Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono I, who was born as Raden Mas Sujana, was brother of Mataram king, Pakubuwono II of Surakarta. He was famous as Prince Mangkubumi before being a sultan of Yogyakarta Sultanate. He was son of Sunan Prabu of Mataram. Because of the dispution about the throne, he challenged Pakubuwono II who was helped by Dutch East Indian COmpany. This war was known as the third succession war in Mataram.

During the war, Prince Mangkubumi with his army commander in chief Raden Mas Said, acted as a genius strategic experts. He won the battle in Grobogan, Demak, and Bogowonto River. In Bogowonto River, the Dutch Army under De Clerck was destroyed in 1751. Before that, in 1749, Pakubuwono II died and the Crown Prince became king. In the later days, Raden Mas Said disputed with Prince Mangkubumi and he was granted land and title Mangkunegara.

The succession war ended when the Giyanti Treaty was signed in 1755 in Giyanti, east of Surakarta, the Mataram capital. According to the treaty Mataram was divided into two kingdoms, Surakarta with Pakubuwono III as king, and Yogyakarta Sultanate with Prince Mangkubumi as sultan with the title Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono I Senopati Ing Ngalaga Sayidin Panatagama Kalifatulah. Yogyakarta became capital and the new palace was built. The sultan also built Taman Sari, the water castle in the west of his palace. A sultan (Arabic: سلطان) is an Islamic title, with several historical meanings. ... Yogyakarta (also Jogjakarta in pre-1972 spelling or Jogja) is a city and province on the island of Java, Indonesia. ...

He died in 1792 and was buried in Astana Kasuwargan in Imogiri. He was succeeded by Hamengkubuwono II, his son.

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