Harare district

Harare (pronounced /həˈrɑreɪ/ or /həˈrɑri/, formerly Salisbury) is the capital of Zimbabwe. It has an estimated population of 1,600,000, with 2,800,000 in its metropolitan area (2006). Administratively, Harare is an independent city equivalent to a province. It is Zimbabwe's largest city and its administrative, commercial, and communications centre. The city is a trade centre for tobacco, maize, cotton, and citrus fruits. Manufactures include textiles, steel, and chemicals, and gold is mined in the area. Harare is situated at an elevation of 1483 metres (4865 feet) and its climate falls into the warm temperate category. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1536x1024, 194 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Harare ... For other uses, see Motto (disambiguation). ... Image File history File links Red_pog2. ... Zimbabwe is divided into 8 provinces and 2 cities with provincial status: Bulawayo (city) Harare (city) Manicaland Mashonaland Central Mashonaland East Mashonaland West Masvingo Matabeleland North Matabeleland South Midlands Categories: | ... Year 1890 (MDCCCXC) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar). ... 1935 (MCMXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar). ... Elias Mudzuri is the Mayor of Harare the Capital city of Zimbabwe. ... The Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) is a Zimbabwean political party now split. ... Elevation histogram of the surface of the Earth – approximately 71% of the Earths surface is covered with water. ... This article is about the unit of length. ... A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Cities with at least a million inhabitants in 2006 An urban area is an area with an increased density of human-created structures in comparison to the areas surrounding it. ... Timezone and TimeZone redirect here. ... Time zones of Africa: Striped colours indicate countries observing daylight saving Central Africa Time, or CAT, is a time zone used in central and southern Africa. ... Eastern European Time Central Africa Time Israel Standard Time South Africa Standard Time Central European Summer Time West Africa Summer Time Category: ... Although DST is common in Europe and North America, most of the worlds people do not use it. ... Time zones of Europe: Light colours indicate countries that do not observe summer time Central European Summer Time (CEST) is one of the names of UTC+2 time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. ... Central European Time West Africa Time British Summer Time* Irish Summer Time* Western European Summer Time* Category: ... // This is a list of twin towns or sister cities — that is, pairs of towns or cities in different countries which have town twinning arrangements. ... For other uses, see Nottingham (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Munich (disambiguation). ... Cincinnati, Ohio viewed from the SW, across the Ohio River from Kentucky. ... Prato is a city in Tuscany, Italy, the capital of the Province of Prato. ... Lago can refer to: a type of car the Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish word for Lake Lago, a commune in the province of Cosenza, southern Italy Lago, Mozambique, a district of Mozambique Lago, Samoa, a village in Samoa Lago, a parish in the municipality of Amares, Portugal Lago, Estado de... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1056x816, 19 KB) Map of the Harare district of Zimbabwe. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1056x816, 19 KB) Map of the Harare district of Zimbabwe. ... Not to be confused with capitol. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Shredded tobacco leaf for pipe smoking Tobacco can also be pressed into plugs and sliced into flakes Tobacco is an agricultural product processed from the fresh leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana. ... This article is about the maize plant. ... For other uses, see Cotton (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Citrus (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Fruit (disambiguation). ... This article is about the type of fabric. ... For other uses, see Steel (disambiguation). ... The chemical industry comprises the companies that produce industrial chemicals. ...

Harare is the site of the University of Zimbabwe, the largest and most complete institution of higher learning in Zimbabwe, which is situated about 5km north of the city. Numerous suburbs surround the city, retaining the names colonial administrators gave them during the 19th century, such as Warren Park 'D', Borrowdale, Mount Pleasant, Marlborough, Tynwald and Avondale. The University of Zimbabwe (UZ), is the first, largest and most complete university in Zimbabwe. ... Mount Pleasant is the name of a residential suburb in Harare, Zimbabwe. ... Avondale is a suburb of Harare, Zimbabwe. ...

History

Salisbury in 1930

Pioneer Column, a military volunteer force of settlers organised by Cecil Rhodes, founded the city in 1890 as a fort. They originally named the city Fort Salisbury after the 3rd Marquess of Salisbury, then British prime minister, and it subsequently became known simply as Salisbury. It was declared to be a municipality in 1897 and it became a city in 1935. Salisbury was the capital of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland from 1953 to 1963. After that point, it was the capital of Southern Rhodesia. The government of Ian Smith declared Rhodesia independent of Great Britain on November 11, 1965, and proclaimed the Republic of Rhodesia in 1970. Subsequently, the nation became the short-lived state of Zimbabwe Rhodesia; it was not until April 18, 1980, that the country was internationally recognized as independent as the Republic of Zimbabwe. The capital city retained the name Salisbury until 1982. In 1889 seeking to weaken the Ndebele king Lobengulas control over the territory, Cecil Rhodes promoted white settlement in Ndebele and Shona lands and dispatched a group of colonists known as the “Pioneer Column” to the region in 1890, under military guard. ... Cecil Rhodes Cecil John Rhodes, PC, DCL, (July 5, 1853 – March 26, 1902[1]) was a British-born South African businessman, mining magnate, and politician. ... Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury (February 3, 1830–August 22, 1903). ... In the United Kingdom, the Prime Minister is the head of government, exercising many of the executive functions nominally vested in the Sovereign, who is head of state. ... 1897 (MDCCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1935 (MCMXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar). ... Anthem God Save the Queen The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland Capital Salisbury Language(s) English Government Constitutional monarchy Monarch  - 1953-1963 Elizabeth II Governor-General  - 1953-1957 Lord Llewellin  - 1957-1963 The Earl of Dalhousie  - 1963 Sir Humphrey Gibbs Prime Minister  - 1953-1956 Sir Godfrey Huggins  - 1956-1963 Sir... January 7 - President Harry S. Truman announces the United States has developed a hydrogen bomb. ... For other uses, see 1963 (disambiguation). ... Southern Rhodesia was the name of the British colony situated immediately to the north of South Africa, known today as Zimbabwe. ... The Rt Hon Ian Smith, Prime Minister of Rhodesia, 1964 (official portrait) Ian Douglas Smith GCLM ID (born 8 April 1919) was the Premier of the British Crown Colony of Southern Rhodesia from 13 April 1964 to 11 November 1965, and Prime Minister of Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) from 11 November... is the 315th day of the year (316th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. ... Southern Rhodesia, todays Zimbabwe. ... Zimbabwe Rhodesia was the (largely unrecognised) name of Zimbabwe during 1979, adopted by Rhodesia soon after an Internal Settlement between the white minority Rhodesian Government led by Ian Smith and small, moderate African nationalist parties not involved in the war that had been raging in the country since 1977. ... is the 108th day of the year (109th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar). ... The Republic of Zimbabwe is a country located in the southern part of the continent of Africa, between the Zambezi and Limpopo rivers. ... Year 1982 (MCMLXXXII) was a common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar). ...

The name of the city was changed to Harare on April 18, 1982, the second anniversary of Zimbabwean independence, taking its name from the Shona chieftain Neharawa. It is also said the name derived from the European corruption of "Haarari" ("He does not sleep"), the epithet of the chief whose citadel was located in the area known today as the Kopje (pronounced "Koppie"). It was said that no enemy could ever launch a sneak attack on him. Prior to independence, "Harare" was the name of the Black residential area now known as Mbare. is the 108th day of the year (109th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1982 (MCMLXXXII) was a common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar). ... Shona (IPA: ) is the name collectively given to several groups of people in Zimbabwe and western Mozambique. ...

The area at the time of founding of the city was poorly drained and earliest development was on sloping ground along the left bank of a stream that is now the course of a trunk road (Julius Nyerere Way). The first area to be fully drained was near the head of the stream and was named Causeway as a result. This area is now the site of many of the most important Government buildings, including the Senate House and the Office of the Prime Minister (now renamed for the use of President Mugabe after the position was abolished in January 1988.)^[2]

Climate

Downtown Harare

Harare has a pleasant and healthy climate. The average annual temperature is 17.95°C, rather low for the tropics, and this is due to its high altitude position and the prevalence of a cool south-easterly airflow.^[3] There are three main seasons - a warm, wet season from November to March/April; a cool, dry season from May to August (corresponding to the Southern Hemisphere winter); and a hot, dry season in September/October. Daily temperature ranges are about 7°C to 20°C in July (coldest month), about 13°C to 28°C in October (hottest month) and about 15.5°C to 25°C in January (midsummer). The hottest year on record was 1914 - 19.73°C - and the coldest year was 1965 - 17.13°C. The average annual rainfall is about 825mm in the south-west rising to 855mm on the higher land in the north-east (around Borrowdale to Glen Lorne). Very little rain usually falls during the period May to September although sporadic showers occur in most years. Rainfall varies a great deal from year to year and follows cycles of wet and dry periods that are from 7 to 10 years long. Records begin in October 1890 but all three Harare stations stopped reporting in early 2004. ^[4] Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1024x768, 318 KB) Downtown Harare, Zimbabwe from April, 1995. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1024x768, 318 KB) Downtown Harare, Zimbabwe from April, 1995. ...

The climate supports a natural vegetation of open woodland. The most common tree of the local region is the Msasa Brachystegia Spiciformis that colours the landscape wine-red with its new leaves in late August. An introduced tree that contributes most to the town's atmosphere is the Jacaranda (a South American species) that produces a burst of lilac when it blooms in September. The Msasa tree (Brachystegia spiciformis) is a small shrubby African tree having compound leaves and racemes of small fragrant green flowers. ... Species See text Jacaranda is a genus of 49 species of flowering plants in the family Bignoniaceae, native to tropical and subtropical regions of South and Central America, Mexico, and the Caribbean. ...

International Venue

Harare has been the location of several international summits such as the 8th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement (6 September 1986) and Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (1991). The latter produced the Harare Declaration, dictating the membership criteria of the Commonwealth. In 1995, Harare hosted most of the 6th All-Africa Games, sharing the event with other Zimbabwean cities such as Bulawayo and Chitungwiza. is the 249th day of the year (250th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar). ... The Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (CHOGM) is a biennial summit meeting of the heads of government from all Commonwealth nations. ... The Harare Declaration is a re-statement of the principles of the Commonwealth of Nations, agreed on by the heads of government of its member countries at the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting in 1991. ... The Commonwealth of Nations currently has 53 members, which must abide by the membership criteria, which are enforced through the Millbrook Programme. ... The Commonwealth of Nations as of 2007 Headquarters Marlborough House, London, UK Official languages English Membership 53 sovereign states Leaders  -  Queen Elizabeth II  -  Secretary-General Kamalesh Sharma Appointed 24 November 2007 Establishment  -  Balfour Declaration 18 November 1926   -  Statute of Westminster 11 December 1931   -  London Declaration 28 April 1949  Area  -  Total... The All-Africa Games, sometimes called the African Games or Pan African Games, are a regional multi-sport event held every four years, organized by the Association of National Olympic Committees of Africa (ANOCA). ... The City of Bulawayo is highlighted in this map of Zimbabwe. ... Chitungwiza is a high-density dormitory town in Zimbabwe. ...

Transportation

A public transportation system of buses, run by ZUPCO has crumbled in recent years. Instead there has been a proliferation of privately owned companies that operate commuter omnibuses. With the advent of the fuel crisis in the country, the government introduced commuter trains in order to ease transport shortages.

Harare International Airport serves Harare. The National Railways of Zimbabwe, NRZ operate a daily overnight passenger train service that runs from Harare to Mutare and another one from Harare to Bulawayo. Harare International Airport (IATA: HRE, ICAO: FVHA) is an airport in Harare, Zimbabwe. ... Zimbabwe Railway The National Railways of Zimbabwe (NRZ) operates about 3,000 km of rail in Zimbabwe at the 1. ... Nickname: Motto: Justice and Freedom Coordinates: , Country Province Founded 1897 Government  - Mayor Misheck Kagurabadza Population (2002)  - City 189,000   estimated Time zone CET (UTC+1)  - Summer (DST) CEST (UTC+1) Mutare (known as Umtali until 1982) is the fourth largest city in Zimbabwe, with a population of approximately 189,000. ... The City of Bulawayo is highlighted in this map of Zimbabwe. ...

Current developments

In the early 21st century Harare has been adversely affected by the political and economic crisis that is currently plaguing Zimbabwe, after the contested 2002 presidential election and 2005 parliamentary elections. The elected council was replaced by a government-appointed commission for alleged inefficiency, but essential services such as rubbish collection and street repairs have rapidly worsened, and are now virtually non-existent. In May 2006 the Zimbabwean newspaper the Financial Gazette, described the city in an editorial as a "sunshine city-turned-sewage farm".^[5] The Financial Gazette is a weekly English language newspaper published in Zimbabwe. ...

In May 2005 the Zimbabwean government demolished shantytowns in Harare and the other cities in the country in Operation Murambatsvina (Operation "Drive Out Trash"). This caused a sharp reaction in the international community because it took place without prior warning and no advance plans were made to provide alternative housing. It was widely alleged that the true purpose of the campaign was to punish the urban poor for supporting the opposition Movement for Democratic Change and to reduce the likelihood of mass action against the government by driving people out of the cities. The government claimed it was necessitated by a rise of criminality and disease. Shanty towns are units of irregular low-cost and self-constructed housing built on terrain seized and occupied illegally -- usually on lands belonging to third parties, most often located in the urban periphery of the cities. ... Siya-so Home Industries area in Mbare township before Operation Murambatsvina Operation Murambatsvina (Shona: Operation Drive Out Trash), also officially known as Operation Restore Order, is a large scale Zimbabwean government campaign to forcibly clear slum areas across the country. ... The Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) is a Zimbabwean political party now split. ...

This was followed by Operation Chikerema (Operation "Better Living") a year later which consisted of building inadequate concrete shacks with no electricity, plumbing or other infrastructure in poorly accessible areas.

Sister cities

• Nottingham, United Kingdom
• Munich, Germany
• Cincinnati, United States
• Prato, Italy
• Lago, Italy

Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom. ... For other uses, see Nottingham (disambiguation). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Germany. ... For other uses, see Munich (disambiguation). ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Cincinnati, Ohio viewed from the SW, across the Ohio River from Kentucky. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Italy. ... Prato is a city in Tuscany, Italy, the capital of the Province of Prato. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Italy. ... Comune di Lago is a commune in the province of Cosenza, Calabria, in southern Italy. ...

Image gallery

References

is the 137th day of the year (138th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

See also

• Suburbs of Harare
• Place names in Zimbabwe
• Provinces of Zimbabwe
• Districts of Zimbabwe

Following independence in 1980, Zimbabwe (formerly Rhodesia) began renaming cities, towns and streets, in an attempt to eradicate symbols of British colonialism and white minority rule, starting in 1982, on the second anniversary of independence. ... Zimbabwe is divided into 8 provinces and 2 cities with provincial status: Bulawayo (city) Harare (city) Manicaland Mashonaland Central Mashonaland East Mashonaland West Masvingo Matabeleland North Matabeleland South Midlands Categories: | ... Districts of Zimbabwe The Provinces of Zimbabwe are divided into 59 districts and 1,200 municipalities. ...

External links

• Combined Harare Residents' Association

• Harare is at coordinates 17°49′19″S 31°02′56″E / -17.822, 31.049 (Harare)Coordinates: 17°49′19″S 31°02′56″E / -17.822, 31.049 (Harare)