Guillaume Apollinaire

Guillaume Apollinaire (August 26, 1880 – November 9, 1918) was a poet, writer, and art critic. Among the foremost French poets of the early 20th century, he is credited with coining the word surrealism and writing one of the earliest works described as surrealist, the play Les Mamelles de Tirésias (1917). Two years after being wounded in World War I, he died at 38 of the Spanish flu during a pandemic. August 26 is the 238th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (239th in leap years). ... 1880 (MDCCCLXXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... November 9 is the 313th day of the year (314th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 52 days remaining. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... A poet is some one who writes poetry. ... The term writer can apply to anyone who creates a written work, but the word more usually designates those who write creatively or professionally, or those who have written in many different forms. ... An art critic is normally a person who have a speciality in giving reviews mainly of the types of fine art you will find on display. Typically the art critic will go to an art exhibition where works of art are displayed in the traditional way in localities especially made... Surrealism[1] is a movement stating that the liberation of our mind, and subsequently the liberation of the individual self and society, can be achieved by exercising the imaginative faculties of the unconscious mind to the attainment of a dream-like state different from, or ultimately ‘truer’ than, everyday reality. ... Surrealism is an artistic movement and an aesthetic philosophy that aims for the liberation of the mind by emphasizing the critical and imaginative powers of the subconscious. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Les Mamelles de Tirésias (The Breasts of Tiresias) is a two act opera by Francis Poulenc based on a text by Guillaume Apollinaire. ... 1917 (MCMXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar. ... Combatants Allied Powers: France Italy Russia Serbia United Kingdom United States Central Powers: Austria-Hungary Bulgaria Germany Ottoman Empire Commanders Douglas Haig John Jellicoe Ferdinand Foch Georges Clemenceau Luigi Cadorna Nicholas II Aleksei Brusilov Woodrow Wilson John Pershing Wilhelm II Paul von Hindenburg Reinhard Scheer Franz Josef I Conrad von... The Spanish Flu Pandemic (less misleadingly called the 1918 flu pandemic) was a pandemic in 1918 and 1919 caused by an unusually severe and deadly strain of the subtype H1N1 of the species Influenza A virus (which apparently killed via cytokine storm, explaining the severe nature and unusual age distribution). ...

Life

Born Wilhelm Albert Vladimir Apollinaris Kostrowitzky / Wąż-Kostrowicki in Rome, Italy, and raised speaking French, among other languages, he emigrated to France and adopted the name Guillaume Apollinaire. His mother, born Angelica Kostrowicka, was a Pole of the Szlachta nobility born near Nowogródek (now in Belarus). His father is unknown but may have been Francesco Flugi d'Aspermont, a Swiss-Italian aristocrat who disappeared early from Apollinaire's life. Wąż - is a Polish Coat of Arms. ... Nickname: The Eternal City Location within Province of Rome in the Region of Lazio Coordinates: Region Lazio Province Province of Rome Mayor of Rome Walter Veltroni Area    - City 1,285 km²  (496. ... Polish szlachcic. ... Navahradak (Нава́градак in Belarusian; Polish: Nowogródek; Russian: Novogrudok, Lithuanian: Naugardukas) is a Belarusian city with an old history, the first capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. ...

Apollinaire was one of the most popular members of the artistic community of Montparnasse in Paris. His friends and collaborators during that period included Pablo Picasso, Max Jacob, André Salmon, Marie Laurencin, André Breton, André Derain, Blaise Cendrars, Pierre Reverdy, Jean Cocteau, Erik Satie, Ossip Zadkine, Marc Chagall and Marcel Duchamp. In 1911, he joined the Puteaux Group, a branch of the cubist movement. On September 7 of the same year, police arrested and jailed him on suspicion of stealing the Mona Lisa, but released him a week later. The Montparnasse Tower, which at 209m was the tallest building in Western Europe when it was built. ... Young Pablo Picasso Pablo Picasso (October 25, 1881 – April 8, 1973) was a Spanish painter and sculptor. ... In 1915, Max Jacob and Pablo Picasso Max Jacob (July 12, 1876 – March 5, 1944) was a French poet, painter, writer, and critic. ... André Salmon (October 4, 1881, Paris - March 12, 1969, Sanary-sur-Mer in Provence), French poet, art critic and writer. ... Marie Laurencin photographed by Carl Van Vechten, 1949 Marie Laurencin (October 31, 1883 — June 8, 1956) was a Parisian painter and engraver. ... André Breton (February 18, 1896 – September 28, 1966) was a French writer, poet, and surrealist theorist. ... Charing Cross Bridge, London (1906) André Derain (June 10, 1880 - September 8, 1954) was a French painter and a illustrator. ... Frédéric Louis Sauser (September 1, 1887 - January 21, 1961), better known as Blaise Cendrars, was a Swiss novelist and poet. ... Pierre Reverdy (13 September 1889 - 17 June 1960) is a French poet associated with surrealism and cubism. ... Jean Cocteau Jean Maurice Eugène Clément Cocteau (July 5, 1889 – October 11, 1963) was a French poet, novelist, dramatist, designer, boxing manager and filmmaker. ... Eric Alfred Leslie Satie (Honfleur, 17 May 1866 – Paris, 1 July 1925) was a French composer and pianist. ... Ossip Zadkine (July 14, 1890 – November 25, 1967) was an artist and sculptor. ... Marc Chagall as photographed in 1941 by Carl Van Vechten. ... Marcel Duchamp. ... 1911 (MCMXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar). ... The Puteaux Group is the name applied to a group of European artists and critics associated with Cubism but because of their unique style, were branded a Cubist offshoot called Orphism. ... Woman with a guitar by Georges Braque, 1913 Cubism was an avant-garde art movement that revolutionised European painting and sculpture in the early 20th century. ... September 7 is the 250th day of the year (251st in leap years). ... Mona Lisa, or La Gioconda (La Joconde), is a 16th-century oil painting on poplar wood by Leonardo da Vinci, and is arguably the most famous painting in the world. ...

He fought in World War I and, in 1916, received a serious shrapnel wound to the temple (see photo). He wrote Les Mamelles de Tirésias while recovering from this wound. During this period he coined the word surrealism in the program notes for Jean Cocteau and Erik Satie's ballet Parade, first performed on 18 May 1917. He also published an artistic manifesto, L'Esprit nouveau et les poètes. Apollinaire's status as a critic is most famous and influential in his recognition of the Marquis de Sade, whose works were for a long time obscure as, "The freest spirit that ever existed." Combatants Allied Powers: France Italy Russia Serbia United Kingdom United States Central Powers: Austria-Hungary Bulgaria Germany Ottoman Empire Commanders Douglas Haig John Jellicoe Ferdinand Foch Georges Clemenceau Luigi Cadorna Nicholas II Aleksei Brusilov Woodrow Wilson John Pershing Wilhelm II Paul von Hindenburg Reinhard Scheer Franz Josef I Conrad von... 1916 (MCMXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... Les Mamelles de Tirésias (The Breasts of Tiresias) is a two act opera by Francis Poulenc based on a text by Guillaume Apollinaire. ... Surrealism[1] is a movement stating that the liberation of our mind, and subsequently the liberation of the individual self and society, can be achieved by exercising the imaginative faculties of the unconscious mind to the attainment of a dream-like state different from, or ultimately ‘truer’ than, everyday reality. ... Jean Cocteau Jean Maurice Eugène Clément Cocteau (July 5, 1889 – October 11, 1963) was a French poet, novelist, dramatist, designer, boxing manager and filmmaker. ... Eric Alfred Leslie Satie (Honfleur, 17 May 1866 – Paris, 1 July 1925) was a French composer and pianist. ... The Waltz of the Snowflakes from Tchaikovskys The Nutcracker. ... Parade is a ballet with music by Erik Satie and a one-act scenario by Jean Cocteau. ... May 18 is the 138th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (139th in leap years). ... 1917 (MCMXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar. ... Guillaume Apollinaire (August 26, 1880 _ November 9, 1918) was a poet, writer, and art critic. ... Portrait of the Marquis de Sade by Charles-Amédée-Philippe van Loo (c. ...

The war-weakened Apollinaire died of influenza during the Spanish Flu pandemic of 1918. He was interred in the Le Père Lachaise Cemetery, Paris. Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is an infectious disease that infects birds and mammals (primarily of the upper airways and lungs in mammals) and is caused by an RNA virus of the Orthomyxoviridae family (the influenza viruses). ... The Spanish Flu Pandemic (less misleadingly called the 1918 flu pandemic) was a pandemic in 1918 and 1919 caused by an unusually severe and deadly strain of the subtype H1N1 of the species Influenza A virus (which apparently killed via cytokine storm, explaining the severe nature and unusual age distribution). ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... Père Lachaise - Wikipedia /**/ @import /w/skins-1. ... Part of the Paris skyline with from left to right: Montparnasse Tower, Eiffel Tower, and in the background, towers of neighboring La Défense. ...

Works

Apollinaire's first collection of poetry was L'enchanteur pourrissant (1909), but Alcools (1913) established his reputation. The poems, influenced in part by the Symbolists, juxtapose the old and the new, combining traditional poetic forms with modern imagery. In 1913, Apollinaire published the essay Les Peintres cubistes on the cubist painters, a movement which he helped to define. He also coined the term orphism to describe a tendency towards absolute abstraction in the paintings of Robert Delaunay and others. The Chinese poem Quatrain on Heavenly Mountain by Emperor Gaozong (Song Dynasty) Poetry (from the Greek , poesis, making or creating) is a form of art in which language is used for its aesthetic qualities in addition to, or in lieu of, its ostensible meaning. ... Guillaume Apollinaire Guillaume Apollinaire (August 26, 1880 – November 9, 1918) was a poet, writer, and art critic. ... 1909 (MCMIX) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1913 (MCMXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday. ... La mort du fossoyeur (The death of the gravedigger) by Carlos Schwabe is a visual compendium of Symbolist motifs. ... 1913 (MCMXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday. ... An essay is a short work that treats a topic from an authors personal point of view, often taking into account subjective experiences and personal reflections upon them. ... Woman with a guitar by Georges Braque, 1913 Cubism was an avant-garde art movement that revolutionised European painting and sculpture in the early 20th century. ... Orphism or Orphic cubism, is a term coined in 1912 France by the poet Guillaume Apollinaire. ... Robert Delaunay was a french artist who used abstractism and cubism in his work. ...

In 1907, Apollinaire wrote the well-known erotic novel, The Eleven Thousand Rods (Les Onze Mille Verges). Officially banned in France until 1970, various printings of it circulated widely for many years. Apollinaire never publicly acknowledged authorship of the novel. Another erotic novel attributed to him was The Exploits of a Young Don Juan (Les exploits d'un jeune Don Juan), in which the 15-year-old hero fathers three children with various members of his entourage, including his aunt. The book was made into a movie in 1987. Eroticism is an aesthetic focused on sexual desire, especially the feelings of anticipation of sexual activity. ... A novel (from French nouvelle Italian novella, new) is an extended, generally fictional narrative in prose. ... 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1970 calendar). ... Don Juan is a legendary fictional libertine, whose story has been told many times by different authors. ... 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Shortly after his death, Calligrammes, a collection of his concrete poetry (poetry in which typography and layout adds to the overall effect), was published. Concrete poetry is poetry in which the typographical arrangement of words is as important in conveying the intended effect as the conventional elements of the poem, such as meaning of words, rhythm, rhyme and so on. ...

Bibliography

Wąż Coat of Arms, the Coat of Arms of Apollinaire's Mother's family

• La Gráce et le Maintien Français, 1902 (with Molina da Silva)
• Les exploits d’un jeune Don Juan, 1907
• Les onze mille verges, 1907
• L'enchanteur pourrissant, 1909
• L'Hérèsiarque et Cie, 1910
• Le Théâtre Italien, 1910
• Le bestiaire ou le cortège d’Orphée, 1911
• Alcools, 1913
• Les peintres cubistes, 1913
• La Fin de Babylone, 1914
• Case d'Armons, 1915
• Le poète assassiné, 1916
• Les mamelles de Tirésias, 1917
• L'esprit nouveau et les poètes, 1918
• Calligrammes, 1918
• Le Flâneur des Deux Rives, 1918
• La femme assise, 1920
• Le guetteur mélancolique

Waz Clan This work is copyrighted. ... Waz Clan This work is copyrighted. ... Wąż - is a Polish Coat of Arms. ...

Selected references

• Apollinaire, Marcel Adéma, 1954
• Apollinaire, Poet among the Painters, F. Steegmuller, 1963, 1971, 1973
• Apollinaire, M. Davies, 1964
• Guillaume Apollinaire, S. Bates, 1967
• Guillaume Apollinaire, P. Adéma, 1968
• The Banquet Years, Roger Shattuck, 1968
• Apollinaire, R. Couffignal, 1975
• Guillaume Apollinaire, L.C. Breuning, 1980
• Reading Apollinaire, T. Mathews, 1987
• Guillaume Apollinaire, J. Grimm, 1993

External links

Wikisource has original text related to this article:

Guillaume Apollinaire

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Guillaume Apollinaire

• Official site
• Works by Guillaume Apollinaire at Project Gutenberg
• Audio recording of Apollinaire reading his poem Le Pont Mirabeau-->this is NOT 'le pont mirabeau'!!! This is http://vincent.smithware.ca/media/appol_1913.mp3
• Apollinaire at ubuweb (includes examples of his work)
• The Exploits of a Young Don Juan an e-book (in French)
• Les exploits d'un jeune Don Juan at the Internet Movie Database