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Encyclopedia > Hadith Of The Cloak

The Hadith of The Cloak (Arabic: حديث الكساء Hadith-e-Kisa) refers to the Event of the Cloak or the Companions of the Cloak (ahl al-kisa). This is a very important hadith for Shia Muslims, along with few more ahadith and verses in the Qur'an, as the foundation for the Shia claim that governorship of the Muslim community should be only in the posterity of Muhammad as the base for claims that some descendants of Muhammad are infallible (ismah). Arabic can mean: From or related to Arabia From or related to the Arabs The Arabic language; see also Arabic grammar The Arabic alphabet, used for expressing the languages of Arabic, Persian, Malay ( Jawi), Kurdish, Panjabi, Pashto, Sindhi and Urdu, among others. ... The Event Of The Cloak (Arabic: ; transliterated: Hadiyth al-Kisa), is the event where the prophet [[Muhammad],PBUH, collected Hassan ibn Ali, Husayn ibn Ali, Ali and Fatimah in his cloak. ... Shiʻa Islam (Arabic شيعى follower; English has traditionally used Shiite) makes up the second largest sect of believers in Islam, constituting about 30%–35% of all Muslim. ... A Muslim is a believer in or follower of Islam. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Muhammad in a new genre of Islamic calligraphy started in the 17th century by Hafiz Osman. ... Ismah is the concept of infallibility in Islam. ...

Contents

The Incident of Mubahala

According to the Sunni hadith collections, it is narrated that during the 9th - 10th year after hijra an Arab Christian envoy from Najran (currently in northern Yemen and partly in Saudi Arabia) came to the Muhammad to argue which of the two parties erred in its doctrine concerning Jesus (Quran 3:61). Muhammad offered to do the Arabic tradition known as Mubahala, where each conflicting party should cover themselves, and together all parties ask God sincerely to destroy and inflict with curses on the lying party and their families. Muhammad, to prove to them that he is a prophet, brought his daughter Fatimah and his surviving grandchildren, Hasan and Hussein, and Ali ibn Abi Talib and came back to the Christians and said this is my family (Ahl) and covered himself and his family with a cloak.[1] This article is about Islamic Calendar and how it was formed, for the event of hijra see Migration to Medina. ... Najran is a province of Saudi Arabia, located in the south of the country along the border with Yemen. ... This article is about Jesus of Nazareth. ...


The Shia claim that this authentic hadith proves whom the Quran is referring to when it mentions the Ahlul-Bayt (Arabic: أهل البيت or Household), which includes only Ali, Fatimah, and their descendants.[2] Sunni dispute that this verse was about Muhammad's wives and their children and even their servants. Shiʻa Islam (Arabic شيعى follower; English has traditionally used Shiite) makes up the second largest sect of believers in Islam, constituting about 30%–35% of all Muslim. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... This is an Arabic phrase literally translated as People of the House, or family. ...


Shia View

The Shia celebrate this event as Eid-e Mubahala.[3] This hadith provides the background for the "purification verse" or ayah al-tatheer from surah Al-Ahzab in the Quran wherby Allah explicitly identified who are the Ahlul Bayt: See also: Sura (disambiguation). ... Surat Al-Ahzab (The Clans, The Coalition, The Combined Forces) is the 33rd sura of the Quran with 73 ayat. ...


"And abide quietly in your homes, and do not flaunt your charms as they used to flaunt them in the old days of pagan ignorance; and be constant in prayer, and render the purifying dues, and pay heed unto Allah and His Apostle: Allah wishes to remove all filth and impurity from you, O People of the House of the Prophet, and to render you utterly free of all pollution." (33:33)[4]


The tradition about this hadith goes from different sources to Fatimah, the daughter of Muhammad. She narrated that once her father visited her home, he had fever and was not feeling well, he asked for a Yemeni cloak which Fatimah brought to him and folded it around him. Later he was joined in that Yemeni cloak by his grandsons Hasan and Hussein, who were followed by their father Ali ibn Abi Talib, who was cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad. Finally Fatimah asked the permission to enter that cloak. When all five of them joined together under the cloak, Muhammad narrated the Quranic verse 33:33 to those under the cloak that all five of them are chosen ones, and he further stated that he wants from Allah to keep all impurities out of reach and away from all of us. Muhammad then prayed to Allah to declare all five of them as his Ahlul Bayt and keep away the Nijasat (impurities). Allah at that request immediately sent Gabriel to reveal to Muhammad that all the five under the cloak are dearest and closest to Allah and they are Taher (purest of the pure) without any traces of impurities.[5] For other persons of the same name, see Fatima (name). ... Hasan ibn Ali ibn Abu Talib (c. ... Hussein (also spelled Husayn and Husain) is a common Middle Eastern name especially among Shiite Muslims, because of the popularity of Hussein bin Ali, the grandson of Muhammad and the Shiites third Imam. ... Ali ibn Abu Talib (Arabic: علي بن أبي طالب translit: ‘Alī ibn Abu Ṭālib Persian: علی پسر ابو طالب) ‎ (599 – 661) is an early Islamic leader. ...


Political Application

The hadith of the cloak and the purification verse was utilized at various times by the Ahlul Bayt to assert their claims to political and spiritual leadership of the Muslim community. For example, at the gathering that was convened after the death of Umar in 644 to select a caliph, Ali made the following argument: "Is there any among us apart from myself concerning whom the "purification verse" was revealed?" When they answered "no" he proceeded:"The People of the House are overflowing with abundant virtue, for the Quran says, "Allah wishes to remove all filth and impurity from you O House of the Prophet, and to render you utterly free of pollution." (33:33) Allah has therefore removed from us all evil, outer and inner, and placed us firmly on the path of truth and righteousness.[6] For other uses, see Umar (disambiguation). ...


Sunni View

Many Sunni scholars remark that the "purification verse" was revealed concerning five people: Muhammad, Ali, Fatimah, Hasan and Hussein.[7] Others maintain that the "purification verse" cannot refer to the inerrancy of the Imams because the context in which it occurs relates to the wives of Muhammad and necessitates that it, too, should refer to them, or that at the very least they cannot be excluded from the category it addresses. If it were to imply inerrancy, then the wives of Muhammad would also have to be inerrant, a belief that neither Sunni nor Shia scholars hold.


Nevertheless, according to the Sunni historian al-Tabari, the term ahl al-bayt refers to ‘Ali, Fatima, Hasan, and Husayn. In reference to verse 33:33, L. Veccia Vaglieri, in her Encyclopedia of Islam article entitled "Fatima", writes:


"[…] the preceding verses contain instructions to the wives of Muhammed, and there the verbs and pronouns are in the feminine plural; but in this verse, addressed to the People of the House, the pronouns are in the masculine plural. Thus, it has been said, it is no longer a question of Muhammed’s wives, or of them alone…. The expression Ahl al-bayt can only mean “Family of the Prophet”."


Notes

  1. ^ Sahih Muslim, Chapter of virtues of companions, section of virtues of Ali, 1980 Edition Pub. in Saudi Arabia, Arabic version, v4, p1871, the end of tradition #32 and Sahih al-Tirmidhi, v5, p654
  2. ^ S.M.H Tabataba'i, al Mizan fi tafsir al-Quran, p. 311 Beirut 1973
  3. ^ found in the topic: List of Islamic and Muslim related topics
  4. ^ A portion of this Surah sums up the lessons of the Battle of the Trench and must have been revealed some time after that battle (Shauwal, five years after hijrah) The marriage with Zainab is referred to in verse 37 also took place in the same year
  5. ^ Sahih Muslim, Chapter of virtues of companions, section of the virtues of the Ahlul-Bayt of the Prophet (PBUH), 1980 Edition Pub. in Saudi Arabia, Arabic version, v4, p1883, Tradition #61
  6. ^ al-Bahrani, Ghayat al-Marum, p.295
  7. ^ Ibid, p. 126:al-Suyuti, al-Durr al-Manthur, Vol. V, p.199; Ahmad ibn Hanbal, al Musnad, Vol. I, p.331; Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, al-Tafsir al-Kabir, Vol. I, p.783; Ibn Hajar, al-Sawa'iq p.85

This is an alphabetical list of topics related to Islam, the history of Islam, Islamic culture, and the present-day Muslim world, intended to provide inspiration for the creation of new articles and categories. ... Sahih Muslim (Arabic: صحيح مسلم, ṣaḥīḥ muslim) is one of the Sunni Six Major Hadith collections , collected by Imam Muslim. ...

External links

Shia

Sunni


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