Gustav III's Russian War, also known as the Russo-Swedish War, was fought between Sweden and Russia from June 1788 to August 1790. 1788 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1790 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...

Background

The conflict was initiated by King Gustav III of Sweden for domestic political reasons, where he believed that a short war would leave the opposition no recourse but to support him. Despite establishing himself an autocrat in bloodless coup d'etat that ended parliamentary rule in 1772, his political powers did not give him the right to start a war. In 1788 the head tailor of the Royal Swedish Opera received an order to sew a number of Russian military uniforms. Dresses that later were used in an exchange of gunfire at Puumala, a Swedish outpost on the Russo-Swedish border, on June 27, 1788. The staged attack which caused an outrage in Stockholm, was to convince the Riksdag of the Estates and to provide Gustav with an excuse to declare war on Russia. The declaration also caused Denmark-Norway, an ally to Russia, to declare war on Sweden in August. The Norwegian army briefly invaded Sweden and won the battle of Kvistrum bridge, before peace was signed on July 9, 1789. Gustav III (13 January 1746 (O.S.) (24 January 1746 (N.S.))–March 29, 1792) was King of Sweden from 1771 until his death. ... 1772 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... The Royal Swedish Opera, as seen from the southwest The Royal Swedish Opera, or Kungliga Operan, is the national stage for opera in Sweden. ... Puumala is a municipality of Finland. ... June 27 is the 178th day of the year (179th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 187 days remaining. ... The Old town in Stockholm from the air â–¶(?) is the capital of Sweden, located on the east coast at the entrance of lake Mälaren. ... The Riksdag of the Estates, or Ståndsriksdagen, was the name used for the Estates of the Swedish realm, or Rikets ständer, when they were assembled. ... The Kingdom of Denmark-Norway, consisting of Denmark and Norway, including Norways possessions Iceland, Greenland and the Faroe Islands, is a term used for the two united kingdoms after their amalgamation as one state in 1536. ... July 9 is the 190th day of the year (191st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 175 days remaining. ... 1789 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...

Before the grand opening of the Riksdag in 1789 King Gustav III had the Riksdag Music commissioned. The Parliament then decided on the creation of a National Debt Office to raise funds and finance the war, a move that gave rise to a wave of inflation of the Swedish Riksdaler. 1789 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Riksdagsmusiken, or the Riksdag Music, is a suite of music composed by Joseph Martin Kraus, for the grand opening, in 1789, of the Riksdag of the Estates in Sweden. ... The Swedish National Debt Office or Riksgäldskontoret founded by the Riksdag of the Estates in 1789, is a Government Agency in Sweden. ... The Riksdaler was the name of the currency used in Sweden until 1873 when it was replaced with the krona as an effect of the Scandinavian Monetary Union. ...

The war

The Swedes initially planned a naval assault on St. Petersburg. The Battle of Hogland in the Gulf of Finland in the Baltic Sea, on July 17, 1788, was indecisive. The First Battle of Svensksund on August 24, 1789 ended in a massive Swedish defeat. On May 22, 1790, the Swedish Navy of around four hundred ships found itself trapped in the Viborg Bay, as the exit was blocked by one hundred and fifty Russian vessels. On July 3 the Swedes forced their way out in the so-called Gauntlet of Viborg Bay in which both sides combined lost fifty ships. On July 9 and 10, the Swedish navy under admiral Carl Olof Cronstedt won the Second Battle of Svensksund, in which the Russians lost 9,500 out of 14,000 men and had one third of their fleet captured, in what was the greatest naval victory ever gained by Sweden. The Russian Vice-Chancellor Bezborodko immediately agreed to negotiations, and the war was ended by the Treaty of Värälä on August 14. Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг, English transliteration: Sankt-Peterburg), colloquially known as Питер (transliterated Piter), formerly known as Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991) and Petrograd (Петрогра́д, 1914–1924), is a city located in Northwestern Russia on the delta of the river Neva at the east end of the Gulf of Finland... The Baltic Sea The Gulf of Finland is an arm of the Baltic Sea that extends between Finland (to the north) and Estonia (to the south) all the way to the city of Saint Petersburg in Russia, where the river Neva drains into it. ... The Baltic Sea is located in Northern Europe, from 53 deg. ... July 17 is the 198th day (199th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 167 days remaining. ... 1788 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... The Second Battle of Svensksund (fi: Ruotsinsalmi, ru: Rochensalm) was a naval engagement fought in the Gulf of Finland in the Baltic Sea, outside the present day city of Kotka, on 9-10 July 1790 during the Russo-Swedish War (1788-1790) (also known as King Gustav IIIs Russian... August 24 is the 236th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (237th in leap years), with 129 days remaining. ... 1789 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... May 22 is the 142nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (143rd in leap years). ... 1790 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... The Swedish Navy (Swedish Marinen) is the naval branch of the Swedish Armed Forces. ... Vyborg from the tower of the castle. ... Look up Exit on Wiktionary, the free dictionary EXIT or exit is a name for several entities: An exit can denote a way out of a building, city, or place. ... July 3 is the 184th day of the year (185th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 181 days remaining. ... July 9 is the 190th day of the year (191st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 175 days remaining. ... July 10 is the 191st day (192nd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 174 days remaining. ... The Second Battle of Svensksund (fi: Ruotsinsalmi, ru: Rochensalm) was a naval engagement fought in the Gulf of Finland in the Baltic Sea, outside the present day city of Kotka, on 9-10 July 1790 during the Russo-Swedish War (1788-1790) (also known as King Gustav IIIs Russian... Prince Alexander Andreyevich Bezborodko (1747-1799) was the Grand Chancellor of Russia and chief architect of the Catherine the Greats foreign policy after the death of Nikita Panin. ... This ended Gustav IIIs Russian adventure on the terms favorable to Russia ... August 14 is the 226th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (227th in leap years), with 139 days remaining. ...

Battles

• Battle of Kvistrum
• First Battle of Porrassalmi
• Battle of Hogland
• Battle of Öland
• Battle of Revel
• Gauntlet of Viborg Bay
• First Battle of Svensksund
• Second Battle of Svensksund

There was another naval battle in 1676 called the Battle of Öland. ... The Battle of Revel was a naval battle in Russo-Swedish War of 1788_1790. ... The Second Battle of Svensksund (fi: Ruotsinsalmi, ru: Rochensalm) was a naval engagement fought in the Gulf of Finland in the Baltic Sea, outside the present day city of Kotka, on 9-10 July 1790 during the Russo-Swedish War (1788-1790) (also known as King Gustav IIIs Russian... The Second Battle of Svensksund (fi: Ruotsinsalmi, ru: Rochensalm) was a naval engagement fought in the Gulf of Finland in the Baltic Sea, outside the present day city of Kotka, on 9-10 July 1790 during the Russo-Swedish War (1788-1790) (also known as King Gustav IIIs Russian...

Aftermath

The war solved Gustav III's domestic problems only briefly, as he was assassinated at the Opera in Stockholm, in 1792. After defeat in the Finnish War and the Treaty of Fredrikshamn in 1809, where Sweden ceded Finland to Russia, Sweden underwent major reforms. Jack Ruby murdered Lee Harvey Oswald, the alleged assassin of U.S. President John F. Kennedy, in a very public manner In its most common use, assassination has come to mean the killing of an important person. ... 1792 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... The Finnish War was fought between Sweden and Russia from February 1808 to September 1809. ... The Treaty of Fredrikshamn (Freden i Fredrikshamn in Swedish and Haminan rauha in Finnish ) was a peace treaty concluded between Sweden and Russia on September 17, 1809. ... 1809 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...

The Russo-Swedish War of 1788-1790 was over all mostly insignificant for the parties involved. Russia regarded the Swedish war as a minor distraction, as they were more concerned about events in Poland and in France. Denmark-Norway had declared itself neutral to the conflict on July 9, 1789.

See also

• Anjala conspiracy
• List of Swedish wars

The Anjala conspiracy of 1788 was a scheme by disgruntled Swedish officers to end Gustav IIIs Russian War of 1788–90. ... This is a list of wars fought by Sweden between 1521 and 1814: The Swedish War of Liberation or Befrielsekriget (1521-1523) The Armstice of Gotland (1524) The Recess of Malmö (1524) The Danish Counts Feud or Danska Grevefejden (1534-1536) The Armstice of Copenhagen (1537) The Great Russian...

References

• The Swedish-Russian War of 1788-1790