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Sepahbod Haj Ali Razmara (Persian: حاجیعلی رزمآر Ḥājī`alī Razmāra, March 7, 1951) was a military leader and Prime Minister of Iran. Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Perso-Arabic script. ...
March 7 is the 66th day of the year (67th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
1951 (MCMLI) was a common year starting on Monday; see its calendar. ...
A prime minister is the most senior minister of a cabinet in the executive branch of government in a parliamentary system. ...
Razmara was born in Tehran and studied at the military academy of Saint-Cyr in France and climbed his way up and eventually became Prime Minister in 1950. This article does not cite its references or sources. ...
A military academy is a military educational institution. ...
Cadets parading in dress uniform A cadet in formal uniform The École Spéciale Militaire de Saint-Cyr (ESM, Special Military School of St Cyr) is the foremost French military academy. ...
A prime minister is the most senior minister of a cabinet in the executive branch of government in a parliamentary system. ...
He was assassinated by the Fadayan-e Islam terrorist organization with 3 bullets in Tehran at the age of 49. Fadayan-e Islam was founded in 1946 as an Islamic fundamentalist organization. ...
This article does not cite its references or sources. ...
Anglo-Iranian oil negotiations Ali Razmara came closer than any other prime minister to successfully ratifying the Supplemental Oil Agreement between Iran and the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company, which would have improved the revenues paid to Iran by the company. The Supplemental Agreement drew the ire of most Iranians and Majlis of Iran deputies. because it provided less favourable terms than the Venezuela agreement between the Standard Oil of New Jersey and the Venezuelan government or the agreement between the Arabian-American Oil Company and the Saudi Arabian government, and because it still surrendered some control of Iran's national resources to a foreign company and country. The Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (AIOC) was founded in 1909, as the Anglo-Persian Oil Company, following the discovery of a large oil field in Masjed Soleiman, Iran. ...
Majlis (مجلس) is an Arabic term used to describe various types of formal legislative assemblies in countries with linguistic or cultural connections to Islamic countries. ...
Razmara pressed the AIOC hard for better terms, and might have succeeded in bringing the Majlis and the company to a workable compromise.
Premier of Iran Razmara promoted a plan for decentralization of government together with decentralization of the Seven-Year Plan for infrastructure developelment and improvement. His idea was to bring government to the people; an unheard of idea in Iran. His plan called for setting up local councils in Iran’s 84 districts to run local affairs such as health, education and agricultural programs.
Razmara began trimming the government payrolls, eliminating a large number of officials out of a total of 187,000 civil servants. At one stroke he terminated nearly 400 high-placed officials. By so doing, Razmarra earned the wrath of the powerful land-owning and merchant families and with most conservatives without gaining the confidence of the radical Tudeh Party. Additionally his opposition to expropriation of AIOC assets at Abadan earned him the wrath of the small but powerful group of Majlis deputies known as the National Front. The National Front was lead by Majlis Member, Dr. Mohammed Mossadegh whose leading ally in Parliament was Assembly Speaker, Ayatollah Kashani. The Tudeh Party of Iran (f. ...
Majlis (مجلس) is an Arabic term used to describe various types of formal legislative assemblies in countries with linguistic or cultural connections to Islamic countries. ...
The name National Front, is used by a number of political parties and coalitions. ...
This article needs cleanup. ...
Assassination On March 7, 1951, a lone gunman approached Premiere Razmara and fired six shots fatally wounding the Prime Minister.
The assassin, who was arrested at the scene, was initially rumoured to have been perpetrated by the outlawed Tudeh Party. It was revealed that he was Kahlil Tahmassebi, a member of the militant Islamic group, Fadayan-e Islam. Fadayan-e Islam was controlled by Ayatollah Kashani who, along with other National Frontists, defended the act as justified. The National Front declared Prime Minister Ali Razmara, an enemy of Islam and a traitor to Iran for his opposition to the terms of the Oil Nationalization Law. Fadayan-e Islam was founded in 1946 as an Islamic fundamentalist organization. ...
At a public demonstration the following day attended by more than 8,000 Tudeh Party members and National Front supporters, Fadayan-e Islam distributed leaflets carrying a threat to assassinate the Shah and other government officials if the assassin, Khalil Tahmassebi was not set free immediately. Threats were also issues against any Majlis member who opposed Oil Nationalization.
The second Iranian official to suffer at the hands of the assassins was Education Minister, Dr. Abdul Hamid Zangeneh. Zangeneh was dean of Law at Tehran University and was not shy about voicing his opposition to oil nationalization. A few days later authorities uncovered the details of the plot to assassinate the Shah and other officials on the morning of the Persian New Year. This was followed by the attempted assassination of the Queen's cousin. Yaya Bakhtiari was severely wounded but survived. All of this occured in conjunction with riots and demonstrations orchestrated by the outlawed Tudeh Party and National Front supporters.
In November 1952, the Parliament voted a full pardon for Tahmassebi. He was hailed as a hero and was granted an audience with Prime Minister Mohammed Mossadegh. Mossadegh barred photographers from the meeting.
End of Iranian Democracy The assassination of Prime Minister Ali Razmara effectively put an end to the democratic aspirations of Iran. Iran was plunged into a period of assassination, theats of assassination and mob-rule. For the next few years political leaders would not endure the inconvenience of appealing to the people. Rather they would call on the mob to upset order until their aims were met. These riots and demonstrations were usually accompanied by threats against political enemies who made constant use of the priviledge of bast.
On March 12, 1951 the Majlis voted to nationalize Iran’s oil. Not one Majlis member voted against the Act. This was followed by a vote on March 28th to expropriate the AIOC properties at Abadan.
The Shah appointed Hussein Ala to suceed Razmara as Prime Minister. This move was met by further assassinations, riots and demonstrations throughout the country. Ala ultimately resigned his post as Prime Minister. The Shah opted to go with former Primer Minister Sayyid Ziya al-Din Tabatabai but the Majlis, lead by the National Front, voted on a referendum naming Mohammed Mossadegh to the post. Although the Shah had sole constitutional authority to appoint Prime Ministers, he reluctantly acquiesed and gave Mossadegh his appointment on April 28, 1951.
See also The Pahlavi dynasty (in Persian: دودمان پهلوی) of Iran began with the crowning of Reza Shah Pahlavi in 1925 and ended with the Iranian Revolution of 1979, and the subsequent collapse of the ancient tradition of Iranian monarchy. ...
This is a list of Prime Ministers of Iran and Persia (see Prime Minister of Iran): // Mirza Ali Asghar Khan (1 May - 31 August 1907) Mirza Nasrollah Khan (9 September - 13 September 1907) Nasir al-Mulk (25 October - 21 December 1907) (1st time) Nizam as-Saltana (21 December 1907 - May...
References used The following reference was used for the above writing: - 'Alí Rizā Awsatí (عليرضا اوسطى), Iran in the past three centuries (Irān dar Se Qarn-e Goz̲ashteh - ايران در سه قرن گذشته), Volumes 1 and 2 (Paktāb Publishing - انتشارات پاکتاب, Tehran, Iran, 2003). ISBN 9-649340-661 (Vol. 1), ISBN 9-649340-653 (Vol. 2).
- Stephen Kinzer, All The Shah's Men: An American Coup and the Roots of Middle East Terror (John Wiley & Sons, New Jersey, 2003). ISBN 0-471-26517-9
- Mary Ann Heiss, Empire and Nationhood: The United States, Great Britain, and Iranian Oil, 1950-1954 (Columbia University Press, 1997). ISBN 0-231-10819-2
- Mostafa Elm, Oil, Power, and Principle: Iran's Oil Nationalization and Its Aftermath (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1994). ISBN 0-8156-2642-8
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