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Some types of HPV cause genital warts-single or multiple bumps that appear in the genital areas of men and women including the vagina, cervix, vulva (area outside of the vagina), penis, and rectum.
HPV infection is usually diagnosed based on results from an abnormal Pap smear, a primary cancer-screening tool for cervical cancer or pre-cancerous changes of the cervix.
Gardasil is a vaccine that prevents infection with four HPV types: 6, 11, 16, and 18.
The HPV types that cause the common warts that grow on hands and feet are not transmitted sexually and differ from those that cause growths in the mouth and genital area.
HPVs that can lead to the development of cancer are referred to as "high-risk." Both high-risk and low-risk types of HPVs can cause the growth of abnormal cells, but usually only the high-risk types may lead to cancer.
The HPV test checks directly for genetic material (DNA) of HPV, and may be used to determine which women with an ambiguous Pap test result known as ASC-US (atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance) are most likely to have underlying precancerous or cancerous changes on their cervix.
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