Haidong Gumdo, also spelled Haedong Kumdo, is a name coined around 1982 and used for several Korean martial art organizations that use swords. Spelling varies between certain organizations. Most notable are Haidong Gumdo by the original organization (Daehan Haidong Gumdo Federation) under Kim Jeong-Ho, and Haedong Kumdo by the largest offshoot (Hanguk Haedong Gumdo Federation) under Na Han-Il. Hangul also refers to a word processing application widely used in Korea. ... It has been suggested that Sino-Korean be merged into this article or section. ... The Revised Romanization of Korean (Korean: 국어의 로마자 표기법; 國語의 로마字 表記法) is the official Korean language romanization system in South Korea. ... McCune-Reischauer romanization is one of the two most widely used Korean language romanization systems, along with the Revised Romanization of Korean, which replaced (a modified) McCune-Reischauer as the official romanization system in South Korea in 2000. ... Hawaiian State Grappling Championships. ... The word swords can refer to: Swords, Dublin swords (blades) Swords, a suit in the Tarot SWORDS, a ground-based military robot This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title. ...

Haidong Gumdo derives its name from Haedong Seongguk Balhae (海東盛國渤海), a name for Balhae, an ancient kingdom in the region of what is today northeastern Korea, northern China, and eastern Siberia. Alternate meaning: Bohai Sea Balhae (Korean) or Bohai (Chinese) was a kingdom in northeast Asia from AD 698 to 926, occupying parts of Manchuria, northern Korea, and Russian Far East. ... Siberian Federal District (dark red) and the broadest definition of Siberia (red) Siberia (Russian: , Sibir’; Tatar: Seber) is a vast region of Russia and northern Kazakhstan constituting almost all of Northern Asia. ...

Techniques

Dedicated practitioners of Haidong Gumdo engage in the practice of kibun (basics), pumse (forms), yaksuk daeryun (step sparring), sparring hada (free sparring), chingeom gyeokgeom (sparring with live blades), gigong (energy building exercises) and begi (cutting practice). Basic practice is with the mokgeom (wooden sword). A hyung or poomse is a martial arts form that is typically used in a Korean martial art. ...

Sparring practice begins with the jukdo (bamboo sword) and progresses to mokgeom and chingeom. Pumse within Haidong Gumdo were derived from the mechanics of gicheon (a Korean form of martial arts similar to Tai Chi Chuan), and various sword patterns found within the Muye Dobo Tongji (Illustrated Manual of Martial Arts). Baldo and chakgeom forms (drawing and sheathing the sword) were also developed. Hawaiian State Grappling Championships. ... Tai Chi Chuan, Tai Chi Chüan or Taijiquan (Traditional Chinese: 太極拳; Simplified Chinese: 太极拳; pinyin: Tàijíquán; literally supreme ultimate fist), commonly known as Tai Chi, Tai Chi, or Taiji, is an internal Chinese martial art. ...

While indigenous Korean sword forms are contained in the Bonguk Geombeop (Korean sword method), other geombeop are taught within Haidong Gumdo curricula, including:

• 쌍수검법 Ssangsu Geombeop (method of using the double handed sword)
• 심상검법 Simsang Geombeop (method of using strategy and tactics with the sword)
• 예도검법 Yedo Geombeop (method of the heart of swordsmanship)
• 제독검법 Jedok Geombeop (Admiral's sword method)
• 장백검법 Jangbaek Geombeop (the Jangbaek method)
• 왜검법 Wae Geombeop (Japanese method)
• 외수검법 Wuisu Geombeop (method of using the sword with one hand)
• 쌍검검법 Ssanggeom Geombeop (The method of using two swords)

Haidong Gumdo may be generally characterized as exchanging multiple strikes of the sword for one strike of the sword. The one strike concept characterizes the Japanese method. The Japanese ideal of "one strike, one kill" is prevalent in Japanese kendo (kumdo), even today. The merits and limitations of each of the philosophies may be debated endlessly. Probably the best way to characterize the main difference between Japanese Kendo and the Korean Haidong Gumdo styles is through training philosophy: Kendo (剣道 Kendō) or way of the sword, is the martial art of Japanese fencing. ... Kumdo is a modern martial art of fencing, the Korean equivalent of Japanese kendo. ...

• The Japanese technique primarily focuses on one-versus-one, or individual combat.
• The Korean technique primarily focuses on one-versus-many, or battlefield combat.

The essence of Haidong Gumdo is in shimgum, a concept similar to the that of the Spanish duende, as coined by the Spanish poet, García Lorca. Shimgum is the unification of the mind, body and spirit expressing itself through the use of the sword. It implies a technical mastery of the sword, but transcends technical limitations. One can be "technically perfect" but still not achieve shimgum. Shimgum is what makes Haidong Gumdo not only a martial science but also a martial art. The duende is a rarely explained concept in Spanish art, particularly flamenco, having to do with emotion, expression and authenticity. ... Federico García Lorca Federico García Lorca (June 5, 1898 – August 19, 1936) was a Spanish poet and dramatist, also remembered as a painter, pianist, and composer. ...

Legal controversy

A series of legal actions between the two primary Haidong Gumdo organizations has revealed and documented the history of this martial art. These organizations claim that Haidong Gumdo is rooted in the martial traditions of the Samurang, a group of elite warriors originally trained by a master named Seolbong in the ancient Goguryeo Kingdom (modern-day northern Korea). However, written documentation verifying the existence of this class of warriors is lacking, as is any information on what happened to the Samurang or their sword methods after the fall of Goguryeo. Samurang is one of fabrications by Haidong Gumdo, who says it was a name for Goguryeo warriors and the origin of samurai. ... Goguryeo (traditional dates 37 B.C. – A.D. 668) was a kingdom in northern Korea and a large part of Manchuria. ...

The World Haidong Gumdo Federation claims that Kim Jeong-Ho, president of the Daehan Haidong Gumdo Federation, learned Haidong Gumdo from a master called Jangbaeksan (meaning Mount Baekdu) at Kwanak Mountain. The trials concluded that Haidong Gumdo was created by Kim Jeong-Ho and Na Hanil, both of whom had studied the Korean sword arts of Gicheonmun (under Bak Daeyang) and Simgeomdo (under Kim Changsik), and that the story of Jangbaeksan was a metaphor for this. The pair worked together under the name of the more widely known of their two arts, Simgeomdo. Around 1984 they began teaching their martial art under the name Haidong Gumdo. Haidong Gumdo remained a relatively minor art until 1989 when Na Hanil played the leading character in a Korean TV drama. This helped to promote Haidong Gumdo considerably, but the rapid growth of the organization led to internal strife. Baekdu Mountain is a volcanic mountain on the border between China and North Korea, located at . At 2,750 m, it is the highest mountain of the Changbai Mountains to the north and Baekdudaegan to the south. ...

See also

• List of Korea-related topics
• Kumdo
• Korean sword

This is a list of Wikipedia articles on Korea-related people, places, things, and concepts. ... Kumdo is a modern martial art of fencing, the Korean equivalent of Japanese kendo. ... Korean swords of the Joseon Dynasty. ...

External links

• World Haidong Gumdo Federation
• Haidong Gumdo
• Canadian Haidong Gumdo Association
• Brazilian Haidong Gumdo Association
• European Haidong Gumdo Association
• American Haidong Gumdo Association
• Australian Haidong Gumdo Association
• Irish Haidong Gumdo Association
• Italian Haidong Gumdo Association
• Spanish Haidong Gumdo Association
• New Zealand Haidong Kumdo Association