La Poupée, by Hans Bellmer, currently located at the Centre Georges Pompidou, museum of modern art in Paris, France.

Hans Bellmer (1902 Katowice, Germany – 23 February 1975 Paris, France) was an artist, best known for the life-sized pubescent female dolls he produced in the mid-1930s after the rise to power of the Nazi Party in 1933. He is also commonly thought of, in the art world, as a Surrealist photographer. Poupee, by Hans Bellmer Photo taken and copyrighted by A. C. Schwortz, November 2003 at the Pompidou Museum for modern art in Paris, France. ... It has been suggested that Musée National dArt Moderne be merged into this article or section. ... Modern art is a general term used for most of the artistic production from the late 19th century until approximately the 1970s. ... Part of the Paris skyline with from left to right: Montparnasse Tower, Eiffel Tower, and in the background, towers of neighboring La Défense. ... 1902 (MCMII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Panorama of Katowice at night Katowice (pronunciation: [] (Czech: Katovice, German: Kattowitz) is an important city of the historical region of Upper Silesia in southern Poland on the KÅ‚odnica and Rawa rivers. ... February 23 is the 54th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday. ... Part of the Paris skyline with from left to right: Montparnasse Tower, Eiffel Tower, and in the background, towers of neighboring La Défense. ... Puberty refers to the process of physical changes by which a childs body becomes an adult body capable of reproduction. ... Look up doll in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The (German: Nazional- socialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (NSDAP) [National Socialist German Workers Party]); generally known in English as the Nazi Party, was a political party in Germany between 1920 and 1945. ... Surrealism is an artistic movement and an aesthetic philosophy that aims for the liberation of the mind by emphasizing the critical and imaginative powers of the subconscious. ... This is a list of notable photographers in the art, documentary and fashion traditions. ...

Since 1926 he had been working as a draftsman for his own advertising company. He initiated his doll project to oppose the fascism of the Nazi Party by declaring that he would make no work that would support the German state. Represented by mutated forms and unconventional poses, his dolls were directed specifically at the cult of the perfect body then prominent in Germany. Bellmer was influenced in his choice of art form by reading the published letters of Oskar Kokoschka (Der Fetisch, 1925). 1926 (MCMXXVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... Fascism is a radical political ideology that combines elements of corporatism, authoritarianism, nationalism, militarism, anti-anarchism, anti-communism and anti-liberalism. ... The (German: Nazional- socialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (NSDAP) [National Socialist German Workers Party]); generally known in English as the Nazi Party, was a political party in Germany between 1920 and 1945. ... Oskar Kokoschka (March 1, 1886-February 22, 1980) was an Austrian artist and poet of Czech origin, best known for his intense expressionistic portraits and landscapes. ... 1925 (MCMXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ...

He visited Paris in 1935 and made contacts there such as Paul Éluard, but returned to Berlin because his wife Margarete was dying of tuberculosis. Part of the Paris skyline with from left to right: Montparnasse Tower, Eiffel Tower, and in the background, towers of neighboring La Défense. ... 1935 (MCMXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... It appears that this entire article has been copied and pasted from http://www. ... It has been suggested that Antituberculant be merged into this article or section. ...

Bellmer's 1934 anonymous book The Doll (Die Puppe), produced and published privately in Germany, contains 10 black-and-white photographs of Bellmer's first doll arranged in a series of "tableaux vivants" (living pictures). The book was not credited to him, he worked in isolation, and his photographs remained almost unknown in Germany. Yet Bellmer's work was eventually declared "degenerate" by the Nazi Party, and he was forced to flee Germany to France in 1938. 1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... Tableau vivant, Folies Bergères c. ... Joseph Goebbels, Adolf Hitler and Adolf Ziegler visit the Nazi exhibition of degenerate art. ... 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ...

His work was welcomed in the Parisian art culture of the time, especially the Surrealists under André Breton, because of the references to female beauty and the sexualization of the youthful form. His photographs were published in the Surrealist journal Minotaure. Being known among the avante-garde did not, however, prevent him from being imprisoned in the Camp des Milles prison at Aix-en-Provence for most of World War II. Part of the Paris skyline with from left to right: Montparnasse Tower, Eiffel Tower, and in the background, towers of neighboring La Défense. ... Surrealism is an artistic movement and an aesthetic philosophy that aims for the liberation of the mind by emphasizing the critical and imaginative powers of the subconscious. ... André Breton (February 18, 1896 – September 28, 1966) was a French writer, poet, and surrealist theorist. ... Minotaure (1933 to 1939) was a primarily Surrealist-oriented publication founded by Albert Skira in Paris. ... Fountain by Marcel Duchamp. ... The Camp des Milles (Bouches-du-Rhône) was a French concentration camp, opened in September 1939, in a former tile factory near the town of Les Milles. ... Aix (prounounced eks), or, to distinguish it from other cities built over hot springs, Aix-en-Provence is a city in southern France, some 30 km north of Marseille. ... This article is becoming very long. ...

After the war, Bellmer lived the rest of his life in Paris. Bellmer gave up doll making, and spent the following decades creating erotic drawings, etchings, sexually explicit photographs, paintings and prints of pubescent girls. In 1954 he met Unica Zürn, who became his long-time model. He continued making work into the 1960s. Sexually explicit material (video, photography, creative writing) presents sexual content without deliberately obscuring or censoring it. ... Unica Zürn, German author and painter born in Berlin-Grunewald July 6, 1916 and died in Paris in 1970. ... The 1960s decade refers to the years from 1960 to 1969, inclusive. ...

Doll

The doll from Bellmer's 1934 work pioneered in form and meaning of similar dolls.

Bellmer's doll developed from a series of three events in his personal life: meeting a beautiful teenage cousin in 1932; attending a performance of Jacques Offenbach's Tales of Hoffmann (in which a man falls tragically in love with an automaton); and receiving a box of his old toys. After these events he began to construct his first doll. Tales of Hoffmann (Les contes dHoffmann) is an opera by Jacques Offenbach. ...

In his works, Bellmer explicitly sexualized the doll as a young girl. On the other hand, the doll incorporated the principle of "ball joint" , which was inspired by a pair of sixteenth-century articulated wooden dolls in the Kaiser Friedrich Museum^[1]. The Bode Museum The Bode Museum belongs to the group of museums on Museum Island in Berlin and is a historically preserved building. ...

Reactions to Bellmer's works

On 19th Sept 2006, London's influential Whitechapel Art Gallery withdrew several works from a major 150-work Bellmer retrospective exhibition, due to fears of "offending" London's radical Islamic groups. Reuters News service article The Whitechapel Gallery, founded 1901, was one of the first publicly-funded galleries for temporary exhibitions in London. ... For other uses, including people named Islam, see Islam (disambiguation). ...

References to Bellmer's work

• The female robots in the Japanese film Innocence: Ghost in the Shell are based on Bellmer's design. In one scene, his name is shown in an open book. There was even a doll created for the movie modeled in the same general style. His book "The Doll" appears briefly in the movie "Ghost in the Shell 2: Innocence" as a plot device.
• Japanese manga artist Mitsukazu Mihara has acknowledged influence by Bellmer in her manga Doll.
• "Guys 'n' Dolls: Art, Science, Fashion & Relationships". [2] A major exhibition held during the Brighton Festival in 2005 of artists who have worked with the doll, with exhibits from Hans Bellmer, Oskar Kokoschka, Man Ray, Paula Rego, Patric Old, and more.
• There may be a possible reference to Bellmer's work in the videogame Silent Hill 2 - one of the enemy character designs called Mannequins have 2 pairs of legs connected somewhere around the hip, is strikingly similar. However, the Mannequin monsters appear to have less of a torso than Bellmer's sculptures and appear immediately more sexual. But they do seem to be made of plastic.
• The famous 1966 "Butcher Sleeve" photograph of The Beatles by Robert Whitaker was strongly influenced by Belmer's work. The "Butcher" image, depicting The Beatles draped with slabs of meat and dismembered doll parts became famous when it was used as the front cover photo for the Capitol Records U.S.A. Beatles compilation album Yesterday and Today in 1966. The album was briefly released with the Whitaker photo, but almost all copies of the original release were hastily withdrawn after a storm of complaints from retailers. Original copies of the "Butcher Sleeve" version of the LP have since become among the most valuable LPs ever released.
• The Brooklyn based punk-goth trio Bellmer Dolls derived their name from Bellmer's famed war era work

Batou, the protagonist. ... 2nd English edition of InuYasha Vol. ... Mitsukazu Mihara (三原ミツカズ Mihara Mitsukazu) (born October 17, 1970) is an influencial Japanese illustrator credited with helping shape the GothLoli look through her work in the Gothic & Lolita Bible, as well as in other subsequent manga (notably her aclaimed Doll series). ... 2nd English edition of InuYasha Vol. ... Brighton is located on the south coast of England and together with its immediate neighbour Hove forms the city of Brighton & Hove. ... Man Ray photographed by Carl Van Vechten, 1934 Man Ray (August 27, 1890–November 18, 1976) was an American Dada and Surrealist artist. ... Paula Figueiroa Rego, GCSE, pron. ... Silent Hill 2 is the second installment in the survival horror series. ... The Beatles were an English rock group from Liverpool. ... Robert Whitaker (born 1939) is a renowned British photographer, best known internationally for his many photographs of The Beatles, taken between 1964 and 1966, and for his photographs of the rock group Cream, which were used in the Martin Sharp-designed collage on the cover of their 1967 LP Disraeli... Capitol Records is a major United States-based record label, owned by EMI. // History The Capitol Records company was founded by the songwriter Johnny Mercer in 1942, with the financial help of movie producer Buddy DeSylva and the business acumen of Glenn Wallichs, (1910-1971) (owner of Music City, at...

Further reading

• Hans Bellmer: Anatomie du Désir (2006, [Éditions Gallimard / Centre Pompidou]).
• Sue Taylor. Hans Bellmer: The Anatomy of Anxiety (2002, MIT Press).
• ↑ Sue Taylor. Hans Bellmer in The Art Institute of Chicago: The Wandering Libido and the Hysterical Body. (The Art Institute of Chicago).
• Pierre Dourthe. Hans Bellmer: Le Principe de Perversion. (1999, France).
• Therese Lichtenstein, Behind Closed Doors: The Art of Hans Bellmer, University of California Press, 2001.

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External links

• Hans Bellmer in The Art Institute of Chicago: The Wandering Libido and the Hysterical Body by Sue Taylor.