Hafizullah Amin (Pashto: حفيظ الله امين) (August 1, 1929 – December 27, 1979) was the second President of Afghanistan during the period of the communist Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... is the 257th day of the year (258th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1979 by Smashing Pumpkins. ... December 27 is the 361st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (362nd in leap years). ... Also: 1979 by Smashing Pumpkins. ... Nur Muhammad Taraki (July 15, 1913 – September 14, 1979) was an Afghan politician. ... Babrak Karmal (January 6, 1929 - December 3, 1996) was the third President of Afghanistan (1979 - 1986) during the period of the communist Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. ... is the 213th day of the year (214th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1929 (MCMXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Paghman is a town in the hills near Kabul, Afghanistan. ... December 27 is the 361st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (362nd in leap years). ... Also: 1979 by Smashing Pumpkins. ... For other places with the same name, see Kabul (disambiguation). ... The Peoples Democratic Party of Afghanistan (in Persian: حزب دموکراتيک خلق افغانستان, in Pashto: د افغانستان د خلق دموکراټیک ګوند, PDPA) was a Soviet-aligned Revisionist party that ruled Afghanistan from 1978 to 1991 with the help of 12000 Russian troops. ... Pashto (پښتو; also known as Afghan, Pushto, Pashto, Pashtoe, Pashtu, and Pukhto) is the language spoken by the ethnic Afghan otherwise known as the Pashtun people who inhabit Afghanistan and the Western provinces of Pakistan. ... is the 213th day of the year (214th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1929 (MCMXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... December 27 is the 361st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (362nd in leap years). ... Also: 1979 by Smashing Pumpkins. ... The Democratic Republic of Afghanistan was the communist governance in Afghanistan between 1978 and 1992. ...

Amin tried to broaden his internal base of support and to bring the interest of Pakistan and the United States in Afghan security. During the 104 days of his rule, except for one failed military rebellion, no major uprising took place.

On December 27, 1979, his political opponents of a rival faction killed him and Babrak Karmal became President. December 27 is the 361st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (362nd in leap years). ... Also: 1979 by Smashing Pumpkins. ... Babrak Karmal (January 6, 1929 - December 3, 1996) was the third President of Afghanistan (1979 - 1986) during the period of the communist Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. ...

Early years

He quickly joined the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA), becoming a prominent member of the Marxist Khalq (People) faction. The Peoples Democratic Party of Afghanistan (in Persian: حزب دموکراتيک خلق افغانستان, in Pashto: د افغانستان د خلق دموکراټیک ګوند, PDPA) was a Soviet-aligned Revisionist party that ruled Afghanistan from 1978 to 1991 with the help of 12000 Russian troops. ...

President Mohammed Daoud Khan in 1978 was still in the besieged palace when Amin took command of the coup, after he and his comrades were released from the prison. This article or section cites very few or no references or sources. ...

The PDPA seized power after Daoud's death, with Nur Mohammad Taraki becoming President of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan and secretary general of the PDPA, while Amin and Babrak Karmal became deputy prime ministers. An attempt to institute Marxist-Leninist reforms provoked widespread resistance and a number of violent revolts. Nur Muhammad Taraki (1913? - 1979) was an Afghan political figure amateur poet, and publicly-notorious revolutionary. ... The Democratic Republic of Afghanistan was the communist governance in Afghanistan between 1978 and 1992. ... Babrak Karmal (January 6, 1929 - December 3, 1996) was the third President of Afghanistan (1979 - 1986) during the period of the communist Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. ... A Deputy Prime Minister is a member of a nations cabinet who can take the position of acting Prime Minister when the real Prime Minister is temporarily absent. ...

In February 1979 the U.S. Ambassador Adolph Dubs was killed. The Khalq faction was gaining political power over the Parcham faction, with Karmal exiled to Europe. Amin had gained considerable control by March 1979 and was named Prime Minister although Taraki retained his other posts. The unrest continued however and the regime was forced to seek more Soviet aid. It was in that meeting between Taraki and Leonid Breznev that the decision to remove Amin took place. Motto: (Out Of Many, One) (traditional) In God We Trust (1956 to date) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington D.C. Largest city New York City None at federal level (English de facto) Government Federal constitutional republic  - President George Walker Bush (R)  - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence from... Adolph Dubs ( August 4, 1920 - February 14, 1979) was the U.S. ambassador to Afghanistan from 1978 to 1979. ... A prime minister is the most senior minister of cabinet in the executive branch of government in a parliamentary system. ... CCCP redirects here. ... Leonid Brezhnev Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev (Russian: Леонид Ильич Брежнев) (December 19, 1906 - November 10, 1982) was effective ruler of the Soviet Union from 1964 to 1982, though at first in partnership with others. ...

Assassination of Taraki

After Taraki returned to Kabul he requested that Amin meet with him. Amin agreed to the meeting only if his safety was guaranteed by the Soviet Ambassador, Alexander Puzanov. Such assurances were provided, but not in good faith. Soviet redirects here. ...

Amin however knew Taraki's intentions, and the demand for the ambassador to guarantee his safety was probably a shrewd ploy on the part of Amin to mislead Taraki.

When Amin arrived at the People's Palace, a shootout occurred. Amin escaped unhurt, returned later to the palace with some of his supporters and used the Palace Guard to take Taraki prisoner.

On September 14, 1979 Amin took control of the government. A few days later, Amin's government announced that Taraki died of an "undisclosed illness". is the 257th day of the year (258th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1979 by Smashing Pumpkins. ...

President of the Republic ( September 1979 – December 1979 )

His rule was notable for its brutality. The Soviets admitted that perhaps 500 PDPA members had forfeited their lives. Amin now assumed leadership and carried out his own purges of the PDPA. Attempting to pacify the population, he released a list of some 18,000 people who had been executed and blamed the executions on Taraki. The official Afghan figures are much higher-15,000 to 45,000.

Additional to that, Amin was not a popular person. He was rapidly accumulating as enemies a large group of very angry relatives of victims, and PDPA members must have lived in fear of their lives.

During this period, many Afghans fled to Iran and Pakistan and began organizing a resistance movement to the "atheistic" and "infidel" communist regime backed by the Soviets. Although the groups organizing in the Pakistani city of Peshawar would later, after the Soviet invasion, be described by the western press as "freedom fighters". For information about the band, see Atheist (band). ...   (Urdu: پشاور; Pashto: پښور) literally means City on the Frontier in Persian and is known as Pekhawar in Pashto. ...

In mid-November 1979 Amin launched a large military operation against the resistance at Sayd Karam in Paktia Province. The offensive was successful, eliminating as many as 1,000 or more resistance fighters, relatives, and supporters, driving most of the remainder into Pakistan, and obliterating sympathetic villages. Paktia province is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan. ...

Amin also began unfinished attempts to moderate what many Afghans viewed as an Anti-Islam regime. Promising more religious freedom, repairing mosques, presenting copies of the Quran to religious groups, invoking the name of Allah in his speeches, and declaring that the Saur Revolution was "totally based on the principles of Islam." Yet many Afghans held Amin responsible for the regime's harshest measures and the Soviets, worried that their huge investment in Afghanistan might be jeopardized, increased the number of advisers in Afghanistan. A mosque is a place of worship for followers of the Islamic faith. ... The Quran (Arabic al-qurʾān أَلْقُرآن; also transliterated as Quran, Koran, and less commonly Alcoran) is the holy book of Islam. ... Allah is the Arabic language word for God. ... Soviet redirects here. ...

Amin worked to broaden his base of support and purged the PDPA of his perceived enemies. His regime was still under pressure from the insurgency in the country and he tried to gain Pakistani or American support and refused to take Soviet advice.

Because of or in spite of this, Amin attempted to solidify his hold on the country militarily. This display of independent nationalism was not tolerated by Moscow, and in December 1979, the Soviets began their invasion of Afghanistan. For other uses, see Moscow (disambiguation). ...

Soviet invasion

Islamic guerrillas in the mountainous countryside harassed the Afghan army to the point where the government of President Hafizullah Amin turned to the Soviet Union for increasingly large amounts of aid. Islam (Arabic: ; ( ▶ (help· info)), the submission to God) is a monotheistic faith, one of the Abrahamic religions and the worlds second-largest religion. ... “Guerrilla” redirects here. ...

The Soviets decided to increase military aid to Afghanistan in order to maintain the Communist government, but they were dissatisfied with Amin as a leader capable of accomplishing this goal. Soviet leaders, based on information from the KGB, believed that Amin destabilized the situation in Afghanistan. This article is about communism as a form of society and as a political movement. ... This article is about the KGB of the Soviet Union. ...

The last arguments to overthrow Amin were obtained by the KGB from its agents in Kabul. It was reported that two of Amin's guards killed the former president Nur Muhammad Taraki and that Amin was in secret meetings with a CIA agent. There were, however, some sceptics among the Soviet advisers in Afghanistan, chiefly General Vasily Zaplatin, a political adviser at that time, who claimed that four of Taraki's young ministers were responsible for the destabilization. This article is about the KGB of the Soviet Union. ... Nur Muhammad Taraki (July 15, 1913 – September 14, 1979) was an Afghan politician. ... The CIA Seal The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is an American intelligence agency, responsible for obtaining and analyzing information about foreign governments, corporations, and individuals, and reporting such information to the various branches of the U.S. Government. ...

Amin feared the Soviet troops would be used to depose him. Fearing for his survival and uncertain of whom he could trust, he started putting his relatives into positions of power. Amin put one of his nephews in charge of the secret police, but that nephew was assassinated. Being concerned for his own safety, Amin then moved his headquarters out of Kabul . Soviet redirects here. ... For other places with the same name, see Kabul (disambiguation). ...

Assassination

An attempted poisoning of Amin was undertaken on December 13, 1979. Department 8 of the KGB succeeded in infiltrating the illegal agent Mitalin Talybov (codenamed SABIR) as a chef of Amin's presidential palace. However, Amin switched his food and drink as if he expected to be poisoned, so his son-in-law became seriously ill, and ironically, was flown to a hospital in Moscow.^[1] is the 347th day of the year (348th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1979 by Smashing Pumpkins. ... This article is about the KGB of the Soviet Union. ...

On December 22, the Soviet advisers to the Afghani Armed Forces advised them to undergo maintenance cycles for tanks and other crucial equipment. Meanwhile, telecommunications links to areas outside of Kabul were severed, isolating the capital. Seeing this, Amin moved the presidential offices to the Tajbeg Palace, believing this location to be more defendable against an invasion. is the 356th day of the year (357th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Telecommunication involves the transmission of signals over a distance for the purpose of communication. ... Tajbeg Palace, 1987. ...

Five days later, on December 27, elements of the KGB OSNAZ (Alpha Group), wearing Afghan uniforms, stormed the Presidential Palace, killing President Hafizullah Amin and his 200 elite guards in the process. December 27 is the 361st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (362nd in leap years). ... This article is about the KGB of the Soviet Union. ... OSNAZ (Russian: [voiska] osobogo naznacheniya, ОСНАЗ = [войска] особого назначения, special purpose [detachments]) or ChON (Russian: chasti osobogo naznacheniya, ЧОН= Части особого назначения were special forces troops within the KGB (its predecessors and its successor, Federal Security Service) and the MVD. OSNAZ has always been shrouded in a veil of mystery and remains so even to this day. ... A member of the FSB Alpha Group, equipped with the silenced AS VAL assault rifle. ... For other uses, see Elite (disambiguation). ...

The Soviet Spetsnaz blew up Kabul's communications hub, paralyzing the Afghani military command at 7:00 P.M. By 7:15, they had seized the Ministry of Interior. The Soviet military command at Termez did not wait until Amin's capture to announce on Radio Kabul (in a broadcast prerecorded by Babrak Karmal) that Afghanistan had been liberated from Amin's rule. Russian special forces training For the Swedish EBM band, see Spetsnaz (band). ... The Interior Minister is a member of a Cabinet in a Government. ... Termez (Termiz in Uzbek; Termes in German) is a city in southern Uzbekistan near the border with Afghanistan. ... Babrak Karmal (January 6, 1929 - December 3, 1996) was the third President of Afghanistan (1979 - 1986) during the period of the communist Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. ...

According to the Soviet Politburo, they were only complying with the 1978 Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Good Neighborliness that former President Taraki signed. The execution of Hafizullah Amin was, according to the Soviets, the action of the Afghan Revolutionary Central Committee. That committee then elected Babrak Karmal, who was in exile in Moscow, as head of government. Soviet redirects here. ... Politburo is short for Political Bureau. ... Babrak Karmal (January 6, 1929 - December 3, 1996) was the third President of Afghanistan (1979 - 1986) during the period of the communist Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. ... For other uses, see Moscow (disambiguation). ...

Accusations of being a CIA agent

The Soviet government and press repeatedly referred to Amin as a "CIA agent", a charge which was greeted with great skepticism in the United States and elsewhere. One argument against that belief, was that he always and everywhere showed official friendliness to the Soviet Union. After the assassination of Amin and two of his sons, his wife claimed that she and her remaining sons only wanted to go to the Soviet Union, because her husband was loyal to them until the end. She did eventually go to the Soviet Union to live. The CIA Seal The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is an American intelligence agency, responsible for obtaining and analyzing information about foreign governments, corporations, and individuals, and reporting such information to the various branches of the U.S. Government. ...

References

This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Christopher Maurice Andrew (born 23 July 1941) is a British historian and professor with a special interest in international relations and in particular the history of intelligence services. ... The KGB sword and shield emblem appears on the covers of the three published works by Mitrokhin, co-author Christopher Andrew. ...

Further reading

• Red Flag Over Afghanistan: The Communist Coup, the Soviet Invasion, and the Consequences - Thomas T. Hammond - ISBN 0-86531-444-6

External links

• Soviet Documentation gathered before the Soviet Invasion

v • d • e Heads of State of Afghanistan since 1919

Emirate of Afghanistan: Amanullah Khan | Inayatullah Khan | Habibullah Ghazi Kingdom of Afghanistan: Mohammed Nadir Shah | Mohammed Zahir Shah Mohammad Aslam Watanjar was an Afghan General and Politician. ... The Afghan Defense Ministry is an organ of the Government of Afghanistan, overseeing the Afghan National Army. ... December 27 is the 361st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (362nd in leap years). ... Also: 1979 by Smashing Pumpkins. ... General Mohammed Rafie, was a member of the Politburo and Deputy Prime Minister (former Defence Minister). ... Nur Muhammad Taraki (July 15, 1913 – September 14, 1979) was an Afghan politician. ... The Peoples Democratic Party of Afghanistan (in Persian: حزب دموکراتيک خلق افغانستان, in Pashto: د افغانستان د خلق دموکراټیک ګوند, PDPA) was a Soviet-aligned Revisionist party that ruled Afghanistan from 1978 to 1991 with the help of 12000 Russian troops. ... is the 257th day of the year (258th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1979 by Smashing Pumpkins. ... December 27 is the 361st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (362nd in leap years). ... Also: 1979 by Smashing Pumpkins. ... Babrak Karmal (January 6, 1929 - December 3, 1996) was the third President of Afghanistan (1979 - 1986) during the period of the communist Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. ... Nur Muhammad Taraki (July 15, 1913 – September 14, 1979) was an Afghan politician. ... is the 257th day of the year (258th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1979 by Smashing Pumpkins. ... December 27 is the 361st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (362nd in leap years). ... Also: 1979 by Smashing Pumpkins. ... Babrak Karmal (January 6, 1929 - December 3, 1996) was the third President of Afghanistan (1979 - 1986) during the period of the communist Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. ... Image File history File links Afghanistan_flag_1919. ... King Amanullah Khan Ghazi Amir Amanullah Khan (June 1, 1892 - April 25, 1960) was the ruler of Afghanistan from 1919 to 1929. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Amir Habibullah Ghazi (name transliterated in many other ways, born Habibullah) (c. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1615x1062, 108 KB) Summary Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Iran national football team Flag of Afghanistan Luxembourg national football team Afghanistan national football team Afghanistan... Anthem SurÅ«d-i MillÄ« Capital (and largest city) Kabul Official languages Pashto, Persian (DarÄ«)1 Government Islamic Republic  -  President Hamid Karzai  -  Vice President Ahmad Zia Massoud  -  Vice President Karim Khalili Independence from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland   -  Declared August 8, 1919   -  Recognized August 19 1919  Area... Mohammed Nadir Shah (born Mohammed Nadir Khan; 1883 - November 8, 1933) was king of Afghanistan from 1929 until his assassination in 1933 (see Reigns of Nadir Shah and Zahir Shah). ... Insert non-formatted text here Mohammed Zahir Shah (16 October 1914 – 23 July 2007) was the last King (Shah) of Afghanistan, reigning for four decades, from 1933 to 1973. ... Daoud's Republic of Afghanistan: Mohammed Daoud Khan Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1554x1044, 97 KB) This image (or all images in this article or category) was uploaded in the JPEG format. ... Daouds Republic (July 17, 1973 - April 28, 1978) welcome Mohammed Daoud Khan received on returning to power on July 17, 1973 reflected the citizenrys disappointment with the lackluster politics of the preceding decade. ... This article or section cites very few or no references or sources. ... Democratic Republic of Afghanistan: Nur Muhammad Taraki | Hafizullah Amin | Babrak Karmal | Haji Mohammad Chamkani | Mohammad Najibullah Image File history File links AfghanFlag1980. ... The Democratic Republic of Afghanistan was the communist governance in Afghanistan between 1978 and 1992. ... Nur Muhammad Taraki (July 15, 1913 – September 14, 1979) was an Afghan politician. ... Babrak Karmal (January 6, 1929 - December 3, 1996) was the third President of Afghanistan (1979 - 1986) during the period of the communist Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Dr. Mohammad Najibullah (Pashto/Persian: ‎ ; born 1947, died September 27, 1996) was the fourth and last President of the communist Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. ... Islamic Republic of Afghanistan: Sibghatullah Mojaddedi | Burhanuddin Rabbani Image File history File links Flag_of_Afghanistan_1992_free. ... Afghanistan (Pashtu/Dari-Persian: Afğānistān افغانستان) is a country in Central Asia. ... Sibghatullah Al-Mojaddedi (born 1926). ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan: Mohammed Omar Image File history File links Flag_of_Taliban. ... Flag of the Islamic Emirate Afghanistan (1997-2001). ... Mullah Mohammed Omar (Pashto: ملا محمد عمر) (born c. ... Islamic Republic of Afghanistan: Burhanuddin Rabbani | Hamid Karzai