Gulbuddin Hekmatyar (born 1947) Islamist Mujahideen leader and warlord. He served as a rebel military commander during the Soviet war in Afghanistan as founder and leader of the centralized Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin party/militia. Later, after the Soviet Union withdrew, he held the office of prime minister twice in the 1990s and led forces during the country's civil war in the post-Soviet period. The Prime Minister of Afghanistan is a currently a defunct post in the Afghan Government. ... is the 168th day of the year (169th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 179th day of the year (180th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1994 (MCMXCIV) The year 1994 was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by the United Nations. ... Abdul Sabur Farid Kuhestani (born 1952) served as Prime Minister of Afghanistan from 6 July 1992 until 15 August 1992. ... This does not cite any references or sources. ... Year 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... President Celal Bayar, King Zahir and Lord Serwar Nasher inspecting the once world-renown cotton of Kunduz Spinzar factory Kunduz (قندوز) is a city in Afghanistan; the name has also sometimes been rendered as Kûnduz, Qonduz, Qondûz, Konduz, Kondûz, Kondoz, or Qhunduz. ... Hezbi Islami (also Hezb-i-Islami, Hezbi-Islami, Hezb-e-Islami) is a military force in Afghanistan led by Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, and established by him in Pakistan during 1975. ... Year 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Islamism is a political ideology derived from the conservative religious views of Muslim fundamentalism. ... For the Iranian opposition group, see Peoples Mujahedin of Iran. ... A warlord is a person with power who has de facto military control of a subnational area due to armed forces loyal to the warlord and not to a central authority. ... Combatants USSR DRA Mujahideen of Afghanistan Commanders Soviet forces: Sergei Sokolov Valentin Varennikov Boris Gromov DRA: Babrak Karmal Mohammad Najibullah Abdul Haq Jalaluddin Haqqani Gulbuddin Hekmatyar Ismail Khan Ahmad Shah Massoud Strength Soviet forces: 80,000-104,000 Afghan forces: 329,000 (in 1989)[1] 45,000 (in 1983) 150... The Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin started as a faction of Afghanistans Hezbi Islami Party. ... For the band, see 1990s (band). ...

One of the most controversial of the Mujahideen leaders, he has been accused of spending "more time fighting other mujahideen than killing Soviets" and wantonly killing civilians.^[1]

He is currently wanted by the United States for attempting to overthrow the Hamid Karzai-led government, and on February 19, 2003, the US State Department blacklisted Gulbuddin Hekmatyar's party as a terrorist group. ^[2] Hamid Karzai (Pashto: حامد کرزي) (b. ...

Hekmatyar speaks several languages, including English. The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ...

Early life

Gulbuddin Hekmatyar was born in 1947, in the northern Kunduz province of Afghanistan, bordering Tajikistan. Ethnically, he is a Ghilzai Pashtun of the Kharoti tribe.^[3] Year 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Kunduz is one of the provinces of Afghanistan, centered on the city of Kunduz in Afghanistan, with an area of 7,827 km square, and a population of about 583,000. ... The Ghilzais (also known as Khiljis or Ghaljis) are one of two largest groups of Pashtuns, along with the Durrani tribe, found in Afghanistan with a large group also found in neighboring Pakistan. ... The Pashtuns (also Pushtun, Pakhtun, ethnic Afghan, or Pathan) are an ethno-linguistic group consisting mainly of eastern Iranian stock living primarily in eastern and southern Afghanistan, and the North West Frontier Province, Federally Administered Tribal Areas and Baluchistan provinces of Pakistan. ... Kharoti is a Pashtun tribe. ...

Afghan businessman and Kharoti tribal leader Gholam Serwar Nasher deemed Hekmatyar to be a bright young man and sent him to a military school and then to Kabul University to join the engineering department in 1968. Hekmatyar thus earned the nickname of "Engineer Hekmatyar," a term frequently used by his followers and allies.^{[citation needed]} Lord Nasher and Prince Philip in Kunduz. ... Kabul University (Persian: دانشگاه کابل) is located in Kabul, Afghanistan. ... Year 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Hekmatyar joined the underground Muslim Youth group in 1970. He also joined the leftist People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA), the future ruling party of the country under Soviet domination. He remained active until a 1972 incident in which he found guilty of killing a rival left-wing student and sent to jail for two years. When Daoud Khan seized power from King Zahir in 1973, Hekmatyar escaped and fled to Pakistan, where he and other Afghan exiles regrouped and established contacts with Pakistani intelligence. A muslim Group founded by Kotb in Egypt. ... Year 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Peoples Democratic Party of Afghanistan (in Persian: حزب دموکراتيک خلق افغانستان, in Pashto: د افغانستان د خلق دموکراټیک ګوند, PDPA) was a Soviet-aligned Revisionist party that ruled Afghanistan from 1978 to 1991 with the help of 12000 Russian troops. ... Sardar Mohammed Daoud Khan (July 18, 1909 - April 28, 1978) was an Afghani statesman and President of the Republic of Afghanistan from 1973 until his assassination in 1978 as a result of a revolution led by the quasi-Marxist Peoples Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA). ... ... For the song by James Blunt, see 1973 (song). ...

Exile in Pakistan

While in Pakistan, Hekmatyar founded the Hezbi Islami (also Hizb-i Islami) Party in 1975 to oppose Daoud's rule in Afghanistan. Hezbi Islami's operational base was located in the Nasir Bagh, Worsak and Shamshatoo refugee camps. In these camps, Hezbi Islami formed a social and political network and operated everything from schools to prisons, reportedly with the blessing of the Pakistani government and its ISI intelligence services. [1] Hezbi Islami (also Hezb-i-Islami, Hezbi-Islami, Hezb-e-Islami) is a military force in Afghanistan led by Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, and established by him in Pakistan during 1975. ...

Soviet invasion and Soviet war

The Hezbi Islami of Gulbuddin Hekmatyar - called Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin (HIG) to distinguish it from a smaller splinter group - espouses strict Islamist ideology. At various times, it has both fought against and allied itself with almost every other group in Afghanistan. Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin received some of the strongest support from Pakistan and Saudi Arabia, and worked with thousands of foreign mujahideen who came to Afghanistan.^[4] The Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin started as a faction of Afghanistans Hezbi Islami Party. ... Islamism is a political ideology derived from the conservative religious views of Muslim fundamentalism. ...

During the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, Hekmatyar received millions of dollars from the CIA through Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI). Reagan was quoted as calling him and other Afghan leaders "the moral equivalent of the founding fathers." ^[5] According to some, ISI's decision to allocate the highest percentage of covert aid to Hekmatyar was based on his record as an effective anti-Soviet military commander in Afghanistan.^[6] Others describe his position as the result of having "almost no grassroots support and no military base inside Afghanistan," and thus being the much more "dependent on Zia's protection and financial largess" than other mujahideen factions.^[7] A Soviet soldier on guard in Afghanistan in 1988. ... The CIA Seal The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is an American intelligence agency, responsible for obtaining and analyzing information about foreign governments, corporations, and individuals, and reporting such information to the various branches of the U.S. Government. ... This article is about the Pakistani intelligence agency. ...

Hekmatyar has been harshly criticized for his behavior during the Soviet and civil war. He ordered frequent attacks on other rival factions to weaken them in order to improve his position in the post-Soviet power vacuum. An example of his tendency for internecine rivalry was his arranging the arrest of Ahmed Shah Massoud in Pakistan in 1976 on spying charges.^[8] Ahmed Shah Massoud (احمد شاه مسعود) (c. ...

The Paris based group Medecins sans Frontieres reported that Hekmatyar's guerrillas hijacked a 96 horse caravan bringing aid into northern Afghanistan in 1987, stealing a year's supply of medicine and cash that was to be distributed to villagers to buy food with. French relief officials also asserted that Thierry Niquet, an aid coordinator bringing cash to Afghan villagers, was killed by one of Hekmatyar's commanders in 1986. It is thought that two American journalists traveling with Hekmatyar in 1987, Lee Shapiro and Jim Lindalos, were killed not by the Soviets, as Hekmatyar's men claimed, but during a firefight initiated by Hekmatyar's forces against another mujahideen group. In addition, there were frequent reports throughout the war of Hekmatyar's commanders negotiating and dealing with pro-Communist local militias in northern Afghanistan.^[9] Médecins Sans Frontières (abbreviated MSF; known as Doctors Without Borders in the United States, as Médicos Sin Fronteras in the Spanish language and as Médicos Sem Fronteiras in Portuguese language) is a nonprofit private organisation created in 1971 by a small group of French doctors led... Lee Shapiro was an American documentary film maker. ...

Another critic of Hekmatyar says

By the most conservative estimates, $600 million [in aid from America] went to the Hizb party, ... Hekmatyar's party had the dubious distinction of never winning a significant battle during the war, training a variety of militant Islamists from around the world, killing significant numbers of mujahideen from other parties, and taking a virulently anti-Western line. In addition to hundreds of millions of dollars of American aid, Hekmatyar also received the lion's share of aid from the Saudis. ^[10]

Pakistan dictator General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq felt the need to warn Hekmatyar that General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq (Urdu: ) (b. ...

It was Pakistan that made him an Afghan leader and it is Pakistan who can equally destroy him if he continues to misbehave.^[11]

As the war began to appear increasingly winnable for the Mujahideen, Islamic fundamentalist elements in ISI became increasingly motivated by their desire to install the fundamentalist Hekmatyar as the new leader of a liberated Afghanistan.

Post-DRA civil war

After the fall of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan the mujahideen of the Northern Coalition took Kabul. Hekmatyar's competing Hezbi Islami forces "shelled and largely destroyed the capital."^[12] A peace agreement was signed with Ahmed Shah Massoud on May 25, 1992, which made him Prime Minister. However, the agreement fell apart when Hekmatyar was blamed for a rocket attack on President Mojaddedi's plane.^[13] The following day, Burhanuddin Rabbani's and Ahmed Shah Massoud's Jamiat and Abdul Rashid Dostum's Junbish forces resumed fighting against Hekmatyar's Hezb-i Islami forces. In 1994 Hekmatyar would shift alliances, joining with Dostum as well as Hizb-e-Wahdat, a Hazara Shi'a party.^[14] Together they laid siege to Kabul, fighting Rabbani and his Defense Minister Massoud mainly to prevent the country from division. The Democratic Republic of Afghanistan was the communist governance in Afghanistan between 1978 and 1992. ... Ahmed Shah Massoud (احمد شاه مسعود) (c. ... Sibghatullah Al-Mojaddedi (born 1926). ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Abdul Rashid Dostum (born 1954) is a general and Chief of Staff to the Commander in Chief of the Afghan National Army. ... Hizb-e-Wahdat is a political party in Afghanistan (also referred to as the Wahdat, Unity), informally representing the Hazara people of the region. ... (October 1995 - September 27 1996) during the Second Afghan Civil War Categories: | ...

From 1992 to 1996 the warring factions destroyed 70% of Kabul and killed at least 50,000 people, most of them civilians during the Afghan civil war. This devastation and factionalization discredited the warlords in the eyes of most Afghans and the Pakistan government, which abandoned HIG for the Taliban in 1994. Nonetheless, in June of 1996, Rabbani and Hekmatyar finally formed a power-sharing government in which Hekmatyar was prime minister. Year 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar). ... Year 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar). ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... The Taliban (Pashto: , also anglicized as Taleban) are a Sunni Muslim and ethnic Pashtun movement [2] that ruled most of Afghanistan from 1996 until 2001, when their leaders were removed from power by a cooperative military effort between the Northern Alliance, United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom. ...

Further information: Afghan Civil War (1992-1996)

Combatants Islamic State of Afghanistan Hezbi Islami Taliban Commanders Burhanuddin Rabbani Ahmed Shah Massoud Gulbuddin Hekmatyar Abdul Rashid Dostum Mohammed Omar Abdul Rashid Dostum joined forces with Gulbuddin Hekmatyar in 1994. ...

Taliban

Rabbani and Hekmatyar regime lasted only a few months before a new armed force, the fundamentalist and predominately Pashtun Taliban, took control of Kabul in September 1996. Many of the HIG local commanders joined the Taliban "both out of ideological sympathy and for reason of tribal solidarity." ^[15] Those that did not were expelled. In Pakistan Hezb-e-Islami training camps "were taken over by the Taliban and handed over" to Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (JUI) groups such as the Sipah-e-Sahaba Pakistan (SSP). ^[16] The Taliban (Pashto: , also anglicized as Taleban) are a Sunni Muslim and ethnic Pashtun movement [2] that ruled most of Afghanistan from 1996 until 2001, when their leaders were removed from power by a cooperative military effort between the Northern Alliance, United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom. ... The Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (Assembly of Islamic Clergy) is a political party in Pakistan. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...

Hekmatyar then fled to Iran where he continued to lead the Hezbi Islami party.

Further information: Afghan Civil War (1996-2001)

Combatants Northern Alliance Taliban Al-Qaeda Commanders Burhanuddin Rabbani Ahmed Shah Massoud † Mohammed Fahim Abdul Rashid Dostum Mohammed Omar Osama bin Laden The Afghan Civil War continued after the capture of Kabul by the Taliban, with the formation of the United Islamic Front for the Salvation of Afghanistan (more commonly...

Post-September 11 activities

After September 11, 2001 Hekmatyar, who had "worked closely" with bin Laden in early 1990s,^[17] declared his opposition to the US campaign in Afghanistan and criticized Pakistan for assisting the United States. After the U.S. invasion of Afghanistan and the fall of the Taliban, Hekmatyar rejected the U.N.-brokered accord of December 5, 2001 negotiated in Germany as a U.S.-imposed government for Afghanistan. The World Trade Center on fire The September 11, 2001 attacks were a series of coordinated terrorist attacks against the United States on September 11, 2001. ... For other uses of War in Afghanistan, see War in Afghanistan (disambiguation). ... The Taliban (Pashto: , also anglicized as Taleban) are a Sunni Muslim and ethnic Pashtun movement [2] that ruled most of Afghanistan from 1996 until 2001, when their leaders were removed from power by a cooperative military effort between the Northern Alliance, United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom. ... This article is about the United Nations, for other uses of UN see UN (disambiguation) Official languages English, French, Spanish, Russian, Chinese, Arabic Secretary-General Kofi Annan (since 1997) Established October 24, 1945 Member states 191 Headquarters New York City, NY, USA Official site http://www. ... is the 339th day of the year (340th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ...

On February 10, 2002 all the offices of Hezb-e-Islami were closed in Iran. Hekmatyar was expelled by his Iranian hosts, and his whereabouts became unknown. Some reports have pointed towards Tunisia as a possible present location. is the 41st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ...

On May 6, 2002 the U.S. CIA fired on his vehicle convoy using a Lockheed Martin manufactured AGM-114 Hellfire missile launched from an MQ-1 Predator aircraft. The missile missed its target and hit a local madrassa instead, causing several civilian casualties.^[18][19] The CIA Seal The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is an American intelligence agency, responsible for obtaining and analyzing information about foreign governments, corporations, and individuals, and reporting such information to the various branches of the U.S. Government. ... Lockheed/BAE/Northrop F-35 Lockheed Trident missile C-130 Hercules; in production since the 1950s, now as the C-130J Lockheed Martin (NYSE: LMT) is an aerospace manufacturer formed in 1995 by the merger of Lockheed Corporation with Martin Marietta. ... Type Air-to-ground and surface-to-surface Missile Nationality United States Era Cold War and through Global War on Terrorism Launch platform Rotary- and fixed-wing platforms, Unmanned aerial vehicle, tri-pods, ships, and ground vehicles Target Three warhead variants defeat an array of targets including tanks, light armored... At Paris Air Show 2007 The MQ-1 Predator is an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) which the U.S. Air Force describes as a MALE (medium-altitude, long-endurance) UAV system. ...

The United States accuse Hekmatyar of urging Taliban fighters to re-form and fight against Coalition troops in Afghanistan. He is also accused of offering bounties for those who kill U.S. troops. He has been labeled a war criminal by members of the U.S.-backed President Hamid Karzai's government. He is also a suspect behind the September 5, 2002 assassination attempt on Karzai that killed more than a dozen people. Hamid Karzai (Pashto: حامد کرزي) (b. ... is the 248th day of the year (249th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ...

In September 2002, Hekmatyar released a taped message calling for jihad against the United States. Also see: 2002 (number). ... For other uses, see Jihad (disambiguation). ...

On December 25, 2002 the news broke that American spy organizations had discovered Hekmatyar attempting to join al-Qaeda. According to the news, he had said that he was available to aid them. However, in a video released by Hekmatyar September 1, 2003, he denied forming alliances with the Taliban or al-Qaeda, but praised attacks against U.S. and international forces. is the 359th day of the year (360th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... Al-Qaeda (Arabic: القاعدة, the foundation or the base) is the name given to a worldwide network of militant Islamist organizations under the leadership of Osama bin Laden. ... is the 244th day of the year (245th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

On February 19, 2003 the United States State Department and the United States Treasury Department jointly designated Hekmatyar a "global terrorist".^[20] This designation meant that any assets Hekmatyar held in the USA, or held through companies based in the US, would be seized. The US also requested the United Nations Committee on Terrorism to follow suit, and designate Hekmatyar an associate of Osama bin Laden. [[Media:Italic text]]{| style=float:right; |- | |- | |} is the 50th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The United States Department of State, often referred to as the State Department, is the Cabinet-level foreign affairs agency of the United States government, equivalent to foreign ministries in other countries. ... The United States Department of the Treasury is a Cabinet department, a treasury, of the United States government established by an Act of U.S. Congress in 1789 to manage the revenue of the United States government. ... UN and U.N. redirect here. ...

In October 2003, he declared a ceasefire with local commanders in Jalalabad, Kunar, Logar and Sarobi, and stated that they should only fight foreigners. Jalalabad (Persian: Jalālābād) is the capital of Nangarhar province in Afghanistan, 150 km east of Kabul near the Khyber Pass. ... Kunar (also spelled Konar) is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan, located in the northeastern part of the country and on the border with Pakistan. ... The Logar (also Lowgar) is a river and valley of Afghanistan. ... Sarobi is a town betwenn Kabul and Jalalabad in Afghanistan. ...

In May 2006, he released a video to Al Jazeera in which he accused Iran of backing the US in the Afghan conflict and said he was ready to fight alongside Osama bin Laden and blamed the ongoing conflicts in Palestine, Iraq and Afghanistan on US interference.^[21] Al Jazeera logo Al Jazeera (الجزيرة), meaning The Island or The (Arabian) Peninsula (whence also Algiers) is an Arabic television channel based in Qatar. ... Osama bin Muhammad bin Awad bin Laden (Arabic: ‎; born March 10, 1957[1]), most often mentioned as Osama bin Laden or Usama bin Laden, is a Saudi Arabian militant Islamist and is widely believed to be one of the founders of the organization called al-Qaeda. ...

In September 2006, he was reported as captured, but the report was later retracted.^[22]

In December 2006, a video was released in Pakistan, where Gulbuddin Hekmatyar claimed "the fate Soviet Union faced is awaiting America as well."

In January 2007 CNN reported that Hekmatyar claimed "that his fighters helped Osama bin Laden escape from the mountains of Tora Bora five years ago." and BBC news reported a quote from a December 2006 interview broadcast on GEO TV, "We helped them [bin Laden and Zawahiri] get out of the caves and led them to a safe place."^[23] Combatants United States, United Kingdom, Afghan Northern Alliance Taliban, al-Qaeda Commanders Bismillah Khan Tommy Franks Dan McNeill Osama bin Laden Strength n/a Unknown Casualties No Coalition deaths reported; Northern Alliance N/A At least 200 killed The Battle of Tora Bora was a military engagement that took place... Geo TV or GEO Television is an Urdu Pakistani television network that was established in May 2002 and officially began transmission in October 2002. ...

References

Human Rights Watch Banner Human Rights Watch is a United States-based international non-government organization that conducts research and advocacy on human rights. ... is the 76th day of the year (77th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 212th day of the year (213th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Human Rights Watch Banner Human Rights Watch is a United States-based international non-government organization that conducts research and advocacy on human rights. ... is the 76th day of the year (77th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 51st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 77th day of the year (78th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Al Jazeera logo Al Jazeera (الجزيرة), meaning The Island or The (Arabian) Peninsula (whence also Algiers) is an Arabic television channel based in Qatar. ... May 6 is the 126th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (127th in leap years). ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 76th day of the year (77th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 254th day of the year (255th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 76th day of the year (77th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... For other uses, see BBC (disambiguation). ... is the 11th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 76th day of the year (77th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

• Afghans glimpse a normal life
• Warlords of Afghanistan: Hekmatyar
• A. Jamali; Gulbudin Hekmayar: the rise and fall of an Afghan warlord; www.jamestown.org

v • d • e Prime Ministers of Afghanistan
Kingdom of Afghanistan	Sardar Mohammad Hashim Khan • Mohammed Daoud Khan • Mohammad Yusuf • Mohammad Hashim Maiwandwal • Abdullah Yaqta* • Mohammad Nur Ahmad Etemadi • Sharifi Abdul Zahir • Mohammad Musa Shafiq
Daoud's Republic of Afghanistan	office vacant
Democratic Republic of Afghanistan	Nur Mohammad Taraki • Hafizullah Amin • Babrak Karmal • Sultan Ali Keshtmand • Mohammad Hasan Sharq • Sultan Ali Keshtmand • Fazal Haq Khaliqyar
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan	Abdul Sabur Farid Kuhestani • Gulbuddin Hekmatyar • Arsala Rahmani* • Ahmad Shah Ahmadzai* • Gulbuddin Hekmatyar
Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan	Muhammad Rabbani • Abdul Kabir*
*denotes acting