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The U.S. House of Representatives Select Committee on Assassinations was established in 1976 to investigate the John F. Kennedy assassination and the Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. assassination. The Committee investigated until 1978, and in 1979 issued its final report.
The HSCA committee was a followup to the Hart-Schweiker and Church Committee hearings that had revealed CIA ties to other assassinations and assassination attempts. The HSCA also resulted from the public demands as a result of hundreds of books, magazine articles, and video documentaries completed by private citizens and professional investigators since 1963. The HSCA also resulted from the public outcry after the Zapruder film was first shown in motion on TV in March 1975 after having been stored by Life magazine out of view of the public for almost twelve years.
The HSCA concluded in its 1979 report that President Kennedy "was probably assassinated as a result of a conspiracy."
The Committee concluded that Kennedy was shot at by Lee Harvey Oswald, and further concluded (based, in part, on the acoustical evidence and eyewitnesses testimonies and statements) that a second assassin also fired at Kennedy. Its conclusion was that Oswald fired the first, second and fourth shot (with the second and fourth shot hitting Kennedy), and that the third shot came from a second assassin located on the grassy knoll, but missed. The Committee concluded that the fourth shot struck President Kennedy in the head, killing him.
The HSCA agreed with the single bullet theory, but that it occurred at a time point during the assassination that differed from any of the several time points the Warren Commission theorized it occurred.
The members of this probable conspiracy were not identified. However, the committee noted that it believed that the conspiracy did not include any organized crime group, nor the governments of the Soviet Union or Cuba, any anti-Castro group, the FBI, the CIA, or the Secret Service. The Department of Justice, FBI, CIA, and the Warren Commission were all criticized for deficient job performance in their subsequent investigations, deficient in revealing to the Warren Commission information available in 1964, and the Secret Service was called deficient in their protection of the President.
The HSCA's conspiracy finding unraveled rapidly, however. The sole acoustic evidence relied on by the committee to support its theory of a fourth gunshot (and a gunman on the grassy knoll) was a Dictabelt recording alleged to be from a stuck transmitter on a police motorcycle in Dealey Plaza during the assassination. After the committee finished its work, however, an amateur researcher listened to the recording and discovered faint crosstalk of transmissions from another police radio channel known to have been made a minute after the assassination. Further, the Dallas motorcycle policeman thought to be the source of the sounds followed the motorcade to the hospital at high speed, his siren blaring, immediately after the shots were fired. Yet the recording is of a mostly idling motorcycle, eventually determined to have been at JFK's destination, the Trade Mart, miles from Dealey Plaza.
On the King assassination, the Committee concluded in its report that he was killed by one rifle shot from James Earl Ray, that "there is a likelihood" that this was the result of a conspiracy, and that no U.S. government agency was part of this conspiracy.
In particular, the various investigations performed by the U.S. government were faulted for insufficient consideration of the possibility of a conspiracy in each case. The Committee in its report also made recommendations for legislative and administrative improvements, including making some assassinations Federal crimes.
See also Dictabelt evidence relating to the assassination of John F. Kennedy
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