Gunnerales is an order of dicotyledons comprising two genera in separate families, Gunnera (Gunneraceae) and Myrothamnus (Myrothamnaceae). Under the older Cronquist system, the former was placed within the Haloragales and the latter within the Hamamelidales. Scientific classification or biological classification is how biologists group and categorize extinct and living species of organisms. ... Divisions Land plants (embryophytes) Non-vascular plants (bryophytes) Marchantiophyta - liverworts Anthocerotophyta - hornworts Bryophyta - mosses Vascular plants (tracheophytes) Lycopodiophyta - clubmosses Equisetophyta - horsetails Pteridophyta - true ferns Psilotophyta - whisk ferns Ophioglossophyta - adderstongues Seed plants (spermatophytes) †Pteridospermatophyta - seed ferns Pinophyta - conifers Cycadophyta - cycads Ginkgophyta - ginkgo Gnetophyta - gnetae Magnoliophyta - flowering plants Adiantum pedatum (a... Classes Magnoliopsida - Dicots Liliopsida - Monocots The flowering plants (also called angiosperms) are a major group of land plants. ... Orders see text Dicotyledons or dicots are flowering plants whose seed contains two embryonic leaves or cotyledons. ... Species See text Gunnera is a genus of herbaceous flowering plants, some of them gigantic. ... Orders see text Dicotyledons or dicots are flowering plants whose seed typically contains two embryonic leaves or cotyledons. ... Species See text Gunnera is a genus of herbaceous flowering plants, some of them gigantic. ... The Cronquist system is a scheme for the classification of flowering plants (or angiosperms). ... The Haloragales are an order of dicotyledons in the Cronquist system of classification, comprising mainly the family Haloragaceae, including water milfoil. ... The Hamemelidales are an order of dicotyledons in the Cronquist system, including the following families: Family Hamamelidaceae (witch-hazel family) Family Cercidiphyllaceae (katsura tree) Family Eupteleaceae Family Platanaceae (plane trees) Family Myrothamnaceae (resurrection bush) These served as the prototype for the subclass Hamamelidae. ...
Stem group Gunnerales date from 115 to 112 million years before present, the date of divergence of the core eudicot clade (Anderson et al.
Although Gunnerales were included in the core eudicots in A.P.G. I and II (1999, 2003), it seems reasonable to exclude them on didactic grounds because of their largely plesiomorphic floral morphology.
Wanntorp and Ronse De Craene (2005) and Ronse De Craene and Wanntorp (2006) note that the morphology of Gunnerales flowers cannot be directly related to that of the pentamerous core eudicots, the floral morphology of the former being shaped by the exigencies of wind pollination.
There are quite a number of duplications known from this general area, perhaps a whole genome duplication is involved (e.g.
The occurence of ellagic acid has a similar distribution as does that of seed coats with a mechanical layer more than a single cell thick; again, the asterid I + II clade may be rather different from the rest.
(1998), although Gunnerales (q.v.) have in the past also been included in core eudicots; Gunnerales and core eudicots are here considered sister taxa.
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