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Acacia senegal plant from Koehler's Medicinal-Plants 1887 Gum arabic, a natural gum also called gum acacia, is a substance that is taken from two sub-Saharan species of the acacia tree, Acacia senegal and Acacia seyal. It is used primarily in the food industry as a stabilizer, but has had more varied uses in the past, including viscosity control in inks. Its E number is E-414. Image File history File links Koeh-004. ... Image File history File links Koeh-004. ... Binomial name Acacia senegal (L.) Acacia senegal is a deciduous shrub or small tree native to semi-desert regions of Subsaharan Africa as well as Oman, Pakistan, and northwestern India. ... Natural gums are polysaccharides of natural origin, capable of causing a large viscosity increase in solution, even at small concentrations. ... Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa south of the Sahara Desert, is the term used to describe those countries of Africa that are not part of North Africa. ... Species About 1,300; see List of Acacia species Acacia tree in the Serengeti, Tanzania Acacia is a genus of shrubs and trees of Gondwanian origin belonging to the subfamily Mimosoideae of the family Fabaceae, first described from Africa by Linnaeus in 1773. ... Binomial name Acacia senegal (L.) Acacia senegal is a deciduous shrub or small tree native to semi-desert regions of Subsaharan Africa as well as Oman, Pakistan, and northwestern India. ... Binomial name Acacia seyal Del. ... The food industry is the complex, global collective of diverse businesses that together supply much of the food energy consumed by the world population. ... Food additives are substances added to food to preserve flavor or improve its taste and appearance. ... Viscosity is a measure of the resistance of a fluid to deform under shear stress. ... An ink is a liquid containing various pigments and/or dyes used for coloring a surface to render an image or text. ... For the mathematical constant see: E (mathematical constant). ... Gum arabic is a complex mixture of saccharides and glycoproteins, which gives it one of its most useful properties: it is perfectly edible. Other substances have replaced it in situations where toxicity is not an issue, as the proportions of the various chemicals in gum arabic vary widely and make its reliable performance troublesome. Still, it remains an important ingredient in soft drink syrups, "hard" gummy candies like gumdrops, and in marshmallows. As the name implies, gum arabic is also found in chewing gums, where it acts as one of the many factors that result in the texture of the gum. For artists it is the traditional binder used in watercolor paint, and was used in photography for gum printing. Pharmaceuticals and cosmetics also use the gum, and it is used as a binder in pyrotechnic compositions. It is an important ingredient in shoe polish. It is also used often as a lickable adhesive on postage stamps and cigarette papers. Printers employ it to stop oxidation of aluminum printing plates in the interval between processing of the plate and its use on a printing press. His name is Kushal Bhardwaj who has recently dicovered compounds, elements and mixtures. ... an essential structural component of living cells and source of energy for animals; includes simple sugars with small molecules as well as macromolecular substances; are classified according to the number of monosaccharide groups they contain. ... A glycoprotein is a macromolecule composed of a protein and a carbohydrate (an oligosaccharide). ... // Toxic and Intoxicated redirect here – toxic has other uses, which can be found at Toxicity (disambiguation); for the state of being intoxicated by alcohol see Drunkenness. ... A soft drink is a drink that contains no alcohol. ... In cooking, a syrup (from Arabic شراب sharab, beverage, via Latin siropus) is a thick, viscous liquid, containing a large amount of dissolved sugars, but showing little tendency to deposit crystals. ... Gumdrops are a type of candy. ... Pink marshmallows. ... Chewing gum Chewing gum is a type of confectionery which is designed to be chewed rather than swallowed. ... The definition of an artist is wide-ranging and covers a broad spectrum of activities to do with creating art, practising the arts and/or demonstrating an art. ... A binder is a material used to bind together two or more other materials in mixtures. ... Watercolor is a painting technique making use of water-soluble pigments that are either transparent or opaque and are formulated with gum to bond the pigment to the paper. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... Gum printing is a way of making photographic reproductions without the use of silver halides. ... Pharmacology (in Greek: pharmacon is drug, and logos is science) is the study of how chemical substances interfere with living systems. ... For other uses, see Cosmetic. ... The word pyrotechnic (literally meaning fire technology) refers to any chemical explosive device, but especially fireworks. ... An open can of Kiwi shoe polish with a side-mounted opening mechanism visible at the top of the photo. ... An adhesive is a compound that adheres or bonds two items together. ... In philately, gum is the substance applied to the back of a postage stamp to enable it to adhere to a letter or other mailed item. ... Rolling papers are small sheets or leaves of paper which are sold for rolling ones own cigarettes either by hand or with a rolling machine. ... The most fundamental reactions in chemistry are the redox processes. ... Aluminum is a soft and lightweight metal with a dull silvery appearance, due to a thin layer of oxidation that forms quickly when it is exposed to air. ... For other articles which might have the same name, see Print (disambiguation). ... The printing press is a mechanical device for printing many copies of a text on rectangular sheets of paper. ... The substance is grown commercially throughout the Sahel from Senegal and Sudan to Somaliland. This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Motto لا إله إلا الله محمد رسول الله  (Arabic) Lā ilāhā illā-llāhu; muhammadun rasÅ«lu-llāhi  (transliteration) There is no God but Allah; Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah And also : Justice, Peace, Freedom, Democracy and Success for All Anthem Saamo ku waar Capital Hargeisa (1941-1960) (1991 - present) Official languages Somali and... Contents 1 Painting and Art 1.1 Photography 1.2 Printmaking 2 Rumors 3 Pyrotechnics 4 Effect on surface tension in liquids 5 Politics 6 External links [edit] Painting and Art Gum arabic is used as a binder for watercolor painting because it dissolves easily in water. Pigment of any color is suspended within the gum arabic in varying amounts, resulting in watercolor paint. Water acts as a vehicle or a diluent to thin the watercolor paint and helps to transfer the paint to a surface such as paper. When all moisture evaporates, the gum arabic binds the pigment to the paper surface. A binder is a material used to bind together two or more other materials in mixtures. ... Carl Larsson, Crayfishing, watercolor, 1897. ... Natural Ultramarine pigment in powdered form. ... Categories: Move to Wiktionary | Stub ... A blank sheet of paper Paper is a commodity of thin material produced by the amalgamation of fibers, typically vegetable fibers composed of cellulose, which are subsequently held together by hydrogen bonding. ... A blank sheet of paper Paper is a commodity of thin material produced by the amalgamation of fibers, typically vegetable fibers composed of cellulose, which are subsequently held together by hydrogen bonding. ... [edit] Photography The historical photography process of gum bichromate photography uses gum arabic to permanently bind pigments on paper. Ammonium or potassium dichromate is mixed with gum arabic and pigment to create a photographic emulsion, sensitive to ultraviolet light. Photography [fÓ™tÉ‘grÓ™fi:],[foÊŠtÉ‘grÓ™fi:] is the process of recording pictures by means of capturing light on a light-sensitive medium, such as a film or sensor. ... Gum printing is a way of making photographic reproductions without the use of silver halides. ... Ammonium dichromate, (NH4)2Cr2O7, sometimes known as Vesuvian Fire, is a chemical compound that was used as an oxidizer in early photography and pyrotechnics, and in the formation of tabletop volcanoes. Ammonium dichromate forms orange crystals, and is toxic and corrosive. ... Potassium dichromate, K2Cr2O7 is used in oxidation reactions. ... Natural Ultramarine pigment in powdered form. ... A. Two immisicible liquids, not emulsified; B. An emulsion of Phase B dispersed in Phase A; C. The unstable emulsion progressively separates; D. The surfactant (purple outline) positions itself on the interfaces between Phase A and Phase B, stabilizing the emulsion An emulsion is a mixture of two immiscible (unblendable... “UV” redirects here. ... [edit] Printmaking Gum arabic is also used to protect and etch an image in lithographic processes. Ink tends to fill into whitespace on photosensitive aluminum plates if they don't receive a layer of gum. In stone lithography the gum etch is used to etch the most subtle gray tones. Phosphoric acid is added in varying concentrations to the gum arabic to etch the darker tones up to dark blacks. Multiple layers of gum are used after the etching process to build up a protective barrier that ensures the ink does not fill into the whitespace of the image being printed. Christ Preaching, known as The Hundred Guilder print; etching c1648 by Rembrandt Etching is the process of using strong acid to cut into the unprotected parts of a metal surface to create a design in intaglio in the metal (the original process - in modern manufacturing other chemicals may be used... Lithography stone and mirror-image print of a map of Munich. ... An ink is a liquid containing various pigments and/or dyes used for coloring a surface to render an image or text. ... For information on the programming language Whitespace, see Whitespace programming language. ... Photosensitivity is the amount to which an object reacts upon receiving photons of light. ... Phosphoric acid, also known as orthophosphoric acid or phosphoric(V) acid, is an inorganic mineral acid having the chemical formula H3PO4. ... Black cat, thought by some to cause bad luck (see superstition) Black is the shade of objects that do not reflect light in any part of the visible spectrum. ... An ink is a liquid containing various pigments and/or dyes used for coloring a surface to render an image or text. ... [edit] Rumors The majority of gum arabic is produced in Sudan [1], and the production of gum arabic is heavily controlled by the Sudanese government [2]. Recently, Sudan threatened to stop supplying gum arabic for the production of soft drinks such as Coca Cola in protest of economic sanctions [3]. Coca-Cola is a cola (a type of carbonated soft drink) sold in stores, restaurants and vending machines in more than 200 countries. ... Oddly, the connection between Sudan and Osama bin Laden brought the otherwise innocuous gum to public consciousness in 2001, as an urban legend arose that bin Laden owned a significant fraction of the gum arabic production in Sudan, and that therefore one should boycott products using it [4]. As a result, some food producers, for instance Snapple, renamed the ingredient to "gum acacia" on their labels. Osama bin Muhammad bin Awad bin Laden (Arabic: ‎; born March 10, 1957[1]), most often mentioned as Osama bin Laden or Usama bin Laden, is a Saudi Arabian militant Islamist and is widely believed to be one of the founders of the organization called al-Qaeda. ... An urban legend or urban myth is a kind of modern folklore consisting of stories often thought to be factual by those circulating them. ... Look up Boycott in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Snapple is a popular company based in Rye Brook, New York that produces a variety of beverages which are sold in glass bottles, soda-style cans, and plastic bottles. ... This story took on somewhat significant proportions, mostly thanks to an article in The Daily Telegraph a few days after the September 11 attacks, which echoed this claim. Eventually the State Department issued a release stating that while Osama bin Laden had once had considerable holdings in Sudanese gum arabic production, he divested himself of these when he was expelled from Sudan in 1996. This article concerns the British newspaper. ... The World Trade Center on fire The September 11, 2001 attacks were a series of coordinated terrorist attacks against the United States on September 11, 2001. ... The United States Department of State, often referred to as the State Department, is the Cabinet-level foreign affairs agency of the United States government, equivalent to foreign ministries in other countries. ... 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year for the Eradication of Poverty. ... [edit] Pyrotechnics Gum arabic is also used as a water soluble binder in firework composition. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Fireworks. ... [edit] Effect on surface tension in liquids Gum arabic reduces the surface tension of liquids, which leads to increased fizzing in carbonated beverages. This can be exploited in what is known as a Mentos eruption and can be seen in The Diet Coke & Mentos Challenge video. In physics, surface tension is an effect within the surface layer of a liquid that causes that layer to behave as an elastic sheet. ... A liquid will usually assume the shape of its container A liquid is one of the main states of matter. ... Carbonated beverages are beverages which contain dissolved carbon dioxide. ... A handful of Mentos in a two liter Diet Coke bottle produces an eruption. ... [edit] Politics On May 30, 2007, Gum Arabic was politically linked by the government of Sudan to Genocide commited in the Darfur region of Africa. Genocide is the mass killing of a group of people as defined by Article 2 of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG) as any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial or... Darfur (Arabic: , lit. ... In a press conference held at the Washington Press Club on May 30, 2007, John Ukec Lueth Ukec, Sudan's ambassador to the United States, threatened to stop exportation of gum arabic from his country if sanctions were imposed. The sanctions proposed by the United States were a political response from the United States to the alleged connection between the government of Sudan and the Janjaweed militia group. Ukec made his speech surrounded by Coca-Cola products, although other sodas use gum arabic as an emulsfier as well. [5] A Janjaweed miltiaman mounted The Janjaweed (Arabic: جنجويد; variously transliterated Janjawid, Janjawed, Jingaweit, Jinjaweed, Janjawiid, Janjiwid, Janjaweit, etc. ... John Ukec Lueth Ukec was quoted at the Washington press conference, "I want you to know that the gum arabic which runs all the soft drinks all over the world, including the United States, mainly 80 percent is imported from my country," which he said after raising a bottle of Coca-Cola. According to the Washington Post, a reporter then asked if Sudan was threatening to "stop the export of gum arabic and bring down the Western world." To which Ukec replied, "I can stop that gum arabic and all of us will have lost this," and gestured to the Coke bottle. [6] [edit] External links http://www.sbu.ac.uk/water/hyarabic.html http://www.cniworld.com (CNI : Colloides Naturels International is the Gum Arabic World Leader) Gum Arabic Photos (Google Images) Categories: Painting materials | Pyrotechnic compositions | Gums | Edible thickening agents | Alchemical substances | Pyrotechnic chemicals

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	Gum arabic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (569 words) Gum arabic is a complex mixture of saccharides and glycoproteins, which gives it one of its most useful properties: it is perfectly edible. Gum arabic is used as a binder for Watercolor painting because of it's ability to easily dissolve in water. Gum arabic is also used in witchcraft as a harder-wearing alternative to chalk in protective circles, and as an incense. gum - definition by dict.die.net (0 words) Gum resin, the milky juice of a plant solidified by exposure to air; one of certain inspissated saps, mixtures of, or having properties of, gum and resin; a resin containing more or less mucilaginous and gummy matter. Gum Senegal, a gum similar to gum arabic, yielded by trees (Acacia Verek and A. Gum tree, the name given to several trees in America and Australia: (a) The fl gum (Nyssa multiflora), one of the largest trees of the Southern States, bearing a small blue fruit, the favorite food of the opossum.
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