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Han chauvinism (Simplified Chinese: 大汉族主义, 汉沙文主义, Traditional Chinese: 大漢族主義, 漢沙文主義) or Hanism (Simplified Chinese: 汉本位, Traditional Chinese: 漢本位) is a term which is used in mainland China, Taiwan, and Japan, referring to people carrying ethnocentric viewpoints that favor the Han Chinese majority ethnic group in China at the expense of the other minority ethnic groups, often under the assumption of cultural or racial superiority. Han chauvinists in the People's Republic of China often invent enemies of Manchus, Mongols and members of the Han nationality that oppose a monolithic view of the nationality. Han chauvinism is also sometimes manifest as nostalgia in the expansionist exploits by past Chinese dynasties, especially those identified with the Han nationality, but in some contexts also including the Qing Dynasty, a Manchu dynasty. Actions and speech that constitute the ethnocentric and ideological aspects of Han chauvinism (such as hate speech against minorities) are illegal in the People's Republic of China and are either banned or censored. Image File history File links Unbalanced_scales. ... Simplified Chinese characters (Simplified Chinese: 简体字; Traditional Chinese: 簡體字; pinyin: jiÇŽntǐzì; also Simplified Chinese: 简化字; Traditional Chinese: 簡化字; pinyin: jiÇŽnhuàzì) are one of two standard character sets of printed contemporary Chinese written language. ... Traditional Chinese characters are one of two standard character sets. ... Simplified Chinese characters (Simplified Chinese: 简体字; Traditional Chinese: 簡體字; pinyin: jiÇŽntǐzì; also Simplified Chinese: 简化字; Traditional Chinese: 簡化字; pinyin: jiÇŽnhuàzì) are one of two standard character sets of printed contemporary Chinese written language. ... Traditional Chinese characters are one of two standard character sets. ... The highlighted area in the map is what is commonly known as mainland China. Mainland China (Simplified Chinese: 中国大陆; Traditional Chinese: 中國大陸; pinyin: Zhōnggúo Dàlù; literally The Chinese Massive Landmass or Continental China) is an informal (disputed — see talk page) geographical term which is usually synonymous with the area... Han Chinese (Simplified Chinese: 汉族; Traditional Chinese: 漢族; Pinyin: hànzú) is a term which refers to the majority ethnic group within China and the largest single human ethnic group in the world. ... The Peoples Republic of China officially describes itself as a multinational unitary state and as such officially recognizes 56 nationalities or Mínzú (民族), within China: the Han being the majority (>92%), and the remaining 55 nationalities being the national minorities. ... The Manchu (Manchu: Manju; Simplified Chinese: , Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: MÇŽnzú, Mongolian: Манж) are a Tungusic people who originated in Manchuria (todays Northeast China). ... Honorary guard of Mongolia. ... Han Chinese (Simplified Chinese: 汉族; Traditional Chinese: 漢族; Pinyin: hànzú) is a term which refers to the majority ethnic group within China and the largest single human ethnic group in the world. ... Expansionism is the doctrine of expanding the territorial base (or economic influence) of a country, usually by means of military aggression. ... China is the worlds oldest continuous major civilization, with written records dating back about 3,500 years and with 5,000 years being commonly used by Chinese as the age of their civilization. ... Han Chinese (Simplified: 汉; Traditional: 漢; Pinyin: hàn) is a term which refers to the majority ethnic group within China and the largest single human ethnic group in the world. ... The Qing Dynasty (Chinese: ; Pinyin: QÄ«ng cháo; Wade-Giles: Ching chao; Manchu: daicing gurun), occasionally known as the Manchu Dynasty, is a Chinese term for the Empire of the Great Qing (Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: dàqÄ«ngguó), founded by the Manchu clan Aisin Gioro, in what...

The term, however, has been carelessly and often maliciously mislabeled onto the general Han Chinese population and on Han Chinese who show any interest or hobby toward Han Chinese culture and cultural activities (such as Han Chinese clothing and music). When used loosely and without a specific target, for example in the clause "The Han chauvinism amongst Chinese...", it implicates the general population of being racist. This consequently has made the term highly pejorative unless used specifically under the charges of racism and expansionism. A hobby is a spare-time recreational pursuit. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... A word or phrase is pejorative if it implies contempt or disapproval. ...

Those espousing chauvinistic attitudes often revive ancient pejorative and anachronistic terms to refer to other ethnic groups as "barbarians". In ancient times, the following terms were used by various peoples of the Zhongyuan (North China Plain) to refer to those peoples not under the political control or cultural influence of the main Chinese dynasty; however, many of these "barbarians" make up the bulk of today's Han Chinese ethnicity^{[citation needed]} (hence the below terms as used historically were geographic and cultural labels, rather than racial in the modern sense). The terms below, however, were also used by the Japanese to various extents, hence diluting the claim of their links specifically to Han chauvinism. // Barbarian is a perjorative term for an uncivilized, uncultured person, either in a general reference to a member of a nation or ethnos perceived as having an inferior level of civilization, or in an individual reference to a brutal, cruel, insensitive person whose behaviour is unacceptable in the purportedly civilized... The North China Plain (华北平原 Hua2bei3 Ping2yuan2) also called the Middle Plain (中原 Zhong1yuan2), is made of the deposits of the Huang He (Yellow River) and is the largest alluvial plain of eastern Asia. ... Han Chinese (Simplified Chinese: 汉族; Traditional Chinese: 漢族; Pinyin: hànzú) is a term which refers to the majority ethnic group within China and the largest single human ethnic group in the world. ...

• "Nanman" (Traditional Chinese: 南蠻, Simplified Chinese: 南蛮) – literally barbarians of the South - typically referring to southern ethnic groups in present-day South China, Southwestern China and Indo-China. Most of what were considered Nanman then are now Han Chinese (for example, the inhabitants of the province of Nanyue were originally labeled as Nanman, and today represent the Cantonese and various other subgroups of Han Chinese).
• "Xirong" (西戎) – originally an ancient ethnic group (Rong), this term was later used to refer to all non-Han ethnic groups in today's Northwestern China, who were mostly nomadic horsemen,
• "Beidi" (北狄) – originally an ancient ethnic group (Di), this term was later used to refer to all non-Han ethnic groups in today's Northern China, Mongolia, and Siberia, especially those who lived beyond the Great Wall.
• "Dongyi" (Traditional Chinese: 東夷, Simplified Chinese: 东夷) – literally barbarians (or archers) of the East, referring to ancient ethnic groups who lived in today's eastern China along the coast, including groups which have now been assimilated into the Han nationality.

In Taiwan, Han chauvinism is also used to accuse a preference for the culture and languages of Mainland Chinese over the local cultures of Taiwan, both Han Chinese and non-Han. It is most often used by pro-independence groups to attack pro-reunification groups and the Nationalists (KMT) who came from the mainland after their defeat to Communist Party of China in 1949. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Traditional Chinese characters are one of two standard character sets. ... Simplified Chinese characters (Simplified Chinese: 简体字; Traditional Chinese: 簡體字; pinyin: jiÇŽntǐzì; also Simplified Chinese: 简化字; Traditional Chinese: 簡化字; pinyin: jiÇŽnhuàzì) are one of two standard character sets of printed contemporary Chinese written language. ... North China (北方 Hanyu pinyin: Běifāng) and South China (南方 Hanyu pinyin: Nánfāng) are two approximate regions within China. ... Indochina, or French Indochina, was a federation of French colonies and protectorates in south-east Asia, part of the French colonial empire. ... Cantonese people (Traditional Chinese: 廣東人; Simplified Chinese: 广东人; Pinyin: GuÇŽngdōng rén; Jyutping: gwong2 dung1 yan4), broadly speaking, are persons originating from the present-day Guangdong province in southern China. ... Chionites (OIONO/Xiyon/西戎/Hiun/Hion) became noted around 320 CE when they began to encroach upon Khorasan and the frontiers of the Kushan state. ... Northwestern China (西北,xÄ«bÄ›i) includes Xinjiang, Xizang(Tibet), Ningxia, and Gansu. ... Beidi (北狄) is a term which originally denoted an ancient ethnic group (Di) but is now used to refer to all non-Han ethnic groups in todays Northern China, Mongolia, and Siberia, especially those who lived beyond the Great Wall. ... Alternative meaning: In geology, North China (continent) and South China (continent) were two ancient landmasses that correspond to modern northern and southern China. ... Siberian Federal District (dark red) and the broadest definition of Siberia (red) Udachnaya pipe Siberia (Russian: , Sibir; Tatar: ) is a vast region of Russia constituting almost all of Northern Asia. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Han chauvinism (大汉族主义) or Hanism (汉本位) is a highly pejorative term which is used in the Peoples Republic of China to refer to policies and viewpoints which favor the Han Chinese majority ethnic group in China at the expense of the other minority ethnic groups. ... Traditional Chinese characters are one of two standard character sets. ... Simplified Chinese characters (Simplified Chinese: 简体字; Traditional Chinese: 簡體字; pinyin: jiÇŽntǐzì; also Simplified Chinese: 简化字; Traditional Chinese: 簡化字; pinyin: jiÇŽnhuàzì) are one of two standard character sets of printed contemporary Chinese written language. ... Han Chinese (Simplified Chinese: 汉族; Traditional Chinese: 漢族; Pinyin: hànzú) is a term which refers to the majority ethnic group within China and the largest single human ethnic group in the world. ... Taiwan independence (Traditional Chinese: 台灣獨立; Pinyin: , Pe̍h-oÄ“-jÄ«: Tâi-oân To̍k-li̍p; abbreviated to 台獨, Táidú, Tâi-to̍k) is a political movement whose goal is primarily to create an independent and sovereign Republic of Taiwan (out of the lands currently administered by the... Chinese (re)unification (Traditional Chinese: 中國統一; Simplified Chinese: 中国统一; Pinyin: ) is a goal of Chinese nationalism that refers to the reunification of all of China under a single political entity. ... KMT is the Nationalist Party of China. ... The Communist Party of China (CPC) (official name) also known as Chinese Communist Party (CCP) (Simplified Chinese: 中国共产党; Traditional Chinese: 中國共産黨; Pinyin: Zhōngguó GòngchÇŽndÇŽng) is the ruling political party of the Peoples Republic of China. ...

In the People's Republic of China, the term Han chauvinism is also used by some members of ethnic minority groups as justification for separatist movements. The Peoples Republic of China officially describes itself as a multinational unitary state and as such officially recognizes 56 nationalities or Mínzú (民族), within China: the Han being the majority (>92%), and the remaining 55 nationalities being the national minorities. ... Political separatism is a movement to obtain sovereignty and split a territory or group of people (usually a people with a distinctive national consciousness) from one another (or one nation from another; a colony from the metropolis). ...

See also

• anti-Manchurism
• anti-Altaicism
• Chinese nationalism
• Hui pan-nationalism
• Xungen movement
• Sinocentrism

To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The May Fourth Movement in 1919 marked a turning point in the history of Chinese nationalism. ... Hui pan-nationalism refers to the post-1949 phenomenon of a sense of common nationhood kindled among diverse communities of Chinese-speaking Muslims, due to the dialectics between the Hui nationality designation by the Communist government and the process of modernization of traditional Muslim Chinese groups and individuals. ... The Xungen movement (寻根 Pinyin: xún gēn), or Searching for Roots, is a cultural and literary movement on Mainland China that began in the late-1980s and involves an emphasis on local and minority cultures. ... The Sinocentric World: The area of usage of Chinese characters at its maximum extent (to a considerable extent following the borders of the Qing dynasty). ...

References

• ↑  Taro Yayama, "Japan Should Not Participate in China's 'East Asian Community' Conspiracy – Japan Should Learn From European Union Development Environment." Sankei Shimbun, December 24, 2005