Flag of Tunis under the Hafsids according to the Catalan Atlas c.1375

Hafsid dynasty in Ifriqiya (1229-1574) Ifriqiya or Ifriqiyah (Arabic إفريقية) refers in medieval history to an area consisting of most of modern Tunisia and eastern Algeria, roughly equivalent to the Roman province of Africa. ... Events March 18 - Sixth Crusade of Emperor Frederick II ends in truce with Sultan al-Kamil and coronation of Frederick as King of Jerusalem. ... Events April 14 - Battle of Mookerheyde. ...

Significant Rulers:

• Abu Zakariyya Yahya I. (1229-1249)
• Muhammad I. al-Mustansir (1249-1277)
• Yahya II. al-Watiq (1277-1279)
• Ibrahim I. (1279-1283)
• Ibn Abi Umara (1283-1284)
• Abu Hafs Umar I. (1284-1295)
• Abu Bakr II. (1318-1346)
• Ishaq II. (1350-1369)
• Abu l-Abbas Ahmad II. (1370-1394)
• Abd al-Aziz II. (1394-1434)
• Uthman (1435-1488)

After the split of the Hafsids from the Almohads under Abu Zakariyya Yahya I. (1229-1249), he organised the adminsitration in Ifriqiya and built Tunis up as the economic and cultural centre of the empire. At the same time, many muslims from Andalucia fleeing the Reconquista of Castille and Aragon were absorbed. His successor Muhammad I. al-Mustansir (1249-1277) took the title of Caliph. The Almohad Dynasty (From Arabic الموحدون al-Muwahhidun, i. ... Events March 18 - Sixth Crusade of Emperor Frederick II ends in truce with Sultan al-Kamil and coronation of Frederick as King of Jerusalem. ... Events University, the first College at Oxford founded Births Emperor Kameyama of Japan Pope John XXII Frederick I, Margrave of Baden Deaths July 6 - Alexander II of Scotland (b. ... Motto: Dominator Hercules Fundator Andaluc a por s , para Espa a y la humanidad (Andalusia for herself, for Spain, and for humanity) Capital Seville Area  - total  - % of Spain Ranked 2nd 87 268 km 17,2% Population  - Total (2003)  - % of Spain  - Density Ranked 1st 7 478 432 17,9% 85,70... For other uses, see Reconquista (Disambiguation). ... A former kingdom of Spain, Castile comprises the two regions of Old Castile in north-western Spain, and New Castile in the centre of the country. ... Capital Zaragoza Area  – Total  – % of Spain Ranked 4th  47 719 km²  9,4% Population  – Total (2003)  – % of Spain  – Density Ranked 11th  1 217 514  2,9%  25,51/km² Demonym  – English  – Spanish  Aragonese  aragonés Statute of Autonomy August 16, 1982 ISO 3166-2 AR Parliamentary representation  – Congress seats  – Senate seats... Events University, the first College at Oxford founded Births Emperor Kameyama of Japan Pope John XXII Frederick I, Margrave of Baden Deaths July 6 - Alexander II of Scotland (b. ... Events The philosophical doctrine Averroism is banned from Paris by bishop Etienne Tempier Burmas Pagan empire begins to disintegrate after being defeated by Kublai Khan at Ngasaungsyan, near the Chinese border. ... Caliph is the term or title for the Islamic leader of the Ummah, or community of Islam. ...

In the 14th century the empire underwent a temporary decline. Although the Hafsids succeeded for a time in subjugating the empire of the Abdalwids of Tlemcen for a time, but between 1347 and 1357 it was twice conquered by the Merinids of Morocco. These however could not defeat the Bedouin, so that the Hafsids were able to regain their empire. As at the same time epidemics of plague caused a considerable fall in population, the rule of the Hafsids was weakened further. Tlemcen is a town in Northwestern Algeria, and the seat of government for the wilaya of the same name. ... -1... [[ == == ===Events= July 9 - Charles Bridge in Prague was founded == == ==]] Births Vincent Ferrer April 11 - King John I of Portugal Deaths May 28 - King Afonso IV of Portugal Categories: 1357 ... Merinid dynasty; a Berber dynasty in Morocco (1244-1465) Rulers: Abdalhaqq I. (1195-1217) Uthman I. (1217-1240) Muhammad I. (1240-1244) Abu Yahya Abu Bakr (1244 - 1258) Umar (1258 - 1259) Abu Yusuf Yaqub (1259 - 1286) Abu Yaqub Yusuf (1286 - 1306) Abu Tabil (1307 - 1308) Abu l-Rabia (1308 - 1310... Bedouin resting at Mount Sinai Bedouin, derived from the Arabic badawi بدوي, a generic name for a desert-dweller, is a term generally applied to Sahara via the Western Desert, Sinai, and Negev to the eastern coast of the Arabian desert. ...

Under the Hafsids, piracy against Christian shipping grew stronger in the 14th century, particularly under Abd al-Aziz II. (1394-1434). The profits were used for a great building programme and for the support of art and culture. However piracy also provoked retaliation from Aragon and Venice, which several times attacked Tunisian coastal cities. Under Utman (1435-1488) the Hafsids reached their last zenith, as the caravan trade through the Sahara and with Egypt was developed, as well as sea trade with Venice and Aragon. The Bedouins and the cities of the empire became largely independent, so that the Hafsids controlled only Tunis and Constantine. This article is about sea pirates. ... Events Expulsion of the Jews from France. ... Events May 30, Battle of Lipany in the Hussite Wars Jan van Eyck painted the wedding of Giovanni Arnoflini The Honorable Passing of Arms at the bridge of Obrigo The Portuguese reach Cape Bojador in Western Sahara. ... Great Museums in the World (Louvre, Metropolitan Museum, MoMA, Picasso …) CGFA: A Virtual Art Museum Very large website with good reproduction quality scans of thousands of paintings Goetia Fine Art - Surrealism Art History With biographies and Works of the Surrealist Masters Art-Atlas. ... The word culture comes from the Latin root colere (to inhabit, to cultivate, or to honor). ... Revenge is retaliation against a person or group in response to wrongdoing. ... Location within Italy Venice is known for its waterways and gondolas Venice (Italian Venezia), the city of canals, is the capital of the region of Veneto, population 271,663 (census estimate 2004-01-01). ... For other uses, see number 1435. ... Events February 3 - Bartolomeu Dias of Portugal lands in Mossel Bay after rounding the Cape of Good Hope, at the tip of Africa becoming the first known European to travel this far south. ... Caravans comprise land-based trading convoys, often utilising the camel as a beast of burden, and generally associated with crossing deserts in Asia or Africa. ... Constantine or Qustantînah is a city in north-east Algeria, slightly inland. ...

In the 16th century the Hafsids increasingly became caught up in the power struggle between Spain and the Osman-supported Corsairs. The latter conquered Tunis in 1574 and toppled the Hafsids, who had at times accepted Spanish sovereignty over them. This article is about the concept in naval history. ... Events April 14 - Battle of Mookerheyde. ...