NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Hafrada (Separation)

Hafrada (Hebrew: הפרדה) is the English transliteration of the Hebrew word for separation.^[1] ^[2] â€œHebrewâ€ redirects here. ...

In Israel, the term is used to refer to concept of separation,^[3] and to the general policy or paradigm of separation the Israeli government has adopted and implemented vis-a-vis the Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza Strip.^[4] ^[5] ^[6]^[7] ^[8] ^[9] ^[5] ^[10]^[11] Palestinians are people with family origins mainly in Palestine. ...

The Israeli West Bank barrier, (in Hebrew, Geder Ha'hafrada or "separation fence")^[4] the associated controls on the movement of Palestinians posed by West Bank Closures; ^[6]^[4]^[12]^[13] and Israel's unilateral disengagement from Gaza have been cited as examples of hafrada. ^[14]^[4]^[13]^[15] The barrier route as of May 2005. ... The West Bank closure system comprises a series of obstacles including checkpoints, partial checkpoints, agricultural and road gates, observation towers, earthmounds, roadblocks, tunnels, earth walls, road barriers, trenches and permit restrictions placed by the the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). ... Israels unilateral disengagement plan (termed in Hebrew: ×ª×•×›× ×™×ª ×”×”×ª× ×ª×§×•×ª Tokhnit HaHitnatkut or ×ª×›× ×™×ª ×”×”×™× ×ª×§×•×ª Tokhnit HaHinatkut in the Disengagement Plan Implementation Law), also known as the disengagement plan, Gaza Pull-Out plan, and Hitnatkut) was a proposal by Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon, adopted by the government and enacted in August 2005, to... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

Other names for hafrada when discussed in English include unilateral separation^[4] ^[16] or unilateral disengagement.^[17] ^[8]^[18]^[6]^[19] ^[20]

Since its first public introductions, the concept-turned-policy or paradigm has dominated Israeli political and cultural discourse and debate. ^[4]^[1] ^[3]

Origins

The adoption by the Israeli government of a policy of separation is generally credited to the ideas and analysis of Daniel Schueftan as expressed in his 1999 book, Korah Ha'hafrada: Yisrael Ve Harashut Ha'falestinit or "Disengagement: Israel and the Palestinian Entity".^[21]^[12]^[4] An alternate translation for the title in English reads, "The Need for Separation: Israel and the Palestinian Authority."^[22] 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ... The West Bank The Palestinian National Authority (PNA or PA) is a semi-autonomous state institution nominally governing the bulk of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip (which it calls the Palestinian Territories). It was established as a part of Oslo accords between the PLO and Israel. ...

In it, Schueftan reviewed new and existing arguments underlying different separation stances, in order to make the case for separation from the Palestinians, beginning with those in the West Bank and Gaza. Schueftan favoured the "hard separation" stances of politicians like Yitzhak Rabin and Ehud Barak, while characterizing the stance of politicans like Shimon Peres, as "soft separation".^[12] Palestinians are people with family origins mainly in Palestine. ... Articles with similar titles include the Spanish name Garza. ... For other people named Rabin, see Rabin (disambiguation). ... Ehud Barak (Hebrew: ×Öµ×”×•Ö¼×“ ×‘Ö¸Ö¼×¨Ö¸×§) (born Ehud Brog on February 12, 1942, in Mishmar HaSharon kibbutz,[1] then British Mandate of Palestine) is an Israeli politician and was the 10th Prime Minister of Israel from 1999 to 2001. ... (Hebrew: ), born Szymon Perske on August 2, 1923 in Poland is an Israeli politician who has been active in Israeli politics for over 50 years. ...

Yitzhak Rabin was the first to propose the creation of a physical barrier between the Israeli and Palestinian populations in 1992, and by 1994, construction on the first barrier - the Israeli Gaza Strip barrier - had begun. Following an attack on Bet Lid, near the city of Netanya, Rabin specified the goals behind the undertaking, stating that, "This path must lead to a separation, though not according to the borders prior to 1967. We want to reach a separation between us and them. We do not want a majority of the Jewish residents of the state of Israel, 98% of whom live within the borders of sovereign Israel, including a united Jerusalem, to be subject to terrorism." ^[23] Gaza Strip Barrier near the Karni Crossing The Israeli Gaza Strip barrier is a separation barrier along the armistice line of the 1948 Arab-Israeli War between the Gaza Strip and Israel. ... For other people named Rabin, see Rabin (disambiguation). ... 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ... Gaza Strip Barrier near the Karni Crossing The Israeli Gaza Strip barrier is a separation barrier along the armistice line of the 1948 Arab-Israeli War between the Gaza Strip and Israel. ... Early morning in Netanya, Israel Netanya (Hebrew: × Ö°×ªÖ·× Ö°×™Ö¸×”, Standard Hebrew NÉ™tanya) is a city in the Center District of Israel and is the capital of the Sharon plain. ...

Ehud Barak, however, was the first Israeli politician to campaign successfully on a platform based explicitly on separation, under the slogan "Us here. Them there."^[6] ^[23] Ehud Barak (Hebrew: ×Öµ×”×•Ö¼×“ ×‘Ö¸Ö¼×¨Ö¸×§) (born Ehud Brog on February 12, 1942, in Mishmar HaSharon kibbutz,[1] then British Mandate of Palestine) is an Israeli politician and was the 10th Prime Minister of Israel from 1999 to 2001. ...

In the U.S.-based journal Policy Review, Eric Rozenman wrote: Policy Review is one of Americas leading conservative journals. ...

After assuming office in 1999, Barak moved to "stimulate cabinet discussion of separation" by distributing copies of Haifa University Professor Dan Schueftan’s manifesto, Disengagement, to his ministers."^[4] The separation policy was adopted by Israel's National Security Council, where Schueftan has also served as an advisor.^[12] According to Gershon Baskin and Sharon Rosenberg, Schueftan's book appears to be "the working manual for the IDF and wide Israeli political circles" for the implementation and "unilateral construction of walls and fences."^[12] 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... The Israeli National Security Council (Hebrew: ×”×ž×•×¢×¦×” ×œ×‘×™×˜×—×•×Ÿ ×œ××•×ž×™) is a council established by the Prime Ministers Office in 1999 during the prime ministership of Binyamin Netanyahu in the framework of drawing lessons from the Yom Kipur War. ... The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) (Hebrew: צבא ההגנה לישראל Tsva Ha-Haganah Le-Yisrael ([Army] Force [for] the Defense of Israel), often abbreviated צהל Tsahal, alternative English spelling Tzahal, is the name of Israels armed forces...

In October 2000, Ha’aretz journalist Gideon Levy argued in the Courrier International that public support by an overwhelming majority for "hafrada" was an outgrowth of the average Israeli's inability to acknowledge Palestinian grievances - which he contrasted with Israel's encouragement of study and acknowledgement of the impact of the Holocaust on Jewish motivations. ^[1] October 2000 : January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December Events October 1 - 2 - Nine Israeli-Arabs are killed by Israeli security forces after a riot/violent demonstration of solidarity with Palestinians under military rule in the West Bank and Gaza. ... (Hebrew: , The Land) is an Israeli newspaper, founded in 1919. ... Gideon Levy is an Israeli journalist for Haaretz, a member of its editorial board and former spokesman for Shimon Peres [1] A recurring theme of his articles is what he calls the moral blindness of the Israeli society to the effects of its acts of war and occupation, an... Courrier International is a French-based weekly newspaper. ... ...

In February 2001, Meir Indor, Lieutenant Colonel in the Israeli army explained how "hafrada (separation) – they are there and we are here" had become the "new ideology" and "new word for those who fantastize about peace." ^[24] Indor was highly critical of Sharon’s proposed peace agreement put forward during his campaigning for the 2001 elections in which Sharon claimed he would provide "peace and security" by making "a hafrada the length and breadth of the land." ^[24] Indor stated that in his opinion, "If it were possible to make a hafrada, it would have been done a long time ago." Indor also noted that, "Binyamin Ben Eliezer himself said hafrada is impossible to implement." ^[24] The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) (Hebrew: צבא ההגנה לישראל Tsva Ha-Haganah Le-Yisrael ([Army] Force [for] the Defense of Israel), often abbreviated צהל Tsahal, alternative English spelling Tzahal, is the name of Israels armed forces... 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Brigadier-General (Res. ...

At a lecture he delivered at an International Seminar and Conference on the Balkans and the Middle East in March 2001, Yossi Schwartz criticized those who supported hafrada and singled out Peace Now for being, "a Zionist movement that upholds the existence of the Jewish state and gives its support to the racist solution of partition (the Hebrew word hafrada can also be translated as 'separation' and in practical terms means Apartheid)." ^[25] This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... A map showing countries commonly considered to be part of the Middle East The Middle East is a region comprising the lands around the southern and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Sea, a territory that extends from the eastern Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. ... March is the third month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of seven Gregorian months with the length of 31 days. ... 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Peace Now (Hebrew: ×©×œ×•× ×¢×›×©×™×• - Shalom Achshav) is an extra-parliamental political movement in Israel, with the agenda of swaying popular opinion and convincing the Israeli government of the need and possibility for achieving a just peace and an historic conciliation with the Palestinian people and neighboring Arab countries; this in exchange... A bilingual poster in Romanian and Hungarian promoting a film about Jewish settlement in Palestine, 1930s. ... A segregated beach in South Africa, 1982. ...

In 2002, Rochelle Furstenberg of Hadassah Magazine reported that the term "unilateral disengagement" or "Hafrada Had Tzdadit" had been unknown to the public eight months previous, but that the notion had gained momentum. ^[17] For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ...

That same year, a television broadcast of The McLaughlin Group on the subject of Israel’s separation policy opened with the words: "Jews call it hafrada, "separation," in Hebrew. Critics call it apartheid. The more technical neo-nomenclature is, quote, unquote, "unilateral disengagement." It's an idea that has gained ground in Israel."^[8] The McLaughlin Group is a long-running weekly public affairs television program in the United States, where a group of five commentators discuss current political issues. ...

Construction on the Israeli West Bank barrier or "separation fence" began in 2002. Forming "a central pillar" of Ariel Sharon's "unilateral separation plan" or what is known today as Israel's unilateral disengagement plan, ^[16] it was put before the Israeli public in mid-December 2003. ^[26] The barrier route as of May 2005. ... For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ... Israels unilateral disengagement plan (termed in Hebrew: ×ª×•×›× ×™×ª ×”×”×ª× ×ª×§×•×ª Tokhnit HaHitnatkut or ×ª×›× ×™×ª ×”×”×™× ×ª×§×•×ª Tokhnit HaHinatkut in the Disengagement Plan Implementation Law), also known as the disengagement plan, Gaza Pull-Out plan, and Hitnatkut) was a proposal by Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon, adopted by the government and enacted in August 2005, to...

The barrier has been described by Daniel Schueftan as constituting, "the physical part of the strategy," of unilateral separation. Schueftan has explained that: "It makes the strategy possible because you cannot say 'this is what I will incorporate and this is what I will exclude' without having a physical barrier that prevents movement between the two." ^[26]

Sharon had originally dubbed his unilateral disengagement plan - in Hebrew, Tokhnit HaHitnatkut, or Tokhnit HaHinatkut - the "separation plan" or Tokhnit HaHafrada before realizing that, "separation sounded bad, particularly in English, because it evoked apartheid." ^[19] Formally adopted by the Israeli government and enacted in August 2005, the unilateral disengagement plan resulted in the dismantlement of all settlements in the Gaza Strip and four in the northern West Bank. Israels unilateral disengagement plan (termed in Hebrew: ×ª×•×›× ×™×ª ×”×”×ª× ×ª×§×•×ª Tokhnit HaHitnatkut or ×ª×›× ×™×ª ×”×”×™× ×ª×§×•×ª Tokhnit HaHinatkut in the Disengagement Plan Implementation Law), also known as the disengagement plan, Gaza Pull-Out plan, and Hitnatkut) was a proposal by Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon, adopted by the government and enacted in August 2005, to... Unilateralism is an antonym for multilateralism. ... â€œHebrewâ€ redirects here. ... For other uses, see August (disambiguation). ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Israeli settlement. ...

Daniel Schueftan has characterized Sharon's unilateral disengagement plan as only the first step in a "wider historical process." ^[22]

Telling The Jerusalem Report in 2005 that he could "even pin the dates on it," he suggested that in 2007 or 2008, there would be another major disengagement in the West Bank; and that before 2015, Israel would unilaterally repartition Jerusalem along lines of its own choosing. Schueftan argued that the "underlying feature" of disengagement is not that it will bring peace, but rather that it will prevent "perpetual terror". ^[22] The Jerusalem Report is a biweekly newsmagazine that covers political and social issues in Israel, the Middle East and the Jewish world, from a centrist viewpoint. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... 2008 (MMVIII) will be a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 2015 (MMXV) will be a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Jerusalem (disambiguation). ...

Implementation of hafrada has continued under the government of Prime Minister Ehud Olmert. ^[9] ^[14]^[27]^[16] Ehud Olmert (IPA ; Hebrew:××”×•×“ ××•×œ×ž×¨×˜; born September 30, 1945) is the 12th and current Prime Minister of Israel. ...

Additional examples of the term's usage in languages other than Hebrew

By Israelis

The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (האוניברסיטה העברית בירושלים) is one of Israels biggest and most important institutes of higher learning and research. ... For other uses, see Jerusalem (disambiguation). ... Le Monde diplomatique (nicknamed Le Diplo by its French readers) is a monthly publication offering analysis and opinion on politics, culture, and current affairs. ... May is the fifth month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of seven Gregorian months with the length of 31 days. ... 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year for the Eradication of Poverty. ... June is the sixth month of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with a length of 30 days. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Haaretz (הארץ, The Land) is an Israeli newspaper, founded in 1919. ... Caesarea is the name of several Roman cities and towns, including: Caesarea Antiochia, properly Antioch in Pisidia, near modern YalvaÃ§, Turkey Caesarea Mazaca in Cappadocia, modern Kayseri, Turkey Caesarea Palaestina: modern Caesarea, in Israel Caesarea Philippi in the Golan Heights Iol Caesarea: modern Cherchell, in Algeria Caesarea Magna or Caesara... Jisr az-Zarqa (Arabic: â€Ž, Hebrew: lit. ... Downtown area of Lod Lod (Hebrew ×œ×•Ö¹×“; Arabic Ø§ÙŽÙ„Ù’Ù„ÙØ¯Ù‘Ù’ al-Ludd, Greco-Latin Lydda, Tiberian Hebrew ×œÖ¹×“ LÅá¸) is a city in the Center District of Israel in Israel. ... For other uses, see Jerusalem (disambiguation). ... The Israeli Committee Against House Demolitions (ICAHD) describes itself as a non-violent, direct-action group originally established to oppose and resist Israeli demolition of Palestinian houses in the Occupied Territories. ... The Israeli Committee Against House Demolitions (ICAHD) is a non-violent, direct-action group originally established to oppose and resist Israeli demolition of Palestinian houses in the Occupied Territories. ...

By Palestinians

2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... The Palestinian Christians are Palestinians who follow Christianity. ... The word ecumenical comes from a Greek word that means pertaining to the whole world. ... Liberation theology is a school of theology that focuses on Jesus Christ as not only the Redeemer but also the Liberator of the Oppressed. ... The Sabeel Ecumenical Liberation Theology Center in Jerusalemwas founded by Palestinian Christian. ... A segregated beach in South Africa, 1982. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... This article needs to be updated to deal with the Israeli withdrawal from Gaza. ... YALE (Yet Another Learning Environment) is an environment for machine learning experiments and data mining. ... Binational solution is a term most often used in reference to a proposed resolution of the long-running Israeli-Palestinian conflict. ... The Cable News Network, commonly known as CNN, is a major cable television network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner. ...

By activists & advocacy organizations

The barrier route as of May 2005. ... Rear Admiral James Bowen (1751-1835) was master of the HMS Queen Charlotte, the flagship of Richard, Earl Howe at the Glorious First of June, 1794, when she engaged the French flagship Montagne of Villaret-Joyeuse and the Jacobin. ... (Hebrew: , The Land) is an Israeli newspaper, founded in 1919. ... May 30 is the 150th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (151st in leap years). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... Honest Reporting (also HonestReporting or honestreporting. ... Herald is a common name for newspapers throughout the English-speaking world, and the Sunday editions are often called Sunday Herald. ...

By journalists

May 26 is the 146th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (147th in leap years). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... Herald is a common name for newspapers throughout the English-speaking world, and the Sunday editions are often called Sunday Herald. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ...

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Gideon Levy (4 November 2000). Republished as an excerpt of the original 28 October 2000 article in the Courrier International, under the title Au fil des jours, Périphéries explore quelques pistes - chroniques, critiques, citations, liens pointus : Israël-Palestine, revue de presse. Périphéries.
^ According to the Milon and Masada dictionaries, hafrada translates into English as "separation", "segregation", "division", "severance", "disassociation" or "divorce". Milon: English Hebrew DictionaryAlcalai, Reuben (1981). The Complete Hebrew-English Dictionary. Masada.
^ ^a ^b ^c Esther Zandberg (28 July 2005). Surroundings: Separation Seems to Have Spread Everywhere. Ha'aretz. Retrieved on 03.20.2007.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Eric Rozenman (April & May 2001). Today's Arab Israelis, Tomorrow's Israel: Why "Separation" Can’t Be the Answer for Peace in Policy Review. Hoover Institution. Retrieved on 2007-03-17.
^ ^a ^b ^c Jeff Halper, Israeli Committee Against House Demolitions (ICAHD). Nishul (Displacement): Israel’s form of Apartheid. Retrieved on 2007-03-17.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Alain Epp Weaver (1 January 2007). Further footnotes on Zionism, Yoder, and Boyarin. Cross Currents. Retrieved on 03.18.2007.
^ Mazin B. Qumsiyeh (28 June 2006). Discussion on: Searching for Peace in the Palestinian-Israeli Conflict. Institute of Strategic and Development Studies, Andreas Papandreou, University of Athens.
^ ^a ^b ^c Transcript from broadcast of The McLaughlin Group. The McLaughlin Group (Taped 24 May 2002 & broadcast 1 to 2 June 2002). Retrieved on 03.22.2007.
^ ^a ^b Ben Shani (19 January 2007). "The Result of the Hafrada Policy is Quiet in Hebron, But All Await the Storm" (Hebrew). Nana.co.il Magazine (original from Channel 10 News).
^ Fred Schlomka (28 May 2006). Toward a Third Intifada. Common Dreams (originally published in The Baltimore Sun).
^ ^a ^b James Bowen (28 September 2006). Making Israel Take Responsibility. Retrieved on 03.22.2007.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Gershon Baskin & Sharon Rosenberg (June 2003). The New Walls and Fences:Consequences for Israel and Palestine. Centre for European Policy Studies.
^ ^a ^b Neil Sandler (11 March 2002). Israel: A Saudi Peace Proposal Puts Sharon in a Bind. Business Week Online.
^ ^a ^b
^ Tanya Reinhart. Israeli policy in Gaza: Sharon's Disengagement. Center for Research on Globalization.
^ ^a ^b ^c Jonathan Cook (May 11, 2006). Israel's Road to "Convergence" Began with Rabin: A Short History of Unilateral Separation. Counterpunch.
^ ^a ^b Rochelle Furstenberg (November 2002). The Left Regroups on the Fence. Hadassah Magazine. Retrieved on 03.22.2007.
^ Shlomo Brom (November 2001). The Many Faces of Unilateral Disengagement in Strategic Assessments. The Jaffee Center for Strategic Studies at Tel Aviv University.
^ ^a ^b Steven Poole (2006). Unspeak:How Words Become Weapons, How Weapons Become a Message, and How That Message Becomes Reality. Grove Press. ISBN 0802118259.
^ Aaron Klieman has distinguished between partition plans based on "hafrada", which he translated as "detachment"; and "hipardut", translated as "disengagement." Aaron S. Klieman (2000-01-15). Compromising Palestine: A Guide to Final Status Negotiations. Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-11789-2.
^ Meyrav Wurmser (Fall 2002). Book Review of Korah Ha'hafrada: Yisrael Ve Harashut Ha'falestinit, Disengagement: Israel and the Palestinian Authority. Middle East Quarterly. Retrieved on 03.17.2007.
^ ^a ^b ^c Leslie Susser (19 September 2005). Gaza: The Doomed Experiment (Reprinted at the website of the Australian/Israel & Jewish Affairs Council. The Jerusalem Report.
^ ^a ^b ^c David Makovsky. How to Build a Fence.
^ ^a ^b ^c Interview by Shai Gefen. Waiting To See Which Sharon We'll Get After The Elections. Beis Moschiach Online Edition.
^ Yossi Schwartz (15 – 19 March 2001). The Three Intifadas and the Crisis of the Israeli Left. REDS – Die Roten. Retrieved on 03.23.2007.
^ ^a ^b The ICJ Hearing on the Wall Awaiting a Momentous Ruling. Zawya (original from Monday Morning) (25 February 2004). Retrieved on 03.22.2007.
^ Jerrold Kessel & Pierre Klochendler. Israel votes for separation. Ha'aretz, English Edition. Retrieved on 2007-03-17.
^ Original French reads: "Nos priorités ont changé. Au rêve du Grand Israël a succédé la réalité du petit Israël. Ce qui compte pour les gens, c’est de vivre mieux, ici. D’ailleurs, demandez-leur ce qu’ils souhaitent, surtout après les attentats. La réponse majoritaire, c’est : hafrada la séparation." Dominique Vidal (May 1996). Troublante normalisation pour la société israélienne. Le Monde Diplomatique. Retrieved on 03.23.2007.
^ ^a ^b The Hafrada Wall. Sabeel Ecumenical Liberation Theology Center, Jerusalem (21 July 2004). Retrieved on 03.22.2007.
^ Roxane Ellis Rodriguez Assaf (May 2003). Sabeel's Rev. Naim Ateek Calls Israeli apartheid by its Hebrew Name: Hafrada (Special Report). Washington Report for Middle East Affairs (WRMEA). Retrieved on 03.18.2007.
^ Mazin B. Qumsiyeh (28 June 2006). Discussion on: Searching for Peace in the Palestinian-Israeli Conflict. Institute of Strategic and Development Studies, Andreas Papandreou, University of Athens.
^ Michael Hirst (October 2004). Four Years Later: Assessing the status of the Israeli-Palestinian peace process, four years after the start of the second intifada. Catholic World News. Retrieved on 03.19.2007.
^ Commitment for Life Programme, United Reformed Church, UK (September 2004). Israel/Palestine: The Wall Is Illegal. Christian World Service.
^ ^a ^b Honest ReportingUK (30 May 2006). Sunday Herald's Linguistics Gymnastics. Retrieved on 03.23.2007.

Gideon Levy is an Israeli journalist for Haaretz, a member of its editorial board and former spokesman for Shimon Peres [1] A recurring theme of his articles is what he calls the moral blindness of the Israeli society to the effects of its acts of war and occupation, an... Courrier International is a French-based weekly newspaper. ... Haaretz (הארץ, The Land) is an Israeli newspaper, founded in 1919. ... Policy Review is one of Americas leading conservative journals. ... Hoover Tower at the Hoover Institution The Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace is a public policy think tank and library founded by Herbert Hoover at Stanford University, his alma mater. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... March 17 is the 76th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (77th in leap years). ... The Israeli Committee Against House Demolitions (ICAHD) describes itself as a non-violent, direct-action group originally established to oppose and resist Israeli demolition of Palestinian houses in the Occupied Territories. ... The Israeli Committee Against House Demolitions (ICAHD) is a non-violent, direct-action group originally established to oppose and resist Israeli demolition of Palestinian houses in the Occupied Territories. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... March 17 is the 76th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (77th in leap years). ... Zionism is a political movement that supports a homeland for the Jewish people in the Land of Israel, where Jewish nationhood is thought to have evolved somewhere between 1200 BCE and late Second Temple times,[1][2] and where Jewish kingdoms existed up to the 2nd century CE. Zionism is... Andreas Georgiou Papandreou, Î‘Î½Î´ÏÎÎ±Ï‚ Î“. Î Î±Ï€Î±Î½Î´ÏÎÎ¿Ï… (5 February 1919 â€“ 23 June 1996) was a Greek economist, a socialist politician and a towering figure in Greek politics. ... The National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (Greek: Î•Î¸Î½Î¹ÎºÏŒÎ½ ÎºÎ±Î¹ ÎšÎ±Ï€Î¿Î´Î¹ÏƒÏ„ÏÎ¹Î±ÎºÏŒÎ½ Î Î±Î½ÎµÏ€Î¹ÏƒÏ„Î®Î¼Î¹Î¿Î½ Î‘Î¸Î·Î½ÏŽÎ½), usually referred to simply as the University of Athens, is the oldest university in the region of the eastern Mediterranean and has been in continuous operation since its establishment in 1837. ... The McLaughlin Group is a long-running weekly public affairs television program in the United States, where a group of five commentators discuss current political issues. ... Common Dreams NewsCenter, based in Portland, Maine, was founded in 1997. ... The Sun is the newspaper of record for Baltimore, Maryland, with a daily press run of 247,193 copies and a Sunday run of 418,670 copies (9/30/05 Audit Bureau of Circulations report). ... Jonathan Cook Jonathan Cook (born in 1965 in in Buckinghamshire, England) is a British freelance journalist based in Nazareth in Israel, who has published in The Guardian, The Observer, Al Jazeera, ZNet and Electronic Intifada, CounterPunch (newsletter), Information Clearing House and published the book Blood and Religion: The Unmasking of... Counterpunch can refer to: In traditional typography, a counterpunch is a type of punch used to create the negative space in or around a character. ... The Engineering Faculty Boulevard The Smolarz Auditorium Tel Aviv University (TAU, ××•× ×™×‘×¨×¡×™×˜×ª ×ª×œ ××‘×™×‘, ××ª×) is one of Israels major universities. ... Steven Poole (born 1972) is a British author and journalist. ... Grove Press is an American publishing imprint that was founded in 1951. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... The Middle East Quarterly is a quarterly journal devoted to Middle Eastern affairs. ... The Jerusalem Report is a biweekly newsmagazine that covers political and social issues in Israel, the Middle East and the Jewish world, from a centrist viewpoint. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... March 17 is the 76th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (77th in leap years). ... Le Monde diplomatique (nicknamed Le Diplo by its French readers) is a monthly publication offering analysis and opinion on politics, culture, and current affairs. ... The Sabeel Ecumenical Liberation Theology Center in Jerusalemwas founded by Palestinian Christian. ... The word ecumenical comes from a Greek word that means pertaining to the whole world. ... Liberation theology is a school of theology that focuses on Jesus Christ as not only the Redeemer but also the Liberator of the Oppressed. ... For other uses, see Jerusalem (disambiguation). ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... It has been suggested that one solution has to be found for a series of articles including this article. ... Andreas Georgiou Papandreou, Î‘Î½Î´ÏÎÎ±Ï‚ Î“. Î Î±Ï€Î±Î½Î´ÏÎÎ¿Ï… (5 February 1919 â€“ 23 June 1996) was a Greek economist, a socialist politician and a towering figure in Greek politics. ... The National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (Greek: Î•Î¸Î½Î¹ÎºÏŒÎ½ ÎºÎ±Î¹ ÎšÎ±Ï€Î¿Î´Î¹ÏƒÏ„ÏÎ¹Î±ÎºÏŒÎ½ Î Î±Î½ÎµÏ€Î¹ÏƒÏ„Î®Î¼Î¹Î¿Î½ Î‘Î¸Î·Î½ÏŽÎ½), usually referred to simply as the University of Athens, is the oldest university in the region of the eastern Mediterranean and has been in continuous operation since its establishment in 1837. ... Honest Reporting (also HonestReporting or honestreporting. ...

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