Avicenna's tomb in Hamedan

Hamadan or Hamedan ( Persian: همدان , Kurdish: Ekbatan) is the capital city of Hamadan Province of Iran. It had an estimated population of 550,284 in 2005.[1] Image File history File linksMetadata Hamadan1. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Hamadan1. ... Avicenna (latinized from Arab Ibn Sina; full name AbÅ« ‘AlÄ« al-Husayn ibn ‘Abd Allāh ibn SÄ«nā al-BalkhÄ«; Persian: ‎ ; arabicized ; born 980, dead 1037) was a Persian [2][3] physician, philosopher, and scientist. ... Persian (Local names: فارسی Fârsi or پارسی Pârsi)* is an Indo-European language spoken in Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan as well as by minorities in Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, India, Pakistan, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Southern Russia, neighboring countries, and elsewhere. ... The Kurdish language is a language spoken in the region called Kurdistan, including Kurdish populations in parts of Iran, Iraq, Syria and Turkey. ... External links Official website of Hamadan Governorship Categories: Iran geography stubs | Provinces of Iran ...

Hamadan is believed to be amongst the oldest Iranian cities and one of the oldest in the world.

Hamadan is a green mountainous area on the foothills of the 3574-meter Alwand Mountain,in the mid west of Iran. The city is 1850 meters above sea level.

The special nature of this old city and its historic sites attract tourists during the summer to this city, located approximately 400km southwest of Tehran. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

History

Golden Rhyton from Iran's Achaemenid period from Ecbatana. National Museum of Iran.

Hamadan has a distinguished place among all historical cities of Iran and geographically located at 34°51′N 48°31′E.Some historians believe that Hamadan's construction dates back to 3000 BC and according to an inscription from the first Assyrian king , it is attributed to 1100 BC. Image File history File links Image by Zereshk. ... Image File history File links Image by Zereshk. ... A Rhyton (Greek ῥυτόν rutón) is a ceremonial drinking cup shaped like an animal head or horn. ... Achaemenid Empire The Achaemenid Dynasty was a dynasty in the ancient Persian Empire, including Cyrus II the Great, Darius I and Xerxes I. At the height of their power, the Achaemenid rulers of Persia ruled over territories roughly emcompassing some parts of todays Iraq, Egypt, Syria, Jordan, Israel, Lebanon... Golden Rhyton from Irans Achaemenid period. ... Entrance of the National Museum of Iran, the vault is built in the style of Persias Sassanid vaults The National Museum of Iran (in Persian: موزه ایران باستان Muze-ye Irân-e Bâstân) is... For other uses, see Assyria (disambiguation). ...

Hamadan was established by the Medes, old Kurdish ancestors, and was the capital of the Median empire. It then became one of several capital cities of the Achaemenid Dynasty and it has been referred to by a variety of names throughout its long history, including Ecbatana or Ekbetan (Median), Ecbatana (classical Greek rendition of Hagmatana) and several corruptions or mispronunciations of the previous two in subsequent centuries. Medea (Medea Proper), ca. ... Languages Kurdish Religions Predominantly Sunni Muslim also some Shia, Yazidism, Yarsan, Judaism, Christianity Related ethnic groups other Iranian peoples (Talysh Baluch Gilak Bakhtiari Persians) The Kurds are an ethnic group who consider themselves to be indigenous to a region often referred to as Kurdistan, an area which includes adjacent parts... This article incorporates text from the public domain 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica. ... The Persepolis Ruins The Achaemenid dynasty (Old Persian:Hakamanishiya, Persian: هخامنشیان) - was a dynasty in the ancient Persian Empire. ... Golden Rhyton from Irans Achaemenid period. ... Greek (, IPA: — Hellenic) has a documented history of 3,500 years, the longest of any single language within the Indo-European family. ...

During the Parthian era, Ctesiphon was the capital of the country, and Hamadan the summer capital and residence of the Parthian rulers. After the Parthians, the Sassanids constructed their summer palaces in Hamadan. In the year 633 the war of Nahavand took place and Hamadan fell into the hands of the Muslim Arabs. At times it thrived and at times it witnessed poverty. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Ctesiphon, 1932 Ctesiphon (Parthian and Pahlavi: Tyspwn as well as Tisfun, Persian: ‎, also known as in Arabic Madain, Maden or Al-Madain: المدائن) is one of the great cities of ancient Mesopotamia and the capital of the Parthian Empire and its successor, the Sassanid Empire, for more than 800 years... Sassanid Empire at its greatest extent The Sassanid dynasty (also Sassanian) was the name given to the kings of Persia during the era of the second Persian Empire, from 224 until 651, when the last Sassanid shah, Yazdegerd III, lost a 14-year struggle to drive out the Umayyad Caliphate... Events Oswald of Bernicia becomes Bretwalda. ... Nahavand (also spelled Nahawand in some texts) is a town in Hamadan Province in Iran. ...

During the Buwayhids , the city suffered much damage. In the 11th century, the Seljuks shifted their capital from Baghdad to Hamadan. The Buwayhids were a Shiite Muslim tribal confederation from the southern shore of the Caspian Sea. ... The Seljuk Turks (Turkish: Selçuk; Arabic: سلجوق Saljūq, السلاجقة al-Salājiqa; Persian: سلجوقيان Saljūqiyān; also Seldjuk, Seldjuq, Seljuq) were a major branch of... Baghdad (Arabic ) is the capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate. ...

The city of Hamadan, its fortunes following the rise and fall of regional powers, was completely destroyed during the Timurid invasion. During the Safavid era the city thrived. Thereafter, in the 18th century, Hamadan was surrendered to the Ottomans, but due to the courage and chivalry of Nadir Shah Afshar, Hamadan was cleared of invaders and, as a result of a peace treaty between Iran and the Ottomans, it was returned to Iran. Hamadan stands on the Silk Road, and even in recent centuries the city enjoyed strong commerce and trade as a result of its location on the main road network in the western region of Persia and Iran. Timurid can refer to several entities, related to Timur: Timurid Dynasty Timurid Empire Timurid Emirates This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... The Safavids were a long-lasting Turkic-speaking Iranian dynasty that ruled from 1501 to 1736 and first established Shiite Islam as Persias official religion. ... The Ottoman Empire at the height of its power Imperial motto El Muzaffer Daima The Ever Victorious (as written in tugra) Official language Ottoman Turkish Capital İstanbul ( Constantinople/Asitane/Konstantiniyye ) Sovereigns Sultans of the Osmanli Dynasty Population ca 40 million Area 12+ million km² Establishment 1299 Dissolution October 29... Nadir Shah’s portrait from the collection of Smithsonian Institute Nadir Shah (Persian: نادر شاه) (Nadir Qoli Beg (Persian: نادر قلی بیگ), also Tahmasp-Qoli Khan (Persian: تهماسپ قلی خان) also Nadir Shah Afshar (Persian: نادر شاه افشار) ) (October 22, 1688 - June 19, 1747) ruled as Shah of Iran (1736–47) and was the founder of the short-lived Turkic Afsharid... The Silk Road Silk Route redirects here. ...

Climate

Landscape in Hamedan Province.

Hamadan province lies in a temperate mountainous region to the east of Zagros. The vast plains of the north and northeast of the province are influenced by strong winds, that almost last throughout the year. The various air currents of this region are: the north and north west winds of the spring and winter seasons, which are usually humid and bring about rainfall. The west-east air currents that blow in the autumn, and the local winds that develop due to difference in air-pressure between the elevated areas and the plains, like the blind wind of the Asad Abad region. Hamadan being in the vicinity of the Alvand mountains has a cold, mountainous climate, with snowy winters. In fact it is one of the coldest cities in Iran. The temperature may drop below -30 °C on the coldest days. Heavy snowfalls are common during winter. Summer is short , and the weather is mild and pleasant and mostly sunny.

Image File history File linksMetadata Hamadanj1. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Hamadanj1. ... The Zagros Mountains (In Persian:رشته‌کوه‌های زاگرس) make up Irans second largest mountain range. ...

Culture

An example of a traditional Rug of Hamedan.

Hamadan is also home to many poets and cultural celebrities. The city is also said to be among the world's oldest continuously inhabited cities. Image File history File links Hamedan_rug. ... Image File history File links Hamedan_rug. ...

Handicrafts: Hamadan has always been well-known for handicrafts like leather and ceramic work as well as for its beautiful carpets.

Iran's Cultural Heritage Organization lists 207 sites of historical and cultural significance in the city of Hamedan alone. Iran Cultural Heritage Organization (سازمان میراث فرهنگی) is an educational and research institution overseeing numerous associated museum complexes throughout Iran. ...

Legend has it that the biblical Esther is buried in Hamedan. Esther (Hebrew: אֶסְתֵּר, Standard Tiberian ), born Hadassah, was a woman in the Hebrew Bible, the queen of Ahasuerus (commonly identified with Xerxes I or Artaxerxes II), and heroine of the Biblical Book of Esther which is named after her. ...

The scientist and writer known in the west as Avicenna (Abu Ali Sina) is buried in Hamedan. Avicenna (latinized from Arab Ibn Sina; full name Abū ‘Alī al-Husayn ibn ‘Abd Allāh ibn Sīnā al-Balkhī; Persian: ‎ ; arabicized ; born 980, dead 1037) was a Persian [2][3] physician, philosopher, and scientist. ...

The 11th century Persian poet Baba Taher is also interred in Hamedan.

It is the birthplace of Badi` al-Zaman al-Hamadhani, author of the Maqamat. Badi al-Zaman al-Hamadhani (967 - 1007) was a tenth century Arab writer of prose. ... In music, a maqam [sic] (plural maqamat) is a technique of improvisation that defines the pitches, patterns, and development of a piece of music. ...

Contemporary Culture

People of Hamedan are very proud of their old history. Another source of their pride is Avicenna (aka Bouali, Buali, Ebn-e-sina, Pur-e-Sina) who is buried in Hamedan. In Hamedan, you can find primary schools, secondary schools, high schools, colleges, and the main city's university names after him. Also, there are many shops and businesses named after him. The main street of Hamedan is also named Bouali. Bouali Street is a very busy one and in fact, a favorite pastime of Hamedanians is to troll up and down the street where they frequently bump into their acquaintances.

Attractions

• Avicenna (Abu Ali Sina) Ibn Sina mausoleum
• Baba Tahir Mausleum
• Ali Sadr Cave
• Gonbad-e Alavian
• Ganj Nameh
• Hamedan Stone Lion
• Shrine of Esther and Mordechai
• Estakhr e Abbas Abad (an over-the-hill lake with a magnificent view to the city.
• Nazari House
• Hamedan Museum of Natural History
• Excavated Ancient Ekbatana City
• Ester & Mordekhai tomb
• Mohammadi House

Avicenna (latinized from Arab Ibn Sina; full name Abū ‘Alī al-Husayn ibn ‘Abd Allāh ibn Sīnā al-Balkhī; Persian: ‎ ; arabicized ; born 980, dead 1037) was a Persian [2][3] physician, philosopher, and scientist. ... Baba Tahers Mausoleum Baba Tahir , also spelled as Baba Taher, (in Persian: باباطاهر) was a Persian poet who lived in the 11th century. ... Ali Sadr Cave is a cave located about 100 kilometers north of Hamedan in western Iran . ... Ganj Nameh (literally Treasure epistle) is an ancient inscription, in 5 km southwest of Hamadan, on the side of Alvand Mountain. ... The Stone Lion of Hamedan sits in the middle of a park today in Hamedan. ...

Sister cities

• Kulyab, Tajikistan

Image File history File links Flag_of_Tajikistan. ... Kulyab (also transliterated as Kuliab or Kuljab) is a city in Tajikistan. ...

Colleges and universities

• 1. Bu-Ali Sina University
  2. University of Medical Sciences of Hamedan
  3. Islamic Azad University of Hamedan

Famous Hamedanians

• Abolhassan Banisadr, Economist, Politician, the first elected President of Iran
• Ardeshir Bahmani, A veteran teacher and a national expert on Hafez poems
• Baba-Taher-e Oryan, Iranian famous Poet (1100 A.c)
• Ein-alghozzat Hamedani, Great philosopher and sufist (1100 A.C)
• Fazlollah Zahedi, military general
• Fereydoun Moshiri, Originally is from Hamedan, but was born in Tehran, Contemporary Poet
• Hanieh Tawasolli, Iranian actress
• Hasan Habibi, Politician
• Hosseini Davar, a famous pro-Mossadeq poet
• Khosrow Golsorkhi, Military General, Champion against Mohammad reza Shah, Poet,
• Mirzadeh Eshghi, famous poet
• Mohammad fakhreddin-e Araghi, Iranian famous poet (1300 A.C)
• Parviz Parastouei, famous Iranian actor
• Shirin Ebadi, Lawyer, winner of the 2003 Nobel Peace Prize.
• Jalal Cheshmeh-Ghassabani, National Mountaineer who has successfully climbed Mount Everest twice
• Mirza Gholamhosein Bargharari, Great philosopher and poet

Abolhassan Banisadr Abolhassan Banisadr (Persian: ابوالحسن بنی‌صدر;born March 22, 1933) was the first elected President of Iran after the 1979 Iranian Revolution. ... Muhammad Fazlollah Zahedi (1897-1963) was an Iranian general and politician. ... Fereydoon Moshiri (1926-2000) Fereydoon Moshiri was born in September 1926 in Tehran to a family that was known to have a legacy of poetry. ... Hassan Ebrahim Habibi (in Persian: حسن ابراهیم حبیبی) (born 1937?) is an Iranian politician and scholar, presently the Head of Academy of Persian Language and Literature (from October 11, 2004, for four years), and a member of the High Council of Cultural Revolution. ... Mohammed Mossadegh (Persian: محمد مصدق‎) (May 19, 1882 - March 4, 1967) was prime minister of Iran from 1951 to 1953. ... There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ... Mirzadeh Eshghi was an emotional political poet. ... Parviz Parastui (also spelt Parviz Parastooee, Persian: ‎ , born 25 April 1955 in Hamedan, Iran) is an Iranian actor. ... Catherine Zeta Jones congratulating Shirin Ebadi at the Nobel Peace Prize concert in Oslo, December 11 2003. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Lester B. Pearson after accepting the Nobel Peace Prize The Nobel Peace Prize is the name of one of five Nobel Prizes bequested by the Swedish industrialist and inventor Alfred Nobel. ... Everest redirects here. ...

See also

• Ganj Nameh
• Baba Taher Orian
• Ali Sadr Cave

Ganj Nameh (literally Treasure epistle) is an ancient inscription, in 5 km southwest of Hamadan, on the side of Alvand Mountain. ... Baba Tahirs Mausoleum Baba Tahir was a Persian poet who lived in the 11th century. ... Ali Sadr Cave is a cave located about 100 kilometers north of Hamedan in western Iran . ...

External links

• Hamedan City
• Hamedan: Older than history
• Hamedan; Capital of Median Empire
• Iconos satellite photo (January, 2005)
• Google Satellite Picture
• Hamedan Mayor's Office
• Hamedan Cultural Heritage Organization
• Hegmataneh Official Website
• Hamadān entries in the Encyclopædia Iranica
• Various Photos of Hamedan - Photos of Esthers Shirne, Tomb of Avicenna, Gonbad Alavian, Tomb of Baba Taher, Stone Lion, Ganjnameh and the City.