NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Handley Page Type O

The Handley Page Type O was an early bomber aircraft used by Britain during World War I. At the time, it was the largest aircraft that had been built in the UK and one of the largest in the world. It was built in two major versions, the Handley Page O/100 (H.P.11) and Handley Page O/400 (H.P.12). Andover Airfield is a former Royal Flying Corps and Royal Air Force station now used by the Army Air Corps. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... Image File history File linksMetadata HandleyPageO400. ... The Rolls-Royce Eagle V12 was a 12 cylinder 60 degree V12 aero engine of 20 Liters capacity. ... The Lewis Gun was a pre-WWI era British machine gun that continued to see service all the way through WWII. It is visually distinctive because of the wide tubular cooling shroud around the barrel, and the top mounted drum magazines. ... The Handley Page Aircraft Company was founded by Frederick Handley Page in 1909. ... A bomber is a military aircraft designed to attack ground targets, primarily by dropping bombs. ... Combatants Allied Powers: British Empire France Italy Russia United States Central Powers: Austria-Hungary Bulgaria Germany Ottoman Empire Commanders Ferdinand Foch Georges Clemenceau Victor Emmanuel III Luigi Cadorna Armando Diaz Nicholas II Aleksei Brusilov Herbert Henry Asquith Douglas Haig John Jellicoe Woodrow Wilson John Pershing Wilhelm II Paul von Hindenburg...

History

When Britain entered the War in August 1914 the Royal Air Force had not yet been formed and the army and the navy were competing for control of aircraft production. Handley Page, then established around five years, offered their services to both the army and the navy, but past difficulties over a contract to manufacture BE.2a aircraft had led to some friction with the War Office and Farnborough. In the climate of inter-service rivalry it was natural that what the army disdained the navy would take up with alacrity, and the Director of the Navy's Air Department, Captain Murray Sueter, was quick to take up Handley Page's offer. Early drafts of coastal patrol models internally designated M/200 and MS/200 (for their 200hp engines) were discussed, but Seuter's technical advisor, Harris Booth, favoured a large seaplane for coastal patrol and dockyard defence, capable also of bombing the German High Seas Fleet at its base in Kiel, and a prototype had already been commissioned from J Samuel White & Co. of Cowes. 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday. ... cunt sauce? ... Interservice rivalry is a military term referring to rivalries that can arise between different branches of a countrys armed forces, such as between a nations land forces (army) and naval forces. ...

The threat posed by German Zeppelin bombers seemed very real, and the Admiralty had been given the task of defending Britain from air attack, something for which it was completely unprepared. Since the difficulty of intercepting the Zeppelins themselves was an unknown quantity, the Admiralty decided to focus on a strategy of attacking their bases and factories instead. In practice, this proved difficult, given the limitations in range of the aircraft of the day and the small bomb loads they could carry. It was clear that in order to be effective, the Royal Naval Air Service needed a much larger aircraft. Commander Samson had called urgently from Flanders for "a bloody paralyser" to hold back the German advance on Antwerp, a phrase which was relayed and became the nickname of the O/100. Against this background, then, a specification was issued in December 1914 for a long-range patrol bomber. Painting of the famous Zeppelin Hindenburg. ... Old Admiralty House, Whitehall, London, Thomas Ripley, architect, 1723-26, was not admired by his contemporaries and earned him some scathing couplets from Alexander Pope The Admiralty was historically the authority in the United Kingdom responsible for the command of the Royal Navy. ... Personnel of No 1 Squadron RNAS in late 1914 The Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS) was the air arm of the Royal Navy until near the end of World War I, when it merged with the British Armys Royal Flying Corps (RFC) to form the Royal Air Force. ... 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday. ... A patrol bomber, or patrol aircraft, is an airplane designed to operate for long times over water in an anti-shipping or anti-submarine role. ...

Handley Page responded with an enormous biplane with a wingspan of 100 feet (30 m) (the original source of the O/100 designation). The first prototype flew on December 7, 1915 and featured a glazed cockpit and extensive armour around the crew compartment and engines. The aircraft proved somewhat underpowered, so the glazing and armour were deleted on the second prototype that flew the following April and formed the basis for series production of the machine. In August, sufficient O/100s were available to form an operational squadron that was based in France by the end of 1916. Their first combat came on the night of March 16, 1917 when they were sent in to bomb a railway junction. A total of 46 of the O/100s were built. December 7 is the 341st day (342nd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1916 (MCMXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... March 16 is the 75th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (76th in Leap years). ... 1917 (MCMXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar. ...

The success of the type prompted the development of an uprated version with more powerful engines and other refinements, designated the O/400. First flying in 1918, over 400 were supplied before the Armistice. Another 107 were licence-built in the USA by the Standard Aircraft Corporation (out of a total order of 1,500 by the air corps). In service, the O/400s could carry a new 1,650 lb (750 kg) bomb and were deployed in force, with up to 40 aircraft participating in a raid. A single O/400 also served with 1 Squadron, Australian Flying Corps in the Middle East. 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... The RAAF Roundel is based on that of the British Royal Air Force, with the central circle replaced by a Kangaroo, a symbol of Australia. ...

After the war, O/400s remained in British service until replaced by the Vickers Vimy towards the end of 1919. About 10 war-surplus aircraft were converted for civilian use in the UK and India by Handley Page's pioneering airline, Handley Page Transport. A final few bombers were manufactured for China's army under the designation O/7. The Vickers Vimy was a British heavy bomber aircraft of the World War I era. ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...

The legacy of the aircraft was such that for many years after the war, any large aircraft came to be called a "Handley Page" in Britain. Furthermore, the aircraft plays a prominent part in the short story "Turnabout" by William Faulkner; the story provides a insider's view of what it was like to fly the Type O in combat. Image File history File links Handley_Page_0_100_aircraft. ... Image File history File links Handley_Page_0_100_aircraft. ... Personnel of No 1 Squadron RNAS in late 1914 The Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS) was the air arm of the Royal Navy until near the end of World War I, when it merged with the British Armys Royal Flying Corps (RFC) to form the Royal Air Force. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... William Cuthbert Faulkner (September 25, 1897 â€“ July 6, 1962) was a Nobel Prize winning novelist from Mississippi. ...

The importance of the Type O to the company cannot be underestimated, establishing the firm as a maker of large multi-engine aircraft as well as establishing an uneasy relationship with the defence ministry which is credited by former employees as the reason why no Halifax was placed in preservation, and for the greater prominence given to the Avro Vulcan over the (technically superior) Victor. The Handley Page Halifax was one of the British front-line, four-engine heavy bombers of the Royal Air Force during the Second World War. ... The Avro Vulcan was a British delta-wing subsonic bomber, operated by the Royal Air Force from 1953 until 1984. ... The Handley Page Victor was a British jet bomber aircraft, one of the V bombers intended to carry Britains nuclear arsenal. ...

Prior to 1924, Handley Page used an alphabetical system for aircraft designations and thus, the Type O followed the Type M and Type N. Nevertheless, the Type O aircraft are very frequently misnamed as "Handley Page 0/100" and "0/400" in publications, the numeral "0" replacing the letter "O". Curiously, Handley Page had previously conspicuously avoided using the designation "Type I", presumably to avoid confusion with the numeral "1" but apparently neglected to consider that "O" would create a similar problem.

Specifications (variant described)

General characteristics

Performance

Operators

Civil

Military

The RAAF Roundel is based on that of the British Royal Air Force, with the central circle replaced by a Kangaroo, a symbol of Australia. ... The Royal Air Force (RAF) is the air force branch of the British Armed Forces. ... The Royal Flying Corps (RFC) was the over-land air arm of the British military during most of World War I. Origin and Early History Formed by Royal Warrant on May 13, 1912, the RFC superseded the Air Battalion of the Royal Engineers. ... Personnel of No 1 Squadron RNAS in late 1914 The Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS) was the air arm of the Royal Navy until near the end of World War I, when it merged with the British Armys Royal Flying Corps (RFC) to form the Royal Air Force. ...

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