Antoine Hércule Romuald Florence ( 1804 is a leap year starting on Sunday. ...1804_ 1879 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...1879) was a French_Brazilian For the computer graphics program, see Corel Painter. ...painter and An inventor is a person who creates new inventions, typically technical devices such as mechanical, electrical or software devices or methods. ...inventor, who became famous for being a predecessor of the invention of Lens and mounting of a large format camera Photography is the technique of recording and generating permanent images, by the capturing and preservation of physical stimulus_patterns on a layer of photosensitive material. ...photography.

Hercules Florence was born on February 29 is the 60th day of a leap year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 306 days remaining. ...February 29, 1804 is a leap year starting on Sunday. ...1804 in This article is about the city. ...Nice, France _ Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ...France, the son of Arnaud Florence (1749_1807), tax collector, and Augustine de Vignolis, a noble woman. As a youngster he manifested interest for drawing and the sciences, as well as for the voyages of the great explorers to the The New World is one of the names used for the continents of North and South America and adjacent islands collectively, in use since the 16th century. ...New World and already as a 14 years old boy he worked as a Calligraphy (from Greek καλλι calli beauty + γραφος graphos writing) is the art of decorative writing. ...calligrapher and This is about drafting, the art and science of technical drawing. ...draftsman in The Principality of Monaco or Monaco ( French: Principauté de Monaco or Monaco; Monegasque: Munegu or Principatu de Munegu) is a city state and the second_smallest country in the world, wedged in between the Mediterranean Sea and France along the French Riviera or Côte dAzur (The Blue Coast). ...Monaco, where his parents had been living since 1807.

After a period of wandering and working on board of USS Port Royal (CG_73), a Ticonderoga class cruiser. ...warships and merchant ships, Hércules Florence set sail to Brazil as a crew member of the French warship Marie Thérèze, arriving in the port of Ipanema beach A NASA satellite image of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro (meaning River of January in Portuguese) is the name of both a state and a city in southeastern Brazil. ...Rio de Janeiro on May 1 is the 121st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (122nd in leap years). ...May 1st, 1824 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...1824, two years after the declaration of independence from The Republic of Portugal (República Portuguesa), or Portugal, is a democratic republic located on the west and southwest parts of the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe; it is the westernmost country in continental Europe. ...Portugal. He was already an accomplished draftsman and For the computer graphics program, see Corel Painter. ...painter with considerable talent and many scientific interests, particularly in the natural sciences and Ethnography (from the Greek ethnos = nation and graphe = writing) refers to the qualitative description of human social phenomena, based on months or years of fieldwork. ...ethnography. Soon after his arrival, he got a job in a women's fashion store and then as a lithographer in a bookstore and printing shop, owned by his compatriot Pierre Plancher.

The great expedition

Sugar cane mill in São Carlos, 1840

Florence's life changed dramatically when he decided to responde to a newspaper advertisement put by Baron von Langsdorff (1773-1852), the See also: consulate (disambiguation). ...consul general of the The Russian Federation ( Russian: Росси́йская Федера́ция, transliteration: Rossiyskaya Federatsiya or Rossijskaja Federacija), or Russia (Russian: Росси́я, transliteration: Rossiya or Rossija), is a country that stretches over a vast expanse of eastern Europe and northern Asia. ...Russian Empire in Brazil, a The Federal Republic of Germany ( German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland) is one of the worlds leading industrialised countries, located in the heart of Europe. ...Germany_born The word physician should not be confused with physicist, which means a scientist in the area of physics. ...physician and _1...naturalist who was organizing on behalf of the Russian Russian Academy of Sciences (Росси́йская Акаде́мия Нау́к) is the national academy of Russia. ...Imperial Academy of Sciences a scientific expedition to the The name Amazon may refer to several concepts: The legendary Amazons, women renowned in antiquity for their prowess in battle. ...Amazon. He was hired as an illustrator and topographic draftsman, together with German painter Johann Moritz Rugendas (1802-1858) and the young French illustrator Adrien Taunay (1803-1828). In the year of 1825 they travelled by sea from Rio to the village of Santos is a municipality in the São Paulo state of Brazil founded in 1543. ...Santos. While they waited for the set day of departure to the Amazon, Florence and other members of the scientific expedition spent their days exploring the lowland areas, such as Cubatão, and the high-rising For alternate uses of the term, see Plateau (disambiguation). ...plateau beyond the imposing Guarumbi, part of Serra do Mar in the state of Paraná Serra do Mar (Portuguese for Mountain Range of the Sea) is a 1,500 km long system of mountain ranges and escarpments in Southeastern Brazil, which runs in parallel to the Atlantic Ocean coast, from the state of Esp...Serra do Mar: they visited the towns of Sao Paulo and São Paulo (city) redirect here. ...São Paulo, Juqueri, Jundiaí is a city and county in the São Paulo, Brazil. ...Jundiai, Itu is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. ...Itu and Campinas is a city and county (município) located in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. ...Campinas. In Porto Feliz is a municipality/county in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. ...Porto Feliz, the town by the Tietê River, located 80 km northwest of São Paulo, where the departure would take place, Florence was hosted for a while by Surgery Surgery is the medical specialty that treats diseases or injuries by operative manual and instrumental treatment. ...surgeon and A politician is an individual involved in politics. ...politician Francisco Álvares Machado e Vasconcellos (1791_1846).

From 1826 to 1829 he accompanied Langsdorff's expeditionary party through its many vicissitudes and disease, and was the only artist to arrive at This article is about the city in Brazil. ...Belém ( Pará _ Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ...Pará) and return unscathed to Rio.

His vivid and detailed illustrations, drawings and Watercolor is a painting technique making use of water_soluble pigments that are either transparent or opaque and are formulated with gum to bond the pigment to the paper. ...watercolors picturing the local Fauna is a collective term for animal life, as distinct from Flora (plant life) Fauna is an ancient Roman goddess. ...fauna and The term flora has several meanings in English: Flora is a collective term for plant life; as distinct from Fauna (animals). ...flora, the landscapes, and, particularly, the many inhabitants and The indigenous people of Brazil (povos indígenas in Portuguese) comprise a large number of distict ethnic groups who inhabited the countrys present territory prior its discovery by Europeans around 1500. ...Indians met during the voyage; were very important for the documentation of Langsdorff's voyage, as well as for his subsequent career.

Back to Rio, Florence left the manuscript of his diary of the expedition, with 84 pages (written in French) with Félix Taunay (1795_1881), the brother of his companion Adrien. The manuscript was translated to The word Portuguese can mean: From or related to Portugal The ethnic Portuguese people, see list of Portuguese people The Portuguese language Portuguese Creole Portuguese sidewalk Elizabeth Barrett Browning, who was nicknamed My little Portuguese by her husband Robert Browning. ...Portuguese and published by the son of Félix, the historian Alfredo D´Escragnolle Taunay more than 40 years later, in 1875 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...1875. In 1849 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...1849, Florence completed his description of the fabulous adventure, which was published for the first time in For the album by Ash, see 1977 (album). ...1977, under the title "A Fluvial Voyage from Tietê to Amazon Rivers, through the Brazilian Provinces of São Paulo, Mato Grosso and Grand_Pará (1825_1829)".

Businessman and inventor

Soon after the end of the expedition, in 1830 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...1830, Florence married to Maria Angélica de Vasconcellos, the daughter of his acquaintance and benefactor Francisco Álvaro Machado, and went to live with her in the small city of Campinas is a city and county (município) located in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. ...Campinas (then named the village of São Carlos), in the province of Sao Paulo and São Paulo (city) redirect here. ...São Paulo. There he became a succesful Farmer spreading grasshopper bait in his alfalfa field. ...farmer, 1. ...publisher and owner of the first A printer can be: Someone who operates a printing press, and prints books. ...printer in the town, and in Campinas he remained for the next 49 years until his death in March 27 is the 86th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (87th in Leap years). ...March 27, 1879 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...1879. After his first spouse died in 1850, he married Carolina Krug four years later, a German immigrant born in 1828 in Map of Germany showing Kassel Watershed of the river Weser Kassel [ˈkasl̩] (until 1926 officially Cassel) is a city in central Germany. ...Kassel and a Protestantism is a general grouping of denominations within Christianity. ...protestant. Together they founded in 1863 a school for girls, the Florence College, which was moved to Jundiaí is a city and county in the São Paulo, Brazil. ...Jundiai after Hercule's death. He fathered a total of 20 children, being 13 with Maria Angélica and 7 with Carolina.

Photocopy of a diploma made using Florence's photographic technique, ca. 1839

Soon after settling in Campinas, Hércules Florence began a prolific career of inventor and businessman. During the Langsdorff expedition, he had devised a ingenious way of using Music notation is a system of writing for music. ...musical notation to record the Bird song refers to the sounds, usually melodious to the human ear, made by many birds of the order Passeriformes as a form of communication. ...songs of birds and vocalizations of other animals, which he named "zoophonia". Then, in 1830, when he was searching for a simplified way of printing his more than 200 illustrations performed during the Langsdorff Expedition, other than using expensive and time_consuming engravings on wood and metal ( Xylography, an early form of wood engraving, was first seen in China in the 1st century. ...xylography and Lithography is a method for printing on a smooth surface, as well as a method of manufacturing semiconductor and MEMS devices. ...lithography), he invented a new process, similar to the Mimeograph machine The Mimeograph machine (commonly abbreviated to Mimeo), or stencil duplicator was a printing machine that was far cheaper per copy than any other process in runs of several hundred to several thousand copies. ...mimeograph, which he named "polygraphia" and started to used commercially in the printing office he opened in city. This evolved to new methods to combine colors and to produce inimitable A £20 Ulster Bank banknote. ...bank notes. Finally, with the help of a pharmacist friend, Joaquim Correa de Mello, from 1832 to 1839 he developed a way of fixing permanently The camera obscura (Lat. ...camera obscura images, which he named "photographia". By investigating several different chemicals, they arrived in 1833 at Silver nitrate is a chemical compound with chemical formula AgNO3. ...silver nitrate on paper, in a process very similar to that developed by the "official" inventors of Lens and mounting of a large format camera Photography is the technique of recording and generating permanent images, by the capturing and preservation of physical stimulus_patterns on a layer of photosensitive material. ...photography, Joseph Nicéphore Niépce (1765-1833) and Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre (1781-1851), in France, and William Henry Fox Talbot (February 11, 1800 - September 17, 1877) was one of the first photographers and made major contributions to the photographic process. ...William Henry Fox Talbot (1800-1877), in Royal motto: Dieu et mon droit (French: God and my right) Official language None; English is de facto Capital London Capitals coordinates 51° 30 N, 0° 10 W Largest city London Area  - Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 km² Population  - Total (2001)  - Density Ranked 1st UK 49,138,831...England.

Bibliography

• Viagem Fluvial do Tietê ao Amazonas. Hércules Florence, Brazilian edition with translation by Francisco Álvares Machado and Vasconcellos Florence, Museu de Arte de São Paulo Assis Chateaubriand, 1977.
• Vieillard, J.: A Zoophonia de Hercule Florence. Editora da Universidade de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, 1993.

External links

• Hercules Florence (http://www.itaucultural.org.br/AplicExternas/Enciclopedia/artesvisuais2003/index.cfm?fuseaction=Detalhe&CD_Verbete=1707). Dicionario das Artes Visuais (In Portuguese).
• Hércules Florence. Biografia (http://www.hercules200.hpg.ig.com.br/biografia.htm). In Portuguese.