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Encyclopedia > Gzip
gzip
File extension: .gz
MIME type: application/x-gzip
Developed by: Jean-loup Gailly and Mark Adler
Type of format: data compression
gzip
Developer: GNU Project
Latest release: 1.3.12 / April 13, 2007
OS: Cross-platform
Genre: data compression
License: GPL
Website: www.gnu.org

gzip is a software application used for file compression. gzip is short for GNU zip; the program is a free software replacement for the compress program used in early Unix systems, intended for use by the GNU Project. A filename extension is a suffix to the name of a computer file applied to show its format. ... For mime as an art form, see mime artist. ... “Source coding” redirects here. ... “Software development” redirects here. ... The GNU logo, drawn by Etienne Suvasa The GNU Project was announced in 1983 by Richard Stallman. ... Code complete redirects here. ... is the 103rd day of the year (104th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... An operating system (OS) is the software that manages the sharing of the resources of a computer and provides programmers with an interface used to access those resources. ... A cross-platform (or platform independent) programming language, software application or hardware device works on more than one system platform (e. ... Computer software can be organized into categories based on common function, type, or field of use. ... “Source coding” redirects here. ... A software license is a legal agreement which may take the form of a proprietary or gratuitous license as well as a memorandum of contract between a producer and a user of computer software. ... The GNU logo The GNU General Public License (GNU GPL or simply GPL) is a widely-used free software license, originally written by Richard Stallman for the GNU project. ... A website (alternatively, Web site or web site) is a collection of Web pages, images, videos or other digital assets that is hosted on one or several Web server(s), usually accessible via the Internet, cell phone or a LAN. A Web page is a document, typically written in HTML... Application software is a subclass of computer software that employs the capabilities of a computer directly to a task that the user wishes to perform. ... In computer science, data compression or source coding is the process of encoding information using fewer bits (or other information-bearing units) than a more obvious representation would use, thanks to specific encoding schemes. ... Clockwise from top: The logo of the GNU Project, the Linux kernel mascot Tux, and the BSD Daemon Free software is software that can be used, studied, and modified without restriction, and which can be copied and redistributed in modified or unmodified form either without restriction, or with restrictions only... Categories: Disambiguation | Software stubs | Data compression software ... Filiation of Unix and Unix-like systems Unix (officially trademarked as UNIX®, sometimes also written as or ® with small caps) is a computer operating system originally developed in 1969 by a group of AT&T employees at Bell Labs including Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie and Douglas McIlroy. ... The GNU logo, drawn by Etienne Suvasa The GNU Project was announced in 1983 by Richard Stallman. ...


gzip was created by Jean-loup Gailly and Mark Adler. Version 0.1 was first publicly released on October 31, 1992. Version 1.0 followed in February 1993. is the 304th day of the year (305th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar). ...


OpenBSD's version of gzip is based on the older compress program instead of implemented separately, and was added in OpenBSD 3.4; the 'g' in its version stands for gratis.[1] Categories: Disambiguation | Software stubs | Data compression software ...

Contents

File format

gzip is based on the DEFLATE algorithm, which is a combination of LZ77 and Huffman coding. DEFLATE was intended as a replacement for LZW and other patent-encumbered data compression algorithms which, at the time, limited the usability of compress and other popular archivers. DEFLATE is a lossless data compression algorithm that uses a combination of the LZ77 algorithm and Huffman coding. ... LZ77 and LZ78 are the names for the two lossless data compression algorithms published in papers by Abraham Lempel and Jacob Ziv in 1977 and 1978. ... In computer science and information theory, Huffman coding is an entropy encoding algorithm used for lossless data compression. ... LZW (Lempel-Ziv-Welch) is an implementation of a lossless data compression algorithm created by Abraham Lempel and Jacob Ziv. ... For other uses, see Patent (disambiguation). ... “Source coding” redirects here. ... In mathematics, computing, linguistics, and related disciplines, an algorithm is a finite list of well-defined instructions for accomplishing some task that, given an initial state, will terminate in a defined end-state. ...


“gzip” is often also used to refer to the gzip file format, which is:

  • a 10-byte header, containing a magic number, a version number and a timestamp
  • optional extra headers, such as the original file name,
  • a body, containing a DEFLATE-compressed payload
  • an 8-byte footer, containing a CRC-32 checksum and the length of the original uncompressed data

Although its file format also allows for multiple such streams to be concatenated together (these are simply decompressed concatenated as if they were one), gzip is normally used to compress just single files. Compressed archives are typically created by assembling collections of files into a single tar archive, and then compressing that archive with gzip. The final .tar.gz or .tgz file is usually called a tarball. In computer programming, a magic number is a constant used to identify the file or data type employed. ... Look up payload in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A cyclic redundancy check (CRC) is a type of hash function used to produce a checksum which is a small integer from a large block of data, such as network traffic or computer files, in order to detect errors in transmission or duplication. ... In computing, tar (derived from tape archive) is both file format (in the form of a type of archive bitstream) and the name of the program used to handle such files. ... In computing, the tar file format is a type of archive file format: the Tape ARchive format. ...


gzip is not to be confused with the ZIP archive format, which also uses DEFLATE. The ZIP format can hold collections of files without an external archiver, but is less compact than compressed tarballs holding the same data because it compresses files individually and cannot take advantage of redundancy between files (solid compression). The ZIP file format is a popular data compression and archival format. ... In computing, the tar (file) format (derived from tape archive) is a type of archive bitstream or file format. ... In computing, solid compression refers to a method for data compression of multiple files, wherein all the compressed files are treated as a single data block. ...


zlib is an abstraction of the DEFLATE algorithm in library form which includes support both for the gzip file format and a lightweight stream format in its API. The zlib stream format, DEFLATE and the gzip file format were standardized respectively as RFC 1950, RFC 1951 and RFC 1952. zlib is an open-source, cross-platform data compression library. ...


The corresponding program for uncompressing gzipped files is gunzip. Both commands call the same binary; gunzip has the same effect as gzip -d.


Other uses

The "Content-Encoding" header in HTTP/1.1 allows clients to optionally receive compressed HTTP responses and (less commonly) to send compressed requests. The standard itself specifies two compression methods: “gzip” (RFC 1952; the content wrapped in a gzip stream) and “deflate” (RFC 1950; the content wrapped in a zlib-formatted stream). Compressed responses are supported by many HTTP client libraries, almost all modern browsers and both of the major HTTP server platforms, Apache and Microsoft IIS. Many server implementations, however, incorrectly implement the protocol by using the raw DEFLATE stream format (RFC 1951) instead. The bug is sufficiently pervasive that most modern browsers will accept both RFC 1951 and RFC 1950-formatted data for the "deflate" compressed method. HTTP (for HyperText Transfer Protocol) is the primary method used to convey information on the World Wide Web. ...


Since the late 1990s, bzip2, a file compression utility based on a block-sorting algorithm, has gained some popularity as a gzip replacement. It produces considerably smaller files (especially for source code and other structured text), but at the cost of memory and processing time (up to a factor of 4). bzip2-compressed tarballs are conventionally named .tar.bz2. For the band, see 1990s (band). ... The correct title of this article is . ...


AdvanceCOMP and 7-zip use a DEFLATE implementation which produces gzip-compatible files with better compression ratios than gzip itself, at the cost of more processor time. AdvanceCOMP is a set of command line data (re-)compression tools. ... 7-Zip is an open source file archiver designed originally for the Microsoft Windows operating system, and later made available to other systems. ...


References

  1. ^ OpenBSD gzip(1) manual page. OpenBSD. Retrieved on 2007-07-23.
  • RFC 1952 - GZIP file format specification version 4.3

Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 204th day of the year (205th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

See also

Free software Portal

Image File history File links Free_Software_Portal_Logo. ... This is a list of file formats used by archivers and compressors. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Comparison of file archivers. ... The following tables compare general and technical information for a number of file archivers. ... This is a list of Unix programs. ... A free file format is a file format that is free of any patents or copyright. ...

External links


  Results from FactBites:
 
DECS - Gzip (351 words)
Gzip is a compression utility that will compress a given file to a smaller size for a greater efficiency in storing and transferring files.
Gzip can be used to reduce your amount of disk space and to store more files for your personal use.
Gzip is automatically included in your path, so in order to use gzip all you need to do is type gzip and it's options.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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