NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden

Gustav IV Adolf (November 1, 1778 – February 7, 1837), was King of Sweden from 1792 until his abdication in 1809. He was the son of Gustav III of Sweden and his queen consort Sophie Magdalena, eldest daughter of Frederick V of Denmark and his first wife Louise of Great Britain. He was the last Swedish ruler of Finland. Gustaf Adolf (also commonly rendered Gustav Adolph and Gustavus Adolphus) is the name of a number of kings of Sweden: Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden (1594-1632), commonly called Gustaf Adolf the Great Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden (1778-1837) Gustav VI Adolf of Sweden (1882-1973) It is also the... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... The House of Holstein-Gottorp, a cadet branch of the Oldenburg dynasty, ruled Sweden from 1751 until 1818, and Norway from 1814 to 1818. ... Adolf Frederick King of Sweden Adolf Frederick (Adolf Fredrik) (May 14, 1710 â€“ February 12, 1771), was King of Sweden from 1751 until his death. ... Gustav III (13 January (O.S.) or (24 January (N.S.) 1746 â€“ March 29, 1792) was King of Sweden from 1771 until his death. ... Charles XIII (Swe: Karl XIII) (October 7, 1748 - February 5, 1818), was King of Sweden from 1809 and King of Norway (where he was known as Carl II) from 1814 until his death. ... Prince Fredrick Adolf (1750-1803), was a Swedish Prince, youngest son of King Adolf Frederick of Sweden and Queen Louisa Ulrika of Prussia and was given the title duke of Ã–stergÃ¶tland. ... Sofia Albertina was daughter of king Adolf Frederick of Sweden and Louisa Ulrika of Prussia. ... Gustav III (13 January (O.S.) or (24 January (N.S.) 1746 â€“ March 29, 1792) was King of Sweden from 1771 until his death. ... Gustaf Gustafsson of Vasa (1799 - 1877) was the son of Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden. ... Princess Sophie of Sweden (Swedish: , German: Sophie von Schweden), sometimes called Sofia Wilhelmina of Vasa (May 21, 1801 - July 6, 1865), was a consort Grand Duchess of Baden. ... Cecilia of Sweden Cecilia of Sweden (born June 22, 1807 in Stockholm; died January 27, 1844 in Oldenburg) was princess of Sweden and Grand Duchess of Oldenburg. ... Princess Carola of Vasa (5 August 1833-15 December 1907) was a Swedish princess and queen consort of Saxony. ... Charles XIII (Swe: Karl XIII) (October 7, 1748 - February 5, 1818), was King of Sweden from 1809 and King of Norway (where he was known as Carl II) from 1814 until his death. ... is the 305th day of the year (306th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1778 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... is the 38th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Queen Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom (1837 - 1901) 1837 (MDCCCXXXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Sweden is a constitutional monarchy with a representative democracy based on a parliamentary system. ... 1792 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Year 1809 (MDCCCIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar). ... Gustav III (13 January (O.S.) or (24 January (N.S.) 1746 â€“ March 29, 1792) was King of Sweden from 1771 until his death. ... Sofia Magdalena of Denmark and Norway (Christiansborg Palace, Denmark, 3 July 1743 - Ulriksdal Palace, Sweden, 21 August 1813) was a Queen consort of Sweden. ... Frederick V, painting by Carl Gustaf Pilo Statue of Frederick V in the center of Amalienborg by Jacques FranÃ§ois Joseph Saly Frederick V (March 31, 1723 â€“ January 13, 1766) was king of Denmark and Norway from 1746, son of Christian VI of Denmark and Sophia Magdalen of Brandenburg-Kulmbach. ... Louise of Hanover and of Great Britain (December 18, 1724 - December 19, 1751) was the youngest surviving daughter of George II of Great Britain and Caroline of Ansbach, and became Queen consort of Denmark and Norway. ...

Early life

Gustav Adolf was born in Stockholm. It was rumored that Gustav Adolf was the biological son of the Nobleman, then Baron and later Count Adolf Fredrik Munck af Fulkila, though this has never been established. He was raised under the tutelage of his father and the liberal-minded Nils von Rosenstein. Upon Gustav III's assassination in March 1792, Gustav Adolf succeeded to the throne at the age of 14, under the regency of his uncle, Charles, duke of Södermanland. Image File history File links Gustav_IV_Adolf_of_Sweden. ... Image File history File links Gustav_IV_Adolf_of_Sweden. ... For other uses, see Stockholm (disambiguation). ... Charles XIII (Swe: Karl XIII) (October 7, 1748 - February 5, 1818), was King of Sweden from 1809 and King of Norway (where he was known as Carl II) from 1814 until his death. ...

In August 1796 his uncle the regent arranged for the young king to visit St. Petersburg to betroth him to Catherine the Great's granddaughter, Grand Duchess Alexandra Pavlovna. However, the whole arrangement foundered on the obstinate refusal of Gustav to allow his destined bride liberty of worship according to the rites of the Russian Orthodox Church — a rebuff which undoubtedly accelerated the death of the Russian empress. Nobody seems to have suspected the possibility at the time that emotional problems might lie at the root of Gustav's abnormal piety. Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг, English transliteration: Sankt-Peterburg), colloquially known as Питер (transliterated Piter), formerly known as Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991) and... â€œCatherine the Greatâ€ redirects here. ... Grand Duchess Alexandra Pavlovna (Russian: Ð’ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ°Ñ ÐºÐ½ÑÐ¶Ð½Ð° ÐÐ»ÐµÐºÑÐ°Ð½Ð´Ñ€Ð° ÐŸÐ°Ð²Ð»Ð¾Ð²Ð½Ð°) (St. ... The Russian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate (Russian: ), also known as the Orthodox Christian Church of Russia, is a body of Christians who are united under the Patriarch of Moscow, who in turn is in communion with the other patriarchs and primates of the Eastern Orthodox Church. ...

On the contrary, when he came of age that year, thereby ending the regency, there were many who prematurely congratulated themselves on the fact that Sweden had now no disturbing genius, but an economical, God-fearing, commonplace monarch to deal with.

Politics

Gustav Adolf's prompt dismissal of the generally detested Gustaf Adolf Reuterholm, the duke-regent's leading advisor, added still further to his popularity. On October 31, 1797 Gustav married Friederika, granddaughter of Karl Friedrich, Margrave of Baden, a marriage which seemed to threaten war with Russia but for the fanatical hatred of the French republic shared by the Emperor Paul of Russia and Gustav IV Adolf, which served as a bond of union between them. Indeed the king's horror of Jacobinism was morbid in its intensity, and drove him to become increasingly reactionary and to postpone his coronation for some years, so as to avoid calling together a diet. Nonetheless, the disorder of the state finances, largely inherited from Gustav III's Russian war of 1788-92, as well as widespread crop failures in 1798 and 1799, compelled him to summon the estates to Norrköping in March 1800 and on April 3 the same year. When the king encountered serious opposition at the riksdag, he resolved never to call another. Baron Gustaf Adolf Reuterholm (1756-1813), was a Swedish statesman. ... is the 304th day of the year (305th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1797 (MDCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 11-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Frederica Dorothea Wilhelmina of Baden (March 12, 1781 - September 25, 1826) was Queen consort of Sweden from 1797 to 1809. ... Grand Duke Karl Friedrich of Baden, painting by Johann Ludwig Kisling, 1806/1807 Karl Friedrich, Grand Duke of Baden (November 22, 1728 in Karlsruhe â€“ June 10, 1811 in Karlsruhe) was the son of Hereditary Prince Friedrich of Baden and Anna of Nassau-Dietz-Orange (October 13, 1710 â€“ September 17, 1777... Baden was a territory in the southwest of what later became unified Germany. ... Paul I of Russia (Russian: ; Pavel Petrovich) (October 1, 1754-March 23, 1801) was the Emperor of Russia between 1796 and 1801. ... In the context of the French Revolution, a Jacobin originally meant a member of the Jacobin Club (1789-1794). ... The Riksdag of the Estates, or Ståndsriksdagen, was the name used for the Estates of the Swedish realm, or Rikets ständer, when they were assembled. ... Nickname: Peking Coordinates: Area - City 1,503. ... // ON MAY 5 1853 MR.FADER HAD SEX WITH A MAN NAME MR WIEN THEN THEY HAD SON NAMEDMRS COTURE AND MR MANOOGIAN WENT INTO MRS HASKELLS OFFICE NAKED AND DANCED AROUND AND MASTERBATED ON HER CHEST AND SHE LICKED IT OFF THEN THEY HAD ORAL SEEX WITH NAPLOEAN OF... is the 93rd day of the year (94th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Loss of Finland

His reign was ill-fated and was to end abruptly. In 1805, he joined the Third Coalition against Napoleon. His campaign went poorly and the French occupied Swedish Pomerania. When his ally, Russia, made peace and concluded an alliance with France at Tilsit in 1807, Sweden and Portugal were left as Great Britain's European allies. In the winter of 1808, Russia invaded Swedish-occupied Finland on the pretext of compelling Sweden to join Napoleon's Continental System. Denmark likewise declared war on Sweden.^{[citation needed]} By early 1809, less than one year, Sweden surrendered all of Finland to Russia, which Emperor Alexander I then established as an autonomous grand-duchy under his suzerainty.

Coup d'etat and abdication

Gustav Adolf's inept and erratic leadership in diplomacy and war precipitated his deposition through a conspiracy of army officers. On March 13, 1809 seven of the conspirators broke into the royal apartments in the palace, seized the king, and imprisoned him and his family in Gripsholm castle; Duke Charles (Karl) was thereupon persuaded to accept the leadership of a provisional government, which was proclaimed the same day; and a diet, hastily summoned, solemnly approved of the revolution. Image File history File links Gustavarrest. ... Image File history File links Gustavarrest. ... is the 72nd day of the year (73rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1809 (MDCCCIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar). ... Arx Gripsholm, cirka 1700, in Suecia antiqua et hodierna, with the town Mariefred at the right. ...

On March 29 Gustav IV Adolf, to save the crown for his son, voluntarily abdicated; but on May 19 the Riksdag of the Estates, dominated by the army, declared that not merely Gustav but his whole family had forfeited the throne. On June 5 the duke regent (Gustav's uncle) was proclaimed king under the title of Charles XIII, after accepting a new liberal constitution, which was ratified by the diet the same day. In December Gustav and his family were transported to Germany. is the 88th day of the year (89th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 139th day of the year (140th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Riksdag of the Estates, or Ståndsriksdagen, was the name used for the Estates of the Swedish realm, or Rikets ständer, when they were assembled. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... is the 156th day of the year (157th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Charles XIII (Swe: Karl XIII) (October 7, 1748 - February 5, 1818), was King of Sweden from 1809 and King of Norway (where he was known as Carl II) from 1814 until his death. ...

In exile Gustav used several titles, Count Gottorp, Duke of Holstein-Eutin, and finally settled at St. Gallen in Switzerland where he lived in a small hotel in great loneliness and indigence, under the name of Colonel Gustafsson. It was there that he suffered a stroke and died. At the suggestion of King Oscar II of Sweden his body was finally brought to Sweden and interred in the Riddarholmskyrkan. The House of Holstein-Gottorp, a branch of the Oldenburg dynasty, rose to several thrones. ... The House of Holstein-Gottorp, a branch of the Oldenburg dynasty, rose to several thrones. ... St. ... Oscar II (Oscar Fredrik) (January 21, 1829 â€“ December 8, 1907) was King of Sweden and Norway from 1872 until his death. ... -1...

Ancestors

Prince Christian August of Holstein-Gottorp (1673 - 1726) was Duke of Slesvig-Holstein, prince regent of Eutin, prince-bishop of Lubeck and regent of the duchy of Holstein-Gottorp. ... Adolf Frederick King of Sweden Adolf Frederick (Adolf Fredrik) (May 14, 1710 â€“ February 12, 1771), was King of Sweden from 1751 until his death. ... Gustav III (13 January (O.S.) or (24 January (N.S.) 1746 â€“ March 29, 1792) was King of Sweden from 1771 until his death. ... Frederick William I (German: Friedrich Wilhelm I) (August 14, 1688 â€“ May 31, 1740) of the House of Hohenzollern, was the King in Prussia from 1713 until his death. ... Louisa Ulrika of Prussia (Swedish: Lovisa Ulrika; German: Luise Ulrike) (1720â€”1782) was Queen consort of Sweden between 1751 and 1771. ... Sophia Charlotte of Hanover was born on October 30, 1668, at Schloss Iburg near OsnabrÃ¼ck. ... Chistian VI (1699-1746) king of Denmark and Norway from 1730. ... Frederick V, painting by Carl Gustaf Pilo Statue of Frederick V in the center of Amalienborg by Jacques FranÃ§ois Joseph Saly Frederick V (March 31, 1723 â€“ January 13, 1766) was king of Denmark and Norway from 1746, son of Christian VI of Denmark and Sophia Magdalen of Brandenburg-Kulmbach. ... Queen Sophia Magdalen. ... Sofia Magdalena of Denmark and Norway (Christiansborg Palace, Denmark, 3 July 1743 - Ulriksdal Palace, Sweden, 21 August 1813) was a Queen consort of Sweden. ... George II (George Augustus; 10 November 1683 â€“ 25 October 1760) was King of Great Britain and Ireland, Duke of Brunswick-LÃ¼neburg (Hanover) and Archtreasurer and Prince-Elector of the Holy Roman Empire from 11 June 1727 until his death. ... Louise of Hanover and of Great Britain (December 18, 1724 - December 19, 1751) was the youngest surviving daughter of George II of Great Britain and Caroline of Ansbach, and became Queen consort of Denmark and Norway. ... Caroline of Ansbach (later Queen Caroline; Wilhelmina Charlotte Caroline; 1 March 1683 â€“ 20 November 1737) was the queen consort of George II. // Margravine Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach was born on 1 March 1683, at Ansbach in Germany, the daughter of Johann Friedrich, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach and his second wife...

Family

In 1797 he had married Frederika Dorothea Wilhelmina of Baden (1781–1826), with whom he had five children: Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... 1797 (MDCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 11-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Frederica Dorothea Wilhelmina of Baden (March 12, 1781 - September 25, 1826) was Queen consort of Sweden from 1797 to 1809. ... 1781 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... The oldest surviving photograph, NicÃ©phore NiÃ©pce, circa 1826 1826 (MDCCCXXVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

His son Gustav would serve as an officer in the service of the Habsburgs of Austria, but would never father a son of his own, only a daughter, later Queen Consort Carola of Saxony, wife of Saxony's King Albert I. Sofia Wilhelmina would marry Grand Duke Leopold of Baden, and their grand-daughter Victoria of Baden would marry into the House of Bernadotte, i.e Gustav V of Sweden. By 1812, Gustav Adolf divorced his consort and following this he had several mistresses, among them Maria Schlegel who gave him the son Adolf Gustafsson. Crown Prince Gustav of Sweden (November 9, 1799 at Stockholm â€“ August 5, 1877 at Pillnitz), later Gustaf Gustafsson von Holstein-Gottorp, Prince of Vasa) was the son of Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden and Frederica of Baden. ... Year 1809 (MDCCCIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar). ... is the 313th day of the year (314th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1799 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1877 (MDCCCLXXVII) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Princess Sophie of Sweden (Swedish: , German: Sophie von Schweden), sometimes called Sofia Wilhelmina of Vasa (May 21, 1801 - July 6, 1865), was a consort Grand Duchess of Baden. ... May 21 is the 141st day of the year (142nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Union Jack, flag of the newly formed United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. ... 1865 (MDCCCLXV) is a common year starting on Sunday. ... Leopold I, Grand Duke of Baden (* 29 August 1790; † 24 April 1852). ... Grand Duke of Finland, more correctly Grand Prince of Finland, (Finnish: Suomen suuriruhtinas, Swedish: Storfurste av Finland) was a title in use, sometimes sporadically, between 1584 and 1808. ... is the 336th day of the year (337th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... --69. ... 1805 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... is the 53rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1805 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1853 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Cecilia of Sweden Cecilia of Sweden (born June 22, 1807 in Stockholm; died January 27, 1844 in Oldenburg) was princess of Sweden and Grand Duchess of Oldenburg. ... is the 173rd day of the year (174th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1807 (MDCCCVII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar). ... Jan. ... This is a list of the counts, dukes , grand dukes, and prime ministers of Oldenburg. ... Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy; also used as the flag of the Austrian Empire until the Ausgleich of 1867. ... Princess Carola of Sweden or of Vasa (Caroline Friederike Franziska Stephanie Amelie Cecilie) (5 August 1833 at Schonbrunn â€“ 15 December 1907 at Dresden) was a princess of Sweden and queen consort of Saxony. ... Albert, King of Saxony (Germany) (1828 - 1902, reigned 1873 - 1902), was born April 23, 1828 in Dresden. ... Leopold I, Grand Duke of Baden (29 August 1790 â€“24 April 1852) succeeded in 1830 as the fourth Grand Duke of Baden. ... Victoria of Baden (August 7, 1862 - April 4, 1930) was the Queen consort of King Gustav V of Sweden. ... The House of Bernadotte, the current Royal House of the Kingdom of Sweden, has reigned since 1818. ... Gustaf V (Oscar Gustaf Adolf) (June 16, 1858 â€“ October 29, 1950) was King of Sweden from 1907 until his death. ... For the overture by Tchaikovsky, see 1812 Overture; For the wars, see War of 1812 (USA - United Kingdom) or Patriotic War of 1812 (France - Russia) For the Siberia Airlines plane crashed over the Black Sea on October 4, 2001, see Siberia Airlines Flight 1812 1812 was a leap year starting... House of Vasa Agda Persdotter, mistress of Eric XIV of Sweden Karin Jacobsdotter, mistress of Eric XIV of Sweden Karin Hansdotter, Finnish mistress of John III of Sweden Karin Nilsdotter, mistress of Charles IX of Sweden Ebba Brahe, mistress of Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden Margareta Slots, mistress of Gustavus Adolphus...

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