An ancient depiction of the Hanging Gardens. Irrigation on a man-made slope.

Gardens of Semiramis, 20th century interpretation

The Hanging Gardens of Babylon (also known as Hanging Gardens of Semiramis) (near present-day Al Hillah in Iraq) are considered one of the original Seven Wonders of the World. They were built by Nebuchadnezzar II around 600 BCE. He is reported to have constructed the gardens to please his wife, Amytis of Media, who longed for the trees and fragrant plants of her homeland.^[1] The gardens were destroyed in an earthquake after the 1st century BCE. Hanging Gardens may refer to: The Hanging Gardens of Babylon in Iraq Terraces (Baháí), also known as the Hanging Gardens of Haifa, in Israel The Hanging Gardens of Mumbai, in India Hanging Gardens (album), an album by Nico See also: The Hanging Garden (disambiguation) Category: ... Download high resolution version (1008x633, 80 KB)Hanging Gardens of Babylon This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Download high resolution version (1008x633, 80 KB)Hanging Gardens of Babylon This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... image from book published in 1912 (Petit Larousse) This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... image from book published in 1912 (Petit Larousse) This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... For other uses, see Babylon (disambiguation). ... Semiramis is depicted as an armed Amazon in this eighteenth century Italian illustration. ... For other uses, see Wonders of the World (disambiguation). ... Nebuchadnezzar (or Nebudchadrezzar) II (ca. ... Amytis of Media was the daughter or granddaughter of the Median king Cyaxares and the wife of Nebuchadrezzar II. Married to Nebuchadrezzar to formalize the alliance between the Babylonian and Median dynasties, it is reported that Amytis homesickness led to the construction of the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, as Nebuchadrezzar...

The lush Hanging Gardens are extensively documented by Greek historians such as Strabo and Diodorus Siculus. Through the ages, the location may have been confused with gardens that existed at Nineveh, whose king at the time was Nimrod, since tablets from there clearly show gardens. Writings on these tablets describe the possible use of something similar to an Archimedes' screw as a process of raising the water to the required height. This article is about the study of time in human terms. ... The Greek geographer Strabo in a 16th century engraving. ... Diodorus Siculus (c. ... , For other uses, see Nineveh (disambiguation). ... In the Bible and in legend, Nimrod (Standard Hebrew נִמְרוֹד Nimrod, Tiberian Hebrew נִמְרֹד Nimrōḏ), son of Cush, grandson of Ham, great-grandson of Noah, was a Mesopotamian monarch and a mighty hunter before Yahweh. He is mentioned in the Table of Nations (Genesis 10), in the First Book of Chronicles, and... Archimedes screw. ...

Greek References

The Greek Historian

"Babylon, too, lies in a plain; and the circuit of its wall is three hundred and eighty-five stadia. The thickness of its wall is thirty-two feet; the height thereof between the towers is fifty cubits; that of the towers is sixty cubits; and the passage on top of the wall is such that four-horse chariots can easily pass one another; and it is on this account that this and the hanging garden are called one of the Seven Wonders of the World. The garden is quadrangular in shape, and each side is four plethra in length. It consists of arched vaults, which are situated, one after another, on checkered, cube-like foundations. The checkered foundations, which are hollowed out, are covered so deep with earth that they admit of the largest of trees, having been constructed of baked brick and asphalt — the foundations themselves and the vaults and the arches. The ascent to the uppermost terrace-roofs is made by a stairway; and alongside these stairs there were screws, through which the water was continually conducted up into the garden from the Euphrates by those appointed for this purpose. For the river, a stadium in width, flows through the middle of the city; and the garden is on the bank of the river."^[2] Introduction Many systems of weights and measures have existed throughout history in different civilisations. ... For the unit of information, see qubit Cubit is the name for the ancient Egyptian and Sumerian units of measure. ... Binomial name Equus caballus Linnaeus, 1758 The horse (Equus caballus, sometimes seen as a subspecies of the Wild Horse, Equus ferus caballus) is a large odd-toed ungulate mammal, one of ten modern species of the genus Equus. ... For the torpedo-shaped underwater vehicle ridden by two frogmen, sometimes referred to as a chariot, see Human torpedo. ... Plethron Plethron, Plethrum Plethrum, n. ... A foundation is a structure that transmits loads from a building or road to the underlying ground. ... Asphalt is a sticky, black and highly viscous liquid or semi-solid that is present in most crude petroleums and in some natural deposits. ... Look up terrace in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A roof is the top covering of a building that prevents the ingress of weather into the building interior. ... For the song River Euphrates by the Pixies, see Surfer Rosa. ... Introduction Many systems of weights and measures have existed throughout history in different civilisations. ...

The Greek Historian Diodorus:

"The Garden was 100 feet long by 100 feet wide and built up in tiers so that it resembled a theater. Vaults had been constructed under the ascending terraces which carried the entire weight of the planted garden; the uppermost vault, which was seventy-five feet high, was the highest part of the garden, which, at this point, was on the same level as the city walls. The roofs of the vaults which supported the garden were constructed of stone beams some sixteen feet long, and over these were laid first a layer of reeds set in thick tar, then two courses of baked brick bonded by cement, and finally a covering of lead to prevent the moisture in the soil penetrating the roof. On top of this roof enough topsoil was heaped to allow the biggest trees to take root. The earth was leveled off and thickly planted with every kind of tree. And since the galleries projected one beyond the other, where they were sunlit, they contained conduits for the water which was raised by pumps in great abundance from the river, though no one outside could see it being done."^[3] For other usages see Theatre (disambiguation) Theater (American English) or Theatre (British English and widespread usage among theatre professionals in the US) is that branch of the performing arts concerned with acting out stories in front of an audience using combinations of speech, gesture, music, dance, sound and spectacle &#8212... Dew on a spider web Moldy bread Moisture generally refers to the presence of water, often in trace amounts. ... Loess field in Germany Surface-water-gley developed in glacial till, Northern Ireland Technically, soil forms the pedosphere: the interface between the lithosphere (rocky part of the planet) and the biosphere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere. ... Topsoil is the uppermost layer of soil, usually the top six to eight inches. ... gallery may be short for Art gallery a gallery is an element in architecture, a long hallway flanked with walls or rows of columns Gallery is an open-source package that allows users to create and manage image galleries on their web sites. ... A conduit is a general term for a means of conveying something from one location to another or between persons. ...

Other references

Scriptores Rerum Alexandrii Magni

"And then there were the Hanging Gardens. Paracleisos going up to the top is like climbing a mountain. Each terrace rises up from the last like the syrinx, the pipes of pan, which are made of several tubes of unequal length. This gives the appearance of a theater. It was flanked by perfectly constructed walls twenty-five feet thick. The galleries were roofed with stone balconies. Above these there was the first of a bed of reeds with a great quantity of bitumen, then a double layer of baked bricks set in gypsum, then over that a covering of lead so that moisture from the soil heaped above it would not seep through. The earth was deep enough to contain the roots of the many varieties of trees which fascinated the beholder with their great size and their beauty. There was also a passage which had pipes leading up to the highest level and machinery for raising water through which great quantities of water were drawn from the river, with none of the process being visible from the outside."^[4] For other uses, see Mountain (disambiguation). ... According to Bulfinchs Mythology, Syrinx (Greek Συριγξ) was a nymph and a follower of Artemis, known for her chastity. ... A balcony Balcony (from Italian balco, scaffold; cf. ... Binomial name Phragmites australis (Cav. ... Ewer from Iran, dated 1180-1210CE. Composed of brass worked in repoussé and inlaid with silver and bitumen. ... It has been suggested that Selenite be merged into this article or section. ... In the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy roleplaying game, the beholder is a fictional monster. ... Look up Outside in Wiktionary, the free dictionary Things commonly named outside include: Outside — a magazine 1. ...

Did they exist?

There is some controversy as to whether the Hanging Gardens were an actual creation or a poetic creation due to the lack of documentation of them in the chronicles of Babylonian history. In ancient writings the Hanging Gardens of Babylon were first described by Berossus, a Chaldean priest who lived in the late 4th century BCE. These accounts were later elaborated on by Greek historians.^[5] Most often, Chronicles refers to the biblical Books of Chronicles. ... For other uses, see Babylon (disambiguation). ... This article cites its sources but does not provide page references. ... Look up Chaldean in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... This article is about religious workers. ...

Recent archaeological excavations of the palace in Iraq have uncovered evidence of a building with vaults and a well nearby. However, the location of the palace complex contradicts where Greek historians placed the Hanging Gardens, which was on the banks of the Euphrates River.^[5]

However, recently there have been excavations on the banks of the Euphrates River of some substantial 25 meter-thick walls.^[5] Also, excavations have shown that there may be some seeds scattered around this area.

References

This article is about the city in Connecticut. ... Yale redirects here. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 223rd day of the year (224th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Hanging Gardens of Babylon

• Seven Wonders of the World: The Hanging Gardens of Babylon
• Technology and Culture Volume 44, Number 1, January 2003 Dalley, Stephanie. Oleson, John Peter. "Sennacherib, Archimedes, and the Water Screw: The Context of Invention in the Ancient World"