Gulf of Sidra incident (1989)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia that anyone can edit.

The second Gulf of Sidra incident, January 4, 1989, occurred when two US F-14 Tomcats shot down two Libyan MiG-23 Flogger Es that appeared to be attempting to engage them, as had happened previously in the first Gulf of Sidra incident (1981). Categories: Stub | Seas ... Satellite image Map of the Mediterranean Sea The Mediterranean Sea is a part of the Atlantic Ocean almost completely enclosed by land, on the north by Europe, on the south by Africa, and on the east by Asia. ... Categories: Stub | Seas ... January 4 is the 4th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1989 is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Wikiquote has a collection of quotations by or about: United States Wikinews has a related story: United States United States government CIA World Factbook Entry for United States House. ... Sailors prepare an F-14 Tomcat for flight on the aircraft carrier USS Abraham Lincoln, in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom (2003). ... Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23 (Flogger). ... The first Gulf of Sidra incident, August 19, 1981, was an incident in which two Libyan Sukoi Su-22 Fitter fighter jets engaged two US F-14 Tomcats off of the Libyan coast. ...

In 1973 Libya claimed much of the Gulf of Sidra as its territorial waters and subsequently declared a "line of death", the crossing of which would invite a military response. As part of its ongoing freedom of navigation activities in support of 12-mile territorial waters practices, the US Navy aircraft carrier USS John F. Kennedy was operating near the Libyan coast. 1973 was a common year starting on Monday. ... Territorial waters, or a territorial sea, is a belt of coastal waters extending twelve nautical miles from the shore of a littoral state that is regarded as the sovereign territory of the state, except that foreign ships (both military and civilian) are allowed innocent passage through it. ... The United States Navy (USN) is the branch of the United States armed forces responsible for naval operations. ... USS (CVA/CV-67) (or Big John) is a U.S. Navy aircraft carrier. ...

At 20,000ft at 11:57 on the morning of the 4th, VF-32 Gypsey Swordsmen F-14As AC207 (Joseph Bernard Connelly/CDR Steven Patrick Collins)(159610 AC207) and AC204 (Herman C. Cook III/Leo F. Enright)(159013 AC204) were flying a combat air patrol about 70 miles from the Libyan coast. Two Libyan MiG-23 Floggers which had taken off from Al Bumbaw airfield were detected flying towards them. At the time the Floggers were 72 nautical miles away at 10,000ft and heading directly towards the Tomcats and carrier. Combat air patrol (CAP) is a type of defensive mission for fighter aircraft, in which they guard a designated site, either a fixed site on land, ships at sea, or less commonly support aircraft such as aerial tankers. ... Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23 (Flogger). ...

The F-14s turned away from the head on approach to indicate that they didn't want to engage. The Floggers changed course to intercept at a closing speed of about 1,000mph. The F-14s descended to 3,000ft to give them a clear radar picture of the Floggers against the sky and leave the Floggers with sea clutter to contend with. At 11:59 the radar-intercept officer (RIO) of the lead Tomcat armed the AIM-9 Sidewinder and AIM-7 Sparrow missiles it was carrying. Sidewinder Missile The AIM-9 Sidewinder is a heat-seeking, short-range, air-to-air missile carried by fighter aircraft. ... A RIM-7 Sea Sparrow being launched from the USS Essex (LHD-2) The AIM-7 Sparrow is a medium-range semi-active radar homing air-to-air missile operated by the USAF, US Navy, and USMC as well as various allied air forces. ...

The Tomcats tried three more maneuvers to end the approach. Each time observers in an E-2C Hawkeye heard the Libyan ground controller instruct the Floggers to change course to intercept. The Grumman E-2 Hawkeye is the United States Navys all-weather, aircraft carrier-based tactical warning and control system aircraft. ...

At noon the trailing Tomcat locked on to the Floggers with its radar, which in past encounters had been reported to the Libyan ground controller and resulted in an instruction to break contact. The US aircraft did not hear those communications this time. At almost 12:01 the lead Tomcat pilot said that "Bogeys have jinked back at me again for the fifth time. They're on my nose now, inside of 20 miles", followed shortly by "Master arm on" as he armed his weapons. At a range of 14 miles he fired a Sparrow radar homing missile and reported "Fox 1. Fox 1." At ten miles range he fired another Sparrow. Both missed.

The Floggers accelerated and continued to approach. At six miles range the Tomcats split and the Floggers followed the wingman while the lead Tomcat circled to get a tail angle on the them. The wingman engaged with a Sparrow and downed one of the Libyan aircraft. One of the US pilots broadcast "Good kill! Good kill!" The lead Tomcat closed on the final Flogger and at 1.5 miles the RIO fired a Sidewinder, which again hit its target. One crewman broadcast "Good kill!" and "Let's get out of here." The Libyan pilots were seen to successfully eject and parachute into the sea, but the Libyan Air Force was unable to recover them. The Tomcats then proceeded north to return to the carrier.

Subsequent examination of still photography from the Tomcats indicated that the Floggers were armed with AA-7 Apex missiles. Depending on the model, this can be either semi-active radarhoming or infra-red (heat seeking) homing. The Vympel R-23 (NATO reporting name AA-7 Apex) is a medium-range air-to-air missile developed by the Soviet Union for fighter aircraft. ...

Identifications of the Tomcats vary. The narrative above used the details from Air Aces [1]. Another source [2] identifies the wingman as AC202 rather than AC204. Both agree on AC207 as the lead. The Time story reports the RIO arming and firing. The accuracy of that claim is unknown — it may be that only the pilot can do so.

See also

• Gulf of Sidra incident (1981), another case where US jets shot down Libyan jets.

The first Gulf of Sidra incident, August 19, 1981, was an incident in which two Libyan Sukoi Su-22 Fitter fighter jets engaged two US F-14 Tomcats off of the Libyan coast. ...

External links

• Brief description of the incident
• January 16, 1989 Time Europe story, with details of the radio broadcasts and times.
• Air aces record
• VF-32 photo gallery