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A Hardanger fiddle or hardingfele (Norwegian) is a traditional stringed instrument from Norway. In modern designs, the instruments are very similar to the violin, but typically with thinner wood. It is different enough that a luthier accustomed to repairing violins could easily ruin a hardingfele. The instrument typically has eight or nine strings; four are played like a violin, while the rest (aptly named sympathetic strings) resonate under the influence of the other four, providing a pleasant continuous sound environment for the tune. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (802x1571, 496 KB) Dato: ukjent Fotograf: Frode Inge Helland Lisens: GNU fri dokumentasjonslisens File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Hardingfele User talk:Frode Inge Helland Knut Gunnarsson...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (802x1571, 496 KB) Dato: ukjent Fotograf: Frode Inge Helland Lisens: GNU fri dokumentasjonslisens File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Hardingfele User talk:Frode Inge Helland Knut Gunnarsson...
A string instrument (also stringed instrument) is a musical instrument that produces sound by means of vibrating strings. ...
This does not cite its references or sources. ...
Trunks A tree trunk as found at the Veluwe, The Netherlands Wood is derived from woody plants, notably trees but also shrubs. ...
An engravers impression of Antonio Stradivari examining an instrument. ...
The strings of a harp A string is the vibrating element which is the source of vibration in string instruments, such as the guitar, harp, piano, and members of the violin family. ...
This does not cite its references or sources. ...
Sympathetic strings are strings on musical instruments which begin resonating, not due to any external influence such as picking or bowing, but due to another note (or frequency). ...
This article is about resonance in physics. ...
Tune can refer to: a melody. ...
The earliest known example of the hardingfele is from 1651, made by Ole Jonsen Jaastad in Hardanger, Norway. Originally, the instrument's appearance was significantly different. Around the year 1850, the modern layout with a body much like the violin became the norm. // Events January 1 - Charles II crowned King of Scotland in Scone. ...
From Hardanger, a painting by Hans Gude, 1847 Hardanger is a traditional district in the western part of Norway, dominated by the Hardangerfjord. ...
1850 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...
The instrument is a work of art, with a carved animal or a carved woman's head as part of the scroll at the top of the pegbox, extensive mother of pearl inlay on the tailpiece and fingerboard, and black ink decorations called 'rosing' on the body of the instrument. Sometimes pieces of bone are used to decorate the pegs and the edges of the instrument. The four or five other strings, which are not bowed, run under the fingerboard and vibrate sympathetically, giving the instrument a haunting, echo-like sound. Scroll can have different meanings: A scroll is a roll of parchment, papyrus, or paper which has been drawn or written upon. ...
A pegbox is the part of certain stringed musical instruments (violin, viola, cello, double bass) that houses the tuning pegs. ...
A piece of nacre Nacre, also known as mother of pearl, is an organic mixture of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in the form of platy crystals of aragonite and conchiolin (a scleroprotein). ...
Inlay: Decorative technique of inserting pieces of coloured materials to form patterns or pictures. ...
The tailpiece is an element found in all musical instruments of the violin family. ...
The fingerboard, also known as a fretboard, is a part of most stringed instruments. ...
Rosemaling is the name of a form of decorative flower painting that originated in the low-land areas of eastern Norway in about 1750, when Baroque, Rengeny and Rococo, artistic styles of the upper class, were introduced into Norway’s rural culture. ...
Grays Anatomy illustration of a human femur. ...
Standard musical notation are rarely used by the traditional players. But to preserve the music, and to get classical players to play Norwegian music, there were people who systematically transcribed tunes. They used a system where the notes corresponded to the fingering on the instrument rather than to absolute pitch. It is said that the very best players in Norway don't read music, but learn tunes by ear. In later years, however, some fiddlers use manuscripts as a kind of "second-hand" source, for refreshing their memories.
The Hardingfele is used mainly in the south west part of Norway, whereas the ordinary violin (called 'flatfele' - 'flat fiddle' or 'vanlig fele' - 'common fiddle') is found elsewhere. The Hardingfele is used for dancing, accompanied by rhythmic loud foot stomping. It was also traditional for the fiddler to lead the bridal procession to the church. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article may require cleanup. ...
Tunings
The instrument is tuned higher than a violin, because it sounds better in a higher range. The 'A' on the hardingfele corresponds to B flat or higher on a standard piano. The notes given above for tunings are therefore relative to the A on the Hardingfele, not to A equal to 440 hertz. The player will try to tune their instrument into the range where it sounds best. As you can imagine, tuning 8 or 9 strings can take some time, especially if two or more fiddlers are trying to play together. The patience of Norwegian audiences is legendary in this regard. A is the sixth note in the C Major scale. ...
This article is about music. ...
A grand piano, with the lid up. ...
The hertz (symbol: Hz) is the SI unit of frequency. ...
Most hardanger tunes are played in a common tuning (A-D-A-E). Another tuning is called "troll tuning" (A-E-A-C#). Troll tuning is used for the 'fanitullen' tunes, also called the devil's tunes. Legend had it that the fiddler learned these tunes from the devil. This tuning limits the melodic range of the tunes, and is therefore sparsely used. In Valdres, this particular tuning is called "greylighting", a reminder that the fiddler tuned his fiddle like this when the morning was near, and he had played himself through a number of other tunings. It can also be played in "low base" (G-D-A-E), which resembles the normal violin tuning. In Norway as such, about 40 different tunings are recorded. Trolls with an abducted princess (John Bauer, 1915). ...
The Devil is a title given to a supernatural entity, who, in most interpretations of the Abrahamic faiths, is the central embodiment of evil. ...
View over Begnadalen from Lærskogen, with the large woodland ranging all over to Randsfjorden on the left and Hedalsfjella in the right background Valdres is a landscape in central, southern Norway, situated between Gudbrandsdal and Hallingdal. ...
The understrings are tuned to vibrate according to the main tuning. For example, when the main strings are tuned A-D-A-E, the understrings are tuned B-D-E-F#-A. The tuning is largely depended on the region in which the instrument is being played, or the requirements of a particular tune. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
A musical instrument is a device constructed or modified with the purpose of making music. ...
Technique The technique of bowing a Hardingfele is different from violin technique. It's a smoother, bouncier style of bowing, with a lighter touch. The player usually bows on two of the upper strings at a time, and sometimes three. This is made easy by the relative flatness of the bridge, unlike the more curved bridge on a violin. The strings of the fiddle are slimmer than those of the violin, and resembles rather the strings of violins from the baroque period. Thus, a fiddler who changes instruments has to adapt his style. Adoration, by Peter Paul Rubens. ...
Tunes and techniques of playing differ a great deal between different regions in Norway. This is probably because Norway consists of a series of valleys separated by mountains, and communities were isolated from each other in the past.
Controversy The hardanger fiddle and it's music was, and perhaps still is, associated with the devil. The Church banned these intruments and the players from entering the churches. They also went to the extent to eradicate by fire an extensive amount of fiddles. The tradition in Norway has had a deep impact because of this, since folk music was not well respected in areas where christianity was deeply rooted. Areas were christianity was not deeply rooted has kept a strong tradition, and that's where the old technique and tunes are still in practise.
Influences Edvard Grieg adapted many Hardanger folk tunes into his compositions, and composed tunes for the Hardanger as part of his score for Ibsen's Peer Gynt. For example, it is widely believed that the opening phrase of "Morning" from Grieg's Peer Gynt music is derived from the tuning of the sympathetic strings of the Hardanger fiddle: A F# E D E F# and so on. The main theme from Grieg`s piano concerto is said to be inspired of a version of the tune Fanitullen, played by a fiddler from Hallingdal. Edvard Grieg Edvard Hagerup Grieg (June 15, 1843 – September 4, 1907) was a Norwegian composer and pianist who composed in the romantic period. ...
Henrik Johan Ibsen (March 20, 1828–May 23, 1906) was an extremely influential Norwegian playwright who was largely responsible for the rise of the modern realistic drama. ...
Peer Gynt is a play by the Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen. ...
Hallingdal is a valley and landscape in central, southern Norway, consisting of the municipalities Flå, Nes, Gol, Hemsedal, Ål and Hol. ...
In recent years the instrument has gained recognition in the rest of the world. Japan has been one of the countries that has found an interest in the hardingfele and Japanese musicians travel to Norway just to learn to play this instrument.
Use in film The Hardanger fiddle was used in the soundtracks of The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers, and The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King composed by Howard Shore, to provide the main voice for the Rohirrim theme. The use of the hardanger fiddle in this movie, however, is far from traditional since the theme does not make noticeable use of the usual practice of bowing on two strings at a time for harmony. Soundtrack refers to the recorded sound accompanying a visual medium such as a motion picture, television show, or video game. ...
Howard Shore Howard Leslie Shore (born October 18, 1946) is a Canadian film composer, best known for composing the score to The Lord of the Rings film trilogy. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Rohan. ...
The Hardanger fiddle also features in the soundtrack of Fargo, written by Carter Burwell. Here the context is a little more traditional. The main theme it plays is an arrangement of a Norwegian folksong entitled "The Lost Sheep". Fargo is a 1996 neo-noir film created by brothers Joel and Ethan Coen. ...
Carter Burwell (born November 18, 1955, in New York) is a composer of film soundtracks. ...
Players Some notable hardingfele players include: - Myllarguten
- Hallvard T. Bjørgum
- Torleiv H. Bjørgum
- Knut Buen
- Hauk Buen
- Vidar Lande
- Annbjørg Lien
Myllarguten (meaning the Millerboy), really Targjei Augundsson, born 1801 and died 1872, is arguably the most acknowledged norwegian folk musician to this day, and by far the most legendary. ...
Annbjørg Lien (b. ...
See also Folk music from Norway is usually in minor or modal, making a sober and haunting sound, though major key dance music forms also exist. ...
External links - Hardanger Fiddle Association of America
- Fashioning the Hardanger Fiddle
- Close-up pictures of a Hardanger Fiddle
- Twin Cities Hardingfelelag
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