Map
Overview
Name:	Gulf of Kotor, Boka Kotorska
Position:	Montenegro
Rivers:	Karst hydrology, Sopot, Skurda submerged sources
Destination:	Sea
Settlements:	Kotor, Herceg Novi, Risan, Tivat, Dobrota, Perast
Records:	Biggest bay in the adriatic, submerged river canyon (Bokelj River)
Statistics
Water Area:	87 km²
Max depth:	60 m
Average depth:	27.3 m
Water content:	2412, 306 km³ (2,4 mrd m³)
Highest point:	Orjen = 1894 m
Lowest point:	Sea surface = 0 m
Length:	28,13 km
Widest point:	7 km
Narrowest point:	0.3 km
Hydrologic system:	karst hydrology ca. 4000 km²
Shoreline:	107.3 km
Images

Historic map of the Gulf, 16th century

Gulf of Kotor or the Bay of Kotor (Serbian and Croatian: Бока которска Boka kotorska, Italian: Bocche di Cattaro) in western Montenegro is a winding bay on the Adriatic sea. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1500x1058, 270 KB)Position of Orjen at the Bay of Kotor Copyright (c) 2005 Pavle Cikovac. ... Serbia and Montenegro  â€“ Serbia    â€“ Kosovo and Metohia        (UN administration)    â€“ Vojvodina  â€“ Montenegro Official language Serbian Capital Podgorica Former Royal Capital Cetinje President Filip Vujanović Prime Minister Milo Đukanović Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % water  13,812 km²  n/a Population  â€“ Total (2003)  â€“ Density  616,258  48. ... Sunset at sea Look up Sea in Wiktionary, the free dictionary Look up maritime in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Alley in Kotor Kotor Cathedral View from one of the beaches Kotor is a town in Serbia and Montenegro, located more precisely in southwestern Montenegro; it has a population of 19,000, with a municipality of 23,481 (2003). ... Mayor Dejan Mandić Area  - city  - municipality km² 235 km² Population  - city  - municipality 16,493(incl. ... Risan (Latin Rhizinium, Greek Rhizon) is the oldest settlement in the Bay of Kotor on the shores of the Adriatic sea in southern Montenegro, geographically located at 43°21′ N 18°42′ E. Lying in the innermost portion of the bay, the settlement was protected from the interior by inaccessible... Tivat is a town in southern Montenegro in the bay of Boka Kotorska, population 10,100, Tivat municipality 13,991 (2003). ... Church in Perast The two islands off Perast Perast (Italian: Perasto) is an old town in Boka Kotorska (Bay of Kotor), Montenegro. ... Orjen (42. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1500x1500, 495 KB)Wider region of the Bay of Kotor and glacial traces on Orjen Copyright (c) 2005 Pavle Cikovac. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (800x903, 101 KB)Map of the Bay of Kotor from the 16th century File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (800x903, 101 KB)Map of the Bay of Kotor from the 16th century File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... The Serbian language is one of the standard versions of the Å tokavian dialect (former standard was known as Serbo-Croatian language). ... Serbia and Montenegro  â€“ Serbia    â€“ Kosovo and Metohia        (UN administration)    â€“ Vojvodina  â€“ Montenegro Official language Serbian Capital Podgorica Former Royal Capital Cetinje President Filip Vujanović Prime Minister Milo Đukanović Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % water  13,812 km²  n/a Population  â€“ Total (2003)  â€“ Density  616,258  48. ... The bay at San Sebastián, Spain A headland is an area of land adjacent to water on three sides. ... The Adriatic Sea Source: NASA The Adriatic Sea (Italian Mare Adriatico, German Adriatisches Meer or Adria, Slovenian Jadransko morje or Jadran, Croatian Jadransko more or Jadran, Serbian Јадранско море or Јадран, Albanian Deti Adriatik) is an arm of the Mediterranean Sea separating the Apennine peninsula (Italy) from the Balkan peninsula, and the system...

The bay was considered by some to be Europe's southernmost fjord. In fact it is a submerged river canyon once called the Bokelj River which ran from the high mountain plateaux of Mount Orjen. Very intensive tectonics and karstification processes led to the disintegration of the river system. After heavy rain the famous waterfall of Sopot spring at Risan appears. The Bay is composed of several smaller broad gulfs, united by narrower channels, forming one of the finest natural harbours in Europe. Sognefjorden, Norway A fjord (sometimes written fiord, notably in New Zealand English) is a glacially overdeepened valley, usually narrow and steep-sided, extending below sea level and filled with salt water. ... Grand Canyon, Arizona canyon, or gorge, is a valley walled by cliffs. ... Broader region of Orjen and Bay of Kotor. ... Risan (Latin Rhizinium, Greek Rhizon) is the oldest settlement in the Bay of Kotor on the shores of the Adriatic sea in southern Montenegro, geographically located at 43°21′ N 18°42′ E. Lying in the innermost portion of the bay, the settlement was protected from the interior by inaccessible... For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ...

Geography

The outermost part of the gulf is the Gulf of Tivat (Teodo), and a small naval port. On the seaward side, there is the Gulf of Herceg Novi (Castelnuovo), which guards the main entrance to the Gulf of Kotor. The inner gulfs are the gulf of Risan to the northwest and the gulf of Kotor to the southeast. Tivat is a town in southern Montenegro in the bay of Boka Kotorska, population 10,100, Tivat municipality 13,991 (2003). ... Mayor Dejan Mandić Area  - city  - municipality km² 235 km² Population  - city  - municipality 16,493(incl. ... Risan (Latin Rhizinium, Greek Rhizon) is the oldest settlement in the Bay of Kotor on the shores of the Adriatic sea in southern Montenegro, geographically located at 43°21′ N 18°42′ E. Lying in the innermost portion of the bay, the settlement was protected from the interior by inaccessible... Alley in Kotor Kotor Cathedral View from one of the beaches Kotor is a town in Serbia and Montenegro, located more precisely in southwestern Montenegro; it has a population of 19,000, with a municipality of 23,481 (2003). ...

On the landward side, the long walls running from the fortified old town of Kotor to the castle of Saint John, far above, formed a striking feature in the landscape; and the heights of the Krivošije (Krivoscie), a group of barren plateaux in Mount Orjen, were crowned by small forts. Krivosije is a high plateaux on the eastern branches of Mt. ... Broader region of Orjen and Bay of Kotor. ...

There are many interesting places on the shores of the Gulf of Kotor. Herceg Novi has an Orthodox convent of St. Sava nearby (monastiry Savina), standing amid beautiful gardens. It was founded in the 16th century, and contains many fine specimens of 17th century silversmith work. There is a Benedictine monastery on a small island opposite to Perast (Perasto), eight miles east of Herceg Novi. Perast itself was for a time an independent state in the 14th century. Mayor Dejan Mandić Area  - city  - municipality km² 235 km² Population  - city  - municipality 16,493(incl. ... Saint Sava (1175 or 1176 - January 12, 1235 or 1236), originally the prince Rastko Nemanjic (son of the Serbian king Stefan Nemanja and brother of Stefan Prvovencani, founder of the Serbian medieval state), is the first Serb archbishop (1219-1233) and the most important saint in the Serbian Orthodox Church. ... Savina (Serbian: Савина) is an old Serbian orthodox monastery near the city Herceg Novi in Boka Kotorska, Serbia and Montenegro. ... (15th century - 16th century - 17th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 16th century was that century which lasted from 1501 to 1600. ... (16th century - 17th century - 18th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 17th century was that century which lasted from 1601-1700. ... A Benedictine is a person who follows the Rule of St Benedict. ... Church in Perast The two islands off Perast Perast (Italian: Perasto) is an old town in Boka Kotorska (Bay of Kotor), Montenegro. ... This 14th-century statue from south India depicts the gods Shiva (on the left) and Uma (on the right). ...

Climate

Meteorological station on Orjen in the hinterland of the Gulf of Kotor

The Gulf of Kotor lies within the Mediterranean subtropical belt. While summers are hot and sunny, autumn, winter and spring are rainy seasons. It is the climate type of the Mediterranean but modifications exist in the vast region. A peculiarity of the littoral Dinarids is the precipitation regime as at the Gulf of Kotor, Mt. Orjen receives Europe's' most heavy precipitation. Like the monsoon rain is seasonally distributed, thus November thunderstorms sometimes pour 2000 l of water in several days, while August is frequently completely dry leading to forest fires. With a maximum discharge of 200 m³/sec water one of the biggest karst springs, the Sopot spring, is a remarkable indicator of this seasonality. Most of the time it is inactive but after heavy rain a remarkable waterfall appears 20 m above the Gulf of Kotor. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (479x640, 98 KB)Klimatological diagram at Crkvice on Mount Orjen which the most abundant precipitation in Europe. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (479x640, 98 KB)Klimatological diagram at Crkvice on Mount Orjen which the most abundant precipitation in Europe. ... Orjen (42. ... The Mediterranean Sea is an intercontinental sea positioned between Europe to the north, Africa to the south and Asia to the east, covering an approximate area of 2. ... Subtropical (or semitropical) areas are those adjacent to the tropics, usually roughly defined as the ranges 23. ... Belt can refer to the following objects: Look up belt in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Monsoon in the Vindhya, a mountain chain in central India A monsoon is a periodic wind, especially in the Indian Ocean and southern Asia. ... Fire in San Bernardino, California Mountains (image taken from the International Space Station) A wildfire, also known as a forest fire, vegetation fire, grass fire, or bushfire (in Australasia), is an uncontrolled fire in wildland often caused by lightning; other common causes are human carelessness and arson. ... Karst topography occurs when a landscape is marked by underground drainage patterns. ... A natural spring. ...

* Köppen climate classification scheme Zubacki kabao with a small snowpatch in June Zubački kabao is at 1894 m (6225 ft. ... Risan (Latin Rhizinium, Greek Rhizon) is the oldest settlement in the Bay of Kotor on the shores of the Adriatic sea in southern Montenegro, geographically located at 43°21′ N 18°42′ E. Lying in the innermost portion of the bay, the settlement was protected from the interior by inaccessible... The Köppen World Climate Map The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems. ...

Two wind systems of the Gulf of Kotor are noteworthy for their ecological significance: the Bora and the Sirocco. Strong cold katabatic (downslope) winds of Bora type appear in winter and are most severe in the Bay of Risan. Gusts reach 250 km/h and can lead to a significant fall of temperatures in several hours with freezing events problematic for most of the Mediterranean cultures. Bora weather situations are frequent and sailors keep an eye on the mountains as cap clouds indicate an eminent Bora event. The Sirocco is a warm humid rain and is important as it brings heavy rain. It appears throughout the year but is usually centered in autumn and spring. Wind is the roughly horizontal movement of air (as opposed to an air current) caused by uneven heating of the Earths surface. ... Ecology is sometimes used incorrectly as a synonym for the natural environment or environmentalism. ... Bora, also known as Bura (in Croatian) or Burja (in Slovenian) is a northern to north-eastern katabatic wind in the Adriatic, Greece and Turkey. ... Sirocco, scirocco, jugo or, rarely, siroc is a strong southerly to southeasterly wind in the Mediterranean that originates from the Sahara and similar North African regions. ... A katabatic wind, from the Greek word katabatikos meaning going downhill, is a wind that blows down a topographic incline such as a hill, mountain, or glacier. ... Find more information on Weather by searching one of Wikipedias sister projects: Dictionary definitions from Wiktionary Textbooks from Wikibooks Quotations from Wikiquote Source texts from Wikisource Images and media from Commons News stories from Wikinews Weather is an all-encompassing term used to describe all of the many and...

* monthly and yearly precipitation ranges in Dalmatia, Herzegovina and Montenegro Mayor Dejan Mandić Area  - city  - municipality km² 235 km² Population  - city  - municipality 16,493(incl. ... Risan (Latin Rhizinium, Greek Rhizon) is the oldest settlement in the Bay of Kotor on the shores of the Adriatic sea in southern Montenegro, geographically located at 43°21′ N 18°42′ E. Lying in the innermost portion of the bay, the settlement was protected from the interior by inaccessible... Mayor Milo Janković Area  - city  - municipality km² km² Population  - city  - municipality 14,700 in 2003 18,749 in 2003 Time zone Summer Time CET (UTC +1) CEST (UTC +2) Founded Unknown Latitude Longitude ° N ° E Area code +381 86 Car plates CT Official Website Cetinje (Цетиње) is a small city located... Trebinje (Serbian: Требиње) is the southern-most city in Bosnia and Herzegovina, in southeastern Herzegovina at 42°42′32″ N 18°19′18″ E. It is located in the Republika Srpska entity. ... County Dubrovnik–Neretva Area 14 335 km² Location 42°39′N 18°04′E Population 43,770 Mayor Dubravka Å uica Official website www. ... Dalmatia (Croatian Dalmacija, Italian Dalmazia) is a region on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea, (mostly) in modern Croatia, spreading between the island of Rab in the northwest and the Bay of Kotor in the southeast. ... Herzegovina (natively Hercegovina/Херцеговина) is a historical region in the Dinaric Alps that composes the southern part of present-day Bosnia and Herzegovina. ... Serbia and Montenegro  â€“ Serbia    â€“ Kosovo and Metohia        (UN administration)    â€“ Vojvodina  â€“ Montenegro Official language Serbian Capital Podgorica Former Royal Capital Cetinje President Filip Vujanović Prime Minister Milo Đukanović Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % water  13,812 km²  n/a Population  â€“ Total (2003)  â€“ Density  616,258  48. ...

History

The Gulf of Kotor has a long history of human habitation. The adjacent settlement settlement of Risan (Risano), was a thriving Illyrian city called Rhizon as early as 229 BC, and gave its name to the the Gulf, then known as Rhizonicus Sinus. Rhizon submitted to Rome in 168 BC and, at the same time, Ascrivium (or Ascruvium), the modern town Kotor (Cattaro), is first mentioned as a neighboring city. Risan (Latin Rhizinium, Greek Rhizon) is the oldest settlement in the Bay of Kotor on the shores of the Adriatic sea in southern Montenegro, geographically located at 43°21′ N 18°42′ E. Lying in the innermost portion of the bay, the settlement was protected from the interior by inaccessible... Illyria (Anc. ... Centuries: 4th century BC - 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC Decades: 270s BC 260s BC 250s BC 240s BC 230s BC - 220s BC - 210s BC 200s BC 190s BC 180s BC 170s BC Years: 234 BC 233 BC 232 BC 231 BC 230 BC - 229 BC - 228 BC 227 BC... City motto: Senatus Populusque Romanus – SPQR (The Senate and the People of Rome) Founded 21 April 753 BC mythical, 1st millennium BC Region Latium Mayor Walter Veltroni (Left-Wing Democrats) Area  - City Proper  1285 km² Population  - City (2004)  - Metropolitan  - Density (city proper) 2. ... Centuries: 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC - 1st century BC Decades: 210s BC 200s BC 190s BC 180s BC 170s BC - 160s BC - 150s BC140s BC 130s BC 120s BC 110s BC Years: 173 BC 172 BC 171 BC 170 BC 169 BC - 168 BC - 167 BC 166 BC 165... Alley in Kotor Kotor Cathedral View from one of the beaches Kotor is a town in Serbia and Montenegro, located more precisely in southwestern Montenegro; it has a population of 19,000, with a municipality of 23,481 (2003). ...

Kotor itself had been fortified since the early Middle Ages, and was one of the more influential Dalmatian city-states throughout the period. It later passed to the First Bulgarian Empire and then to Serbia, until becoming a semi-independent republic under the protectorate of medieval Serbian kings. Its merchant fleet and importance gradually increased, and after the fall of Serbia to the Ottoman Empire in the late 14th century, Kotor was seized by the Republic of Venice. Venice held the Gulf until its fall to the French Empire when it became first a part of the Habsburg Monarchy by the Treaty of Campo Formio in 1797. It next became a part of the French Empire's puppet state, the Kingdom of Italy by the Treaty of Pressburg of 1805. The 1809 Treaty of Schönbrunn then transferred the area to Illyrian Provinces which were directly ruled by France. Following the Napoleonic Wars, it became a part of the Kingdom of Dalmatia within the new Austrian Empire (later Austria-Hungary) which it remained a part of until the establishment of the First Yugoslavia in 1918. The area was made a part of Montenegro within Communist Yugoslavia after World War II. The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ... St Ivan of Rila, patron saint of Bulgaria The history of Bulgaria began in the 7th century CE with the arrival of the Bulgars in the Balkans. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Imperial motto (Ottoman Turkish) Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (the Eternal State) The Ottoman Empire at the height of its power (1683) Official language Ottoman Turkish Capital Bursa (1335-1365), Edirne (1365-1453), Ä°stanbul (1453-1922) Imperial anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Sovereigns Padishah of the Osmanli Dynasty Population ca 40... This 14th-century statue from south India depicts the gods Shiva (on the left) and Uma (on the right). ... I Have A Very Very Big Penis! The Most Serene Republic of Venice was a Venetian city-state in Northeastern Italy, based around the city of Venice. ... The First French Empire, commonly known as the French Empire or the Napoleonic Empire, covers the period of the domination of France and much of continental Europe by Napoleon I of France. ... The Habsburg Monarchy, often called Austrian Monarchy or simply Austria, are the territories ruled by the Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg, and then by the successor House of Habsburg-Lorraine, between 1526 and 1867/1918. ... The Treaty of Campo Formio was signed on October 17, 1797 (26 Vendémiaire, Year VI of the French Republic) by Napoleon Bonaparte and Count Ludwig von Cobenzl as representatives of France and Austria. ... 1797 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... The flag of the Kingdom of Italy was a rectangular version of the flag of the Italian Republic, with Napoleons emblem on the green field. ... The Treaty of Pressburg was signed on December 26, 1805 between France and Austria as a consequence of the Austrian defeats by France at Ulm (September 25 - October 20) and Austerlitz (December 2). ... 1805 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1809 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... The Treaty of Schönbrunn was signed between France and Austria in 1809, ending the war of the Fifth Coalition during the Napoleonic Wars, at the beautiful castle Schloss Schönbrunn, which can be visited today as a tourist site. ... Illyrian Provinces (French Provinces illyriennes) were formed in 1809 when Austria ceded with the Treaty of Schoenbrunn its lands Carinthia, Carniola, Croatia southwest of the river Sava, Gorizia and Trieste to France after the defeat at the Battle of Wagram. ... The Napoleonic Wars were a series of wars fought during Napoleon Bonapartes rule over France. ... Dalmatia (Croatian Dalmacija, Italian Dalmazia, Serbian Далмација) is a region of Croatia on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea, spreading between the island of Pag in the northwest and the Bay of Kotor in the southeast. ... Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy, the Austrian Empire until 1867 and of the Austrian part of Austria-Hungary until 1918. ... Austria-Hungary, also known as the Dual monarchy (or: the k. ... The Kingdom of Yugoslavia was a kingdom in the Balkans which existed from the end of World War I until World War II. It occupied an area made up of the present-day states of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia and Montenegro, Republic of Macedonia, and most of present-day Slovenia... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... Serbia and Montenegro  â€“ Serbia    â€“ Kosovo and Metohia        (UN administration)    â€“ Vojvodina  â€“ Montenegro Official language Serbian Capital Podgorica Former Royal Capital Cetinje President Filip Vujanović Prime Minister Milo Đukanović Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % water  13,812 km²  n/a Population  â€“ Total (2003)  â€“ Density  616,258  48. ... Official language Croatian (after 1974), Macedonian, Serbo-Croatian, Croato-Serbian, Slovenian Capital Belgrade Largest city Belgrade Area (1991)  - Total  - % water Ranked xxst 255,804 km² Negligible Population  - Total (2004)  - Density Ranked xxth 20,522,972 80/km² Currency Yugoslav dinar Time zone  - in summer CET (UTC+1) CEST (UTC+2... Combatants Allied Powers Axis Powers Commanders {{{commander1}}} {{{commander2}}} Strength {{{strength1}}} {{{strength2}}} Casualties 17 million military deaths 8 million military deaths {{{notes}}} World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a military conflict that took place between 1939 and 1945. ...

Population

The inhabitants of Gulf of Kotor region are mostly Serbs and Montenegrins and the area historically had a large Croat population as well.. Serbs (in the Serbian language Срби, Srbi) are a south Slavic people living chiefly in Serbia and Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina. ... Montenegrins in Montenegro according to the 2003 census Montenegrins are South Slavic people who are primarily associated with the republic of Montenegro, a joint partner of the Serbia and Montenegro country. ... Croats (Croatian: Hrvati) are a south Slavic people mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. ...

The three municipalities making up the Gulf of Kotor region have a total population of 71,443:

• Kotor 23,481
• Tivat 13,991
• Herceg Novi 33,971

Of these, 96% are Serbs or Montenegrins. Serbs (in the Serbian language Срби, Srbi) are a south Slavic people living chiefly in Serbia and Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina. ... Montenegrins in Montenegro according to the 2003 census Montenegrins are South Slavic people who are primarily associated with the republic of Montenegro, a joint partner of the Serbia and Montenegro country. ...

External links

• Prilog raspravi o nacionalnom karakteru Boke Kotorske u sadašnjosti i prošlosti
• Information and Pictures of the Gulf of Kotor
• Boka Kotorska - Census 2003.
• Tourist agency page
• Kotor-based photographer Stevan Kordić
• Best Pictures of the Gulf of Kotor
• Foundation for Culture and Tradition of the Gulf of Kotor "Project Rastko-Boka"
• Foundation Rastko-Boka News
• Gulf of Kotor