 1974. Presently, the total area of the Reserve is around 1677 km². The core area of the Reserve, the Gugarnal National Park with an area of 361.28 km², and buffer area of the Reserve, the Melghat Tiger Sanctuary with an area of 788.28 km² (of which 21.39 km² is non-forest), were together re-notified by the state government in 1994 as Melghat Sanctuary. The remaining area is managed as a 'multiple use area'. Previously, Melghat Tiger Sanctuary was created in 1985 with an area of 1597.23 km². Gugarnal National Park was carved out of this Sanctuary in 1987. 1974 is a common year starting on Tuesday (click on link for calendar). ...

Wan Sanctuary is an extension to the Melghat Sanctuary and is on southeastern part of it.

Flora

More than 700 naturalised plant species have been enlisted in the Flora of Melghat. These species belong to about 400 genera representing as many as 97 families. There are 90 trees species, 66 shrubs species, 316 herbs species, 56 climbers, 23 sedges and 99 grass species. Teak Tectona grandis is the predominant tree species. The most commonly occurring species are Lagerstroemia parviflora, Lannea coromandelica, Emblica officinalis, Terminalia tomentosa, Anogeissus latifolia and Oujenia oojeinesis. Bamboo Dendrocalamus strictus is widespread.

Fauna

Mammals: Tiger, leopard, sloth bear, dhole, jackal, sambar, gaur, barking deer, nilgai, chital, chausingha, ratel, flying squirrel, wild boar, langur, Rhesus macaque, porcupine, pangolin, mouse deer, python, otter, caracal, blacknaped hare. Tigers (Panthera tigris) are mammals of the Felidae family and one of four big cats in the Panthera genus. ... Binomial name Panthera pardus (Linnaeus, 1758) Leopards (Panthera pardus) are one of the four big cats of the genus Panthera. ... Binomial name Melursus ursinus (Shaw, 1791) The Sloth Bear (Melursus ursinus) is a nocturnal bear with shaggy fur which inhabits the lowland forests of India, Nepal, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. ... Binomial name Cuon alpinus (Pallas, 1811) The Dhole (Cuon alpinus) is a species of wild dog of the Canidae family. ... Species Canis aureus Canis adustus Canis mesomelas Canis simensis A jackal is any of four small to medium-sized members of the family Canidae, found in Africa and Asia. ... Sambar may refer to: Sambar, a kind of deer Sambar, a lentil-based dish common in South India This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Binomial name Bos gaurus H. Smith, 1827 The Gaur (Bos gaurus, previously Bibos gauris) is a large, dark-coated ox of the hilly areas of India and Southeast Asia, which may be found wild or domesticated. ... Species 10 species, see text Muntjac are deer of the genus Muntiacus, also known as Barking Deer. ... Binomial name Boselaphus tragocamelus Pall. ... Binomial name Axis axis (Erxleben, 1777) The chital (also spelled cheetal) is a large spotted deer which commonly inhabits wooded regions of Sri Lanka and most of India. ... Binomial name Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758 The Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) is the wild ancestor of the domesticated pig. ... Subfamilies Cercopithecinae - 11 genera Colobinae - 9 genera The Old World monkeys or Cercopithecidae are a group of primates, falling in the superfamily Cercopithecoidea in the clade Catarrhini. ... The four species of chevrotain, also known as mouse deer, make up the family Tragulidae. ... Binomial name Caracal caracal (Schreber, 1776) The Caracal, also called Persian lynx or African lynx (Caracal caracal, sometimes Felis caracal), is a medium-sized wild cat. ...

Tourism

A 40 km² tourism zone has been established near Semadoh. During 1992-93 to 1996-97, on an average, about 6000 tourists availed of the tourism facility annually. Tourists visit the Reserve in the three available minibuses to view wildlife.

The Nature education and interpretation centre at Semadoh has four dormitories (64 beds) 10 huts (20 beds) and tent facility. Tent facility (6 tents) has been established at 11 different places to facilitate trekking in the Reserve.

Gugarnal National Park

Gugarnal National Park forms the core area of the Melghat Tiger Reserve, and has the area of 361.28 km².

Wan Sanctuary

Wan Sanctuary or Wan Wildlife Sanctuary is an extension to the Melghat Sanctuary and is on southeastern part of it.

Gawilgarh Fort

A fort built in 12th Centuary and is located at 21.22 N and 77.25 E.

The fort was successfully assaulted by Governor Arthur Wellesley from Raghuji Bhonsle II , Maratha Maharaja of Nagpur in 1803 during Second Anglo-Maratha War. Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington (1 May 1769–14 September 1852) was an Anglo-Irish soldier and statesman, widely considered one of the leading military and political figures of the 19th century. ... The Bhonsle were a prominent Maratha clan who served as rulers of several states in India. ... Maratha is a kshatriya (warrior) caste of Marathi language speaking people primarily residing in the plains and hills of Indias western state of Maharashtra. ... The Second Anglo-Maratha War (1803 - 1805) was a second conflict between Britain and the Maratha empire in India. ...

Also referred as Gawilghur earlier. Gawilghur is the name of very well fortified stronghold of the Maratha Empire. ...

National Parks of India
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