The habanera is a musical style or genre from Cuba with a characteristic "Habanera rhythm"; it is one of the oldest mainstays of Cuban music and the first of the dances from Cuba to be exported all over the world. The Caribbean island of Cuba has been influential in the development of multiple musical styles in the 19th and 20th centuries. ... The batá is a double-headed drum shaped like an hourglass with one cone larger than the other. ... Binomial name Manihot esculenta Crantz The cassava or manioc (Manihot esculenta; also yuca in Spanish, mandioca, aipim, or macaxeira in Portuguese, and mandio in Guaraní) is a woody perennial shrub of the spurge family, that is extensively cultivated as an annual crop for its edible starchy tuberous root. ... For the dance, see Cha-cha-cha (dance). ... Changui is a style of Cuban music which originated in the early 19th century in the eastern region of Guant namo Province. ... A charanga is a Cuban orchestra composed of piano, strings, vocals, flute and Cuban musical style characterized by this kind of orchestration. ... Conga music is a style of Cuban music used to dance Conga. ... Danzón is the official music of Cuba, and derives from a European-influenced ballroom dance played by Cuban ensembles. ... Roberto Fazz. ... Punto Guajiro (also called Punto Cubano),with its Andalucian origins, has been evolving in Cuba since the 1700s, is the country music from the Western and Central provinces of Cuba. ... Cuban Guaracha Traditionally an early form of peasant street music with satirical lyric content somewhat in the Son rhythm style. ... Latin jazz is the general term given to music that combines rhythms from African and Latin American countries with jazz harmonies from the United States. ... Hip hop arrived in Cuba via radio and TV broadcasts from Miami. ... Mambo is a Cuban musical form and dance style. ... Nueva trova was a movement in Cuban music that emerged in the mid-1960s. ... Rock and roll in Cuba began in the late 1950s, with artists covering American songs translated into Spanish, as was occurring in Mexico at the same time. ... Rumba is both a family of music rhythms and a dance style that originated in Africa and traveled via the slave trade to Cuba and the New World. ... Salsa Dance is the name given in New York to Casino Dance, developed in Havana in the early 1960s. ... Son is a style of Cuban music which became popular in the second half of the 19th century in the eastern province of Oriente. ... Arsenio Rodríguez initially developed son montuno from son. ... Timba is the Cuban variant of salsa music, and is often understood to be a sub-category of salsa. ... This genealogy was created to give a broad overview of the development of Cuban music and its reciprocal influences with other countries. ... A music festival is a festival that presents a number of musical performances usually tied together through a theme or genre. ... A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that is formally recognized by a countrys government as their official national song. ... El Himno de Bayamo (The Bayamo Anthem) is the national anthem of Cuba. ... The music of the Caribbean is a diverse grouping of musical genres. ... The Lesser Antilles, an island chain composed of Martinique, Guadeloupe, Dominica and other countries and dependencies, is best-known internationally for the mid-1980s international craze zouk. ... The Caribbean island of Cuba has been influential in the development of multiple musical styles in the 19th and 20th centuries. ...

In the mid-19th century, the habanera developed out of the contradanza which had arrived from France via Haiti with refugees from the Haitian revolution in 1791. The earliest identified "contradanza habanera" is "La Pimienta", an anonymous song published in an 1836 collection. The main innovation from the contradanza was rhythmic, as the habanera incorporated Spanish and African influences into its repertoire. Contredanse (also contra-dance and other variant spellings) refers to several folk dance styles in which couples dance in two facing lines. ... The Haitian Revolution was the first and only successful slave rebellion in the Western Hemisphere and established Haiti as a free, black republic, the first of its kind. ...

It is believed that the habanera was brought back to Spain by sailors, where it became very popular for a while before the turn of the century. Spanish composer Sebastian Yradier was known especially for his habanera "La Paloma", which achieved great fame in Spain and America and was largely responsible for the habanera's success to come. The habanera was danced by all classes of society, and had its moment of glory in English and French "salons" (ballrooms). The habanera was so well established as a "Spanish" dance that Jules Massenet included one in the ballet music to his opera Le Cid (1885), to lend atmospheric color. Of French habaneras meant to give "Spanish" color, the "Habanera" from Bizet's Carmen (1875) is the definitive example to the average listener, though the piece is directly derived from one of Yradier's compositions (the habanera "El Arreglito"). Sebastián de Iradier y Salaverri (Salberri) (1809-1865), Spanish composer, also known as Sebastián Yradier. ... Jules (Émile Frédéric) Massenet (May 12, 1842 - August 13, 1912) was a French composer. ... The Habanera is an aria from the opera Carmen by Georges Bizet. ... Georges Bizet (October 25, 1838 – June 3, 1875), was a French composer of the romantic era best known for his opera Carmen. ... Poster from the 1875 premiere of Carmen Carmen is a French opera by Georges Bizet. ... Sebastián de Iradier y Salaverri (Salberri) (1809-1865), Spanish composer, also known as Sebastián Yradier. ...

Popular knowledge has it that the habanera married the tango flamenco and exiled itself in Argentina where it eventually became the tango. Tango music is traditionally played by an orquesta típica, which often includes violin, piano, guitar, flute, and especially bandoneon. ...

Back in Cuba the habanera developed into the danzón with the formation of charangas and the further inclusion of African elements. In the 1930s, habanera performer Arcaño y sus Maravillos incorporated influences from conga and added a montuno (as in son), paving the way for the mixing of Latin musical forms, including guaracha, also played by a charanga orchestra. Guaracha (sometimes simply called charanga) also drew from Haitian musical forms, has been extremely popular and continues to entertain audiences. Danzón is the official music of Cuba, and derives from a European-influenced ballroom dance played by Cuban ensembles. ... A charanga is a Cuban orchestra composed of piano, strings, vocals, flute and Cuban musical style characterized by this kind of orchestration. ...

In Catalonia the habaneras have become specially popular in the sailor zones. The habanera El meu avi (My grandfather) is known by nearly the entire population. Catalonia (in Spain and France) has one of the oldest documented musical traditions in Europe, and has had a rich musical culture continuously for at least two thousand years. ...

Sound File

"Yo cuando era niño - mi padre querido" - José Suarez

See also

• Contradanza

Contredanse (also contra-dance and other variant spellings) refers to several folk dance styles in which couples dance in two facing lines. ...

Reference

• Cuban Music Webite: "3-Habanera and danzón"