Hans Freyer, born July 31, 1887 in Leipzig, died January 18, 1969 in Ebersteinburg near Wiesbaden, was an important, conservative German sociologist and philosopher. July 31 is the 212th day (213th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 153 days remaining, as the final day of July. ... 1887 is a common year starting on Saturday (click on link for calendar). ... Leipzig â–¶(?) [] (Sorbian/Lusatian: Lipsk) is the largest city in the federal state (Bundesland) of Saxony in Germany. ... January 18 is the 18th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1969 (MCMLXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday For other uses, see Number 1969. ... Wiesbaden is a city in central Germany. ... Conservatism or political conservatism is any of several historically related political philosophies or political ideologies. ... Sociology is the study of the social lives of humans, groups and societies. ... A philosopher is a person devoted to studying and producing results in philosophy. ...

Life

Freyer began studying theology, national economics, history and philosophy in Greifswald in 1907, with the aim of becoming a Lutheran theologian. A year later he moved to Leipzig, where he initially took the same courses, but then gave up the theological parts. He gained his doctorate in 1911. His early works on the philosophy of life had an influence on the German youth movement. In 1920 he qualified as a university lecturer, and in 1922 he became a professor at the university of Kiel. Theology is reasoned discourse concerning God (Greek θεος, theos, God, + λογος, logos, word or reason). It also refers to the study of other religious topics. ... One of the most famous quotations about history and the value of studying history by Spanish philosopher, George Santayana, reads: Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it. ... These five broad types of question are called analytical or logical, epistemological, ethical, metaphysical, and aesthetic respectively. ... Greifswald (German Greif=griffin, Wald=forest) is a city in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany. ... 1907 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... The Lutheran movement is a group of denominations of Protestant Christianity by the original definition. ... Leipzig ▶(?) [] (Sorbian/Lusatian: Lipsk) is the largest city in the federal state (Bundesland) of Saxony in Germany. ... 1911 was a common year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar). ... A Youth organization is a formal organization aimed at children and adolescents for education and socialization. ... 1920 is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar) // Events WIKIPEDIA EATS VAGINA January 7 - Forces of Russian White admiral Kolchak surrender in Krasnoyarsk. ... 1922 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Statistics State: Schleswig-Holstein District: Independent city Area: 113. ...

In 1925, moving on to the University of Leipzig, Freyer founded the university's sociology department. He led the department until 1948. In Leipzig, he developed a branch of sociology with a strongly historical basis, the Leipzig School. From 1938 to 1944 Freyer was the head of the German Institute for Culture in Budapest. 1925 was a common year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... The University of Leipzig (Universität Leipzig), located in Leipzig in the Free State and former Kingdom of Saxony, is one of the oldest universities in Europe. ... Social interactions of people and their consequences are the subject of sociology studies. ... 1948 is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Leipzig school was a branch of sociology developed by a group of academics led by philosopher and sociologist Hans Freyer at the University of Leipzig, Germany in the 1930s. ... 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1944 was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... Budapest seen from north. ...

Freyer was Protestant and married Käthe Lübeck; they had four children together. Protestantism is a general grouping of denominations within Christianity. ...

After the Second World War, Freyer's position in Leipzig, now in the Soviet occupation zone, became untenable, and in 1948 he took up a position in Wiesbaden at the Brockhaus publishing company. He took up lecturing again for only another three years, from 1953 to 1955, at the University of Münster and for a short time in 1954 in Ankara where he helped set up an institute for sociology. Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ... State motto (Russian): Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь! (Transliterated: Proletarii vsekh stran, soedinyaytes!) (Translated: Workers of the world, unite!) Capital Moscow Official language None; Russian (de facto) Government Federation of Socialist republics/ Communist state Area  - Total  - % water Largest on the planet 22,402,200 km² ?% Population  - Total  - Density 3rd before collapse 293,047,571 (July... 1948 is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... Wiesbaden is a city in central Germany. ... Brockhaus is a German encyclopedia. ... 1953 (MCMLIII) is a common year starting on Thursday. ... 1955 (MCMLV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The University of Münster (German Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, WWU) is a public university located in the city of Münster, North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany. ... 1954 (MCMLIV) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Ankara from the Atakule Tower, looking N-NE Ankara is the capital of Turkey and the countrys second largest city after Ä°stanbul. ...

Works

In Der Staat (1926), Freyer identified three stages of history which repeated themselves in a cycle: Glaube, Stil and Staat (belief, style, the state). These were partly, although not openly, based on Ferdinand Toennies' Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft (community and society). The last stage, Staat, was the ideal state for society: "the essential quality of the state (...) was its ability to forge living humanity with all its forces into a unity". 1926 was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... Ferdinand Tönnies (July 26, 1855, near Oldenswort (Eiderstedt) - April 9, 1936, Kiel, Germany) was a Frisian and German sociologist. ... Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft are sociological categories introduced by the Frisian and German sociologist Ferdinand Tönnies for two normal types of human association. ...

In 1929 Freyer wrote Soziologie als Wirklichkeitswissenschaft (Sociology as a "Science of Reality") (using Max Weber's term). This looked into the origins of sociology, saying that it came from the philosophy of history; that it had emerged from people's attempts to understand the connections between the past and the present. In Freyer's view, sociology was needed as a science to understand why changes in society had happened and, based on these findings, to help transform society. He saw Karl Marx as linking the philosophy of history to sociology. 1929 was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Maximilian Weber (April 21, 1864 – June 14, 1920) was a German political economist and sociologist who is considered one of the founders of the modern, antipositivistic study of sociology and public administration. ... The philosophy of history asks at least these questions: what is the proper unit for the study of the human past? the individual, the city or sovereign territory, the civilization, or nothing less than the whole of the species?; what broad patterns can we discern through the study of the... Karl Heinrich Marx (May 5, 1818 Trier, Germany – March 14, 1883 London, England) was an influential philosopher, political economist, and revolutionary organizer of the International Workingmens Association. ...

Freyer's 1931 article Die Revolution von Rechts studied freedom, saying that people should only be free if they were part of a common will; that individual freedom should be limited for the sake of the community. 1931 is a common year starting on Thursday. ...

List of works

• Antäus. Grundlegung einer Ethik des bewußten Lebens, 1918
• Die Bewertung der Wirtschaft im philosophischen Denken des 19. Jahrhunderts, 1921
• Prometheus. Ideen zur Philosophie der Kultur, 1923
• Theorie des objektiven Geistes. Eine Einleitung in die Kulturphilosophie", 1923
• Der Staat, 1925
• Soziologie als Wirklichkeitswissenschaft. Logische Grundlegung des Systems der Soziologie, 1930
• Einleitung in die Soziologie, 1931
• Die Revolution von rechts, 1931
• Herrschaft und Planung. Zwei Grundbegriffe der politischen Ethik, 1933
• Pallas Athene. Ethik des politischen Volkes, 1935
• Über Fichtes Machiavelli-Aufsatz, 1936
• Die politische Insel. Eine Geschichte der Utopien von Platon bis zur Gegenwart, 1936
• Vom geschichtlichen Selbstbewußtsein des 20. Jahrhunderts, 1937
• Gesellschaft und Geschichte, 1937
• Machiavelli, 1938
• Weltgeschichte Europas, 2 Bände, 1948
• Theorie des gegenwärtigen Zeitalters, 1955
• Schwelle der Zeiten. Beiträge zur Soziologie der Kultur, 1965
• Entwicklungstendenzen und Probleme der modernen Industriegesellschaft, in: Industriegesellschaft in Ost und West, Mainz
• Herrschaft, Planung und Technik. Aufsätze zur Soziologie, published and introduced by Elfriede Üner, 1987

See also

• Arnold Gehlen
• Gotthard Günther
• Heinz Maus
• Helmut Schelsky

Arnold Gehlen (January 29, 1904 - January 30, 1976) was an influential conservative German philosopher and sociologist. ... Gotthard Günther (also Gunther, Guenther), June 15, 1900 - November 29, 1984, was a German philosopher. ... Helmut Schelsky, (b. ...

Further reading

• Theory of Objective Mind: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Culture. By Hans Freyer, translated and with an introduction by Steven Grosby. 1998
• The Other God that Failed : Hans Freyer and the Deradicalization of German Conservatism by Jerry Z Muller, 1988 ISBN 069100823X

External links

• Fascism and the primacy of the political by Dick Pels