A Harmonium is a free-standing musical keyboard instrument similar to a Reed Organ or Pipe Organ. It consists of free reeds and sound is produced by air being blown through reeds resulting in a sound similar to that of an accordion. The air is supplied by foot-operated (or, as with the type of harmonium used in Indian music, hand-operated) bellows alternately depressed by the player. The word harmonium has several meanings: harmonium, a pneumatic keyboard instrument Harmonium (poetry collection), a 1923 collection of poetry by Wallace Stevens Harmonium (band), a 1970s Québécois band Harmonium (Harmonium album), the eponymous release by the same band Harmonium (Vanessa Carlton album), a 2004 album by Vanessa Carlton... For other uses, see Accordion (disambiguation). ...

Harmonium or Reed Organ?

The British introduced harmoniums to India during the colonial period. In North America, the most common pedal-pumped free reed keyboard instrument is known as the American Reed Organ, (or parlor organ, pump organ, cabinet organ, cottage organ, etc.) and along with the earlier melodeon, is operated by a suction bellows where air is sucked through the reeds to produce the sound. A reed organ with a pressure bellows, that pushes the air through the reeds, is referred to as a harmonium. North American redirects here. ... The terms melodeon and melodion can refer to any of several related musical instruments of the free reed aerophone family: A type of 19th century reed organ with a foot-operated vacuum bellows, and a piano keyboard. ... A reed organ is an organ that generates its sounds using free metal reeds, similar to an accordion. ...

In much of Europe, the term "harmonium" is used to describe all pedal pumped keyboard free reed instruments, making no distinction whether it has a pressure or suction bellows. A large bellows creates a mushroom cloud at the Exploratorium in San Francisco, California. ...

History

The harmonium was invented in Paris in 1842 by Alexandre Debain, though there was concurrent development of similar instruments. Christian Gottlieb Kratzenstein(1723-1795), Professor of Physiology at Copenhagen, was credited with the first free reed to be made in the western world after winning the annual prize in 1780 from the Imperial Academy of St.Petersburg. [1] This article is about the capital of France. ...

Harmoniums reached the height of their popularity in the West in the late 19th- and early-20th centuries. They were especially popular in small churches and chapels where a pipe organ would be too large or too expensive. Harmoniums generally weigh less than similarly-sized pianos and are not as easily damaged in transport, thus they were also popular throughout the colonies of the European powers in this period- not only because it was easier to ship the instrument out to where it was needed, but it was also easier to transport overland in areas where good-quality roads and railways may have been non-existent. An added attraction of the harmonium in tropical regions was that the instrument held its tune regardless of heat and humidity, unlike the piano. This 'export' market was sufficiently lucrative for manufacturers to produce harmoniums with cases impregnated with chemicals to prevent woodworm and other damaging organisms found in the tropics. For the architectural structure, see Church (building). ... A chapel is a private church, usually small and often attached to a larger institution such as a college, a hospital, a palace, or a prison. ... The baroque organ in Roskilde Cathedral, Denmark The pipe organ is a musical instrument that produces sound by forcing pressurized air (referred to as wind) through a series of pipes. ... A short grand piano, with the lid up. ... A short grand piano, with the lid up. ... A woodworm is not a specific species. ...

At the peak of the instruments' popularity around 1900, a wide variety of styles of harmoniums were being produced. These ranged from simple models with plain cases and only 4 or 5 stops (if any at all), up to large instruments with ornate cases, up to a dozen stops and other mechanisms such as couplers. Expensive harmoniums were often built to resemble pipe organs, with ranks of fake pipes attached to the top of the instrument. Small numbers of harmoniums were built with two manuals (keyboards). Some were even built with pedal keyboards. (These required the use of an assistant to run the bellows.) The choir division of the organ at St. ... The baroque organ in Roskilde Cathedral, Denmark The pipe organ is a musical instrument that produces sound by forcing pressurized air (referred to as wind) through a series of pipes. ...

The invention of the electronic organ in the mid-1930s spelt the end of the harmonium's success (although its popularity as a household instrument declined in the 1920s as musical tastes changed). The Hammond organ could imitate the tonal quality and range of a pipe organ whilst retaining the compact dimensions and cost-effectiveness of the harmonium whilst reducing maintenance needs and allowing a greater number of stops and other features. By this time harmoniums had reached high levels of mechanical complexity- not only through the need to provide instruments with a greater tonal range, but (especially in North America) due to patent laws. It was common for manufacturers to patent the action mechanism used on their instruments, thus requiring any new manufacturer to develop their own version- as the number of manufacturers grew this led to some instruments having hugely complex arrays of levers, cranks, rods and shafts which made replacement with an electronic instrument even more attractive. Classic Hammond B-3 organ. ... The Hammond organ is an electric organ which was invented by Laurens Hammond in 1934 and manufactured by the Hammond Organ Company until the 1970s. ... The choir division of the organ at St. ...

The last mass-producer of harmoniums in the West was the Estey company, which ceased manufacture in the mid-1950s. As the existing stock of instruments aged and spare parts became hard to find, more and more were either scrapped or sold. It was not uncommon for harmoniums to be 'modernised' by having electric blowers fitted, often very unsympathetically. The majority of harmoniums today are in the hands of enthusiasts.

A relatively modern example of the use of a harmonium can be found in The Beatles' hits "We Can Work It Out" and "Real Love". The White Album, see The Beatles (album). ... We Can Work It Out is a song written by Paul McCartney and John Lennon and released by The Beatles as a double A-sided single with Day Tripper. The song is a classic instance of true Lennon-McCartney collaboration, its authors meeting more closely in a single song only... Real Love is a song originally written and performed as a demo by John Lennon, later redone by the remaining members of The Beatles in late 1995. ...

Construction

Harmoniums consist of banks of brass reeds (metal tongues which vibrate when air flows over them), a pumping apparatus, stops for drones (some models feature a stop which causes a form of vibrato), and a keyboard. The harmonium's timbre, despite its similarity to the accordion's, is actually produced in a critically different way. Instead of the bellows causing a direct flow of air over the reeds, an external feeder bellows inflates an internal reservoir bellows inside the harmonium from which air escapes to vibrate the reeds. This design is similar to bagpipes as it allows the harmonium to create a continuously sustained sound. (Some better-class harmoniums of the 19th and early 20th centuries incorporated an “expression stop” which bypassed the reservoir, allowing a skilled player to regulate the strength of the air-flow directly from the pedal-operated bellows and so to achieve a certain amount of direct control over dynamics.) If a harmonium has two sets of reeds, it's possible that the second set of reeds (either tuned unison or an octave lower) can be activated by a stop, which means each key pressed will play two reeds. Professional harmoniums feature a third set of reeds, either tuned an octave higher or in unison to the middle reed. This overall makes the sound fuller. In addition, many harmoniums feature an octave coupler, a mechanical linkage that opens a valve for a note an octave above or below the note being played, and a scale changing mechanism, which allows one to play in various keys while fingering the keys of one scale. Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... In music, timbre, or sometimes timber, (from Fr. ...

Harmoniums are made with 1, 2, 3 and occasionally 4 sets of reeds. Classical instrumentalists usually use 1-reed harmoniums, while a musician who plays for a qawaali (Islamic devotional singing) usually uses a 3-reed harmonium. Qawaali, also sometimes spelt Quwalli or Qawwali, is an Islamic and/or Sufi devotional musical genre originating in India in the 14th century. ...

The harmonium in India

Man playing a harmonium. He is pumping the bellows of the harmonium with one hand and playing the keys with the other.

During the mid-19th century missionaries brought French-made hand-pumped harmoniums to India. The instrument quickly became popular there: it was portable, reliable and easy to learn. Its popularity has stayed intact to the present day, and the harmonium remains an important instrument in many genres of Indian music. It is commonly found in Indian homes. Though derived from the designs developed in France, the harmonium was developed further in India in unique ways, such as the addition of drone stops and a scale changing mechanism. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1059x1194, 376 KB) Man playing a harmonium in Bikaner, Rajasthan, India. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1059x1194, 376 KB) Man playing a harmonium in Bikaner, Rajasthan, India. ... A missionary is a propagator of religion, often an evangelist or other representative of a religious community who works among those outside of that community. ... Timeline and Samples Genres Classical (Carnatic and Hindustani) - Folk - Rock - Pop - Hip hop Awards Bollywood Music Awards - Punjabi Music Awards Charts Festivals Sangeet Natak Akademi – Thyagaraja Aradhana – Cleveland Thyagaraja Aradhana Media Sruti, The Music Magazine National anthem Jana Gana Mana, also national song Vande Mataram Music of the states Andaman...

In Kolkata, Dwarkanath Ghose of the renowned Dwarkin was adept in modifying musical instruments as per individual needs of users and is particularly remembered for modifying the imported harmony flute and producing the hand held harmonium, which has subsequently become an integral part of the Indian music scenario.^[1] Dwijendranath Tagore is credited with having used the imported instrument in 1860 in his private theatre, but it was probably a pedalled instrument which was cumbersome, or it was possibly some variation of the reed organ. Initially, it aroused curiosity but gradually people started playing it^[2] and Ghose took the initiative to modify it.^[1] It was in response to the Indian needs that the hand-held harmonium was introduced. All Indian musical instruments are played with the musician sitting on the floor or on a stage, behind the instrument or holding it in his hands. In that era, Indian homes did not use tables and chairs.^[1] , “Calcutta” redirects here. ... Dwarkin (formally known as Dwarkin & Sons but popular as Dwarkin), founded in 1875, was a pioneering Indian enterprise for the sale of Western and Indian musical instruments, which attained a legendary status in the music world at Kolkata (then known, in English, as Calcutta}, particularly with the development of the... Dwijendranath Tagore (11 March 1840–19 January 1926) was a poet, song composer, philosopher, mathematician, and a pioneer in Bengali shorthand and musical notations. ...

The harmonium is essentially an alien instrument to the Indian tradition, as it cannot mimic the voice, which is considered the basis of all Indian music. Meend (glissando), an integral part of any classical recitation is not possible on the harmonium, and as such, one cannot faithfully reproduce the subtle nuances of a raga on this instrument. The harmonium is thus despised by many connoisseurs of Indian music, who prefer the more authentic yet more technical sarangi, in accompanying khyal singing. In Hindustani music meend refers to the bending or deflecting of pitches. ... Glissando (plural: glissandi) is a musical term that refers to either a continuous sliding from one pitch to another (a true glissando), or an incidental scale played while moving from one melodic note to another (an effective glissando). ... Anant Kunte playing the sarangi (2007) The Sarangi (Sarangi [सारंगी] is a bowed string instrument of , Nepal. ... Khyal is the modern genre of classical singing in North India; its name comes from an Arabic word meaning imagination. Like all Indian classical music, khyal is modal, with a single melodic line and no harmonic parts. ...

A popular usage is by followers of various Hindu and Sikh faiths, who use it in the devotional singing of prayers, called bhajan or kirtan. There will be at least one harmonium in any mandir (Hindu temple) or gurdwara (Sikh temple) around the world. The harmonium is also commonly accompanied by the tabla as well as a dholak. To Sikhs the harmonium is known as the vaja/baja. It is also referred to as a "Peti" ( A loose reference to a "Box") in some parts of North India and Maharashtra. This article discusses the adherents of Hinduism. ... Religions Sikhism Scriptures Guru Granth Sahib Languages English, Punjabi] A Sikh (English: or ; Punjabi: , , IPA: ) is an adherent to Sikhism. ... A bhajan or kirtan is a Hindu devotional song, often of ancient origin. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The Gopuram of temples, in south India, are adorned with colourful icons depicting a particular story surrounding the temples deity. ... The Harimandir Sahib. ... The tabla (Hindi: तब्ला, tablā, Urdu: تبلہ) is a popular Indian percussion instrument used in the classical, popular and religious music of the Indian subcontinent and in Hindustani classical music. ... The Dholak (sometimes dholaki) is a classical North Indian hand drum. ... , Maharashtra (Marathi: महाराष्ट्र , IPA  , translation: Great Nation) is Indias third largest state in area and second largest in population after Uttar Pradesh. ...

It also forms an integral part of the Qawwali repertoire, as many Qawwals use a harmonium when performing Qawwalis. It has received international fame as the genre of Qawwali music has been popularized by renowned Pakistani musicians such as Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan and Aziz Mian. Qawwali (Urdu: قوٌالی, Hindi: क़वाली) is the devotional music of the Chishti Sufis of the Indian Subcontinent. ... This article is about the Pakistani musician. ... Aziz Mian Qawwal (Urdu: عزیز میاں قوال) (April 17, 1942 – December 6, 2000) was one of Pakistans most famous Qawwals. ...

The harmonium is also used in Middle Eastern music in certain parts of the Middle East. A map showing countries commonly considered to be part of the Middle East The Middle East is a region comprising the lands around the southern and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Sea, a territory that extends from the eastern Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. ... A map showing countries commonly considered to be part of the Middle East The Middle East is a region comprising the lands around the southern and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Sea, a territory that extends from the eastern Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. ...

There is some discussion of Indian harmonium-makers producing reproductions of Western-style reed organs for the export trade.

Samvadini

Samvadini - a modified version of harmonium to perform solo on the instrument.

In Indian music, the harmonium is considered to be one of the least versatile instruments. It is usually used as an accompanying instrument for vocalists. However, some musicians have begun playing the harmonium as a solo instrument. Pandit Bhishmadev Vedi, Pandit Muneshwar Dayal, Pandit Montu Banerjee, and Pamabhusan JnanPrakash Ghosh were among those personalities who popularized the harmonium for solo performance. Later Pt. Manohar Chimote [2] gave a completely new dimension to the harmonium as instrument and unique style of playing solo on the instrument. He added the "Swarmandel" (Harp) on top of the reed board and made some significant changes into the tuning of Harmonium. With all the modification, he renamed the traditional harmonium to "Samvadini". With this beautiful and appropriate name, Samvadini is making its mark in the field of Music. Students of Pt. Manohar Chimote likePt.Rajendra Vaishampayan,Pt.Jitendra Gore of Mumbai, India are making their mark in the musical horizon. Pandit Tulsidas Borkar of Mumbai, Pandit Appa Jalgaonkar, Shri Purushottam Walavalkar and Pt. Rambhau Bijapure of Belgaum have created their own names in the field of harmonium playing. More recently, Dr. Arawind Thatte from Pune has sought to create a separate identity for the harmonium as a solo instrument. More and more music students are learning in this fashion. Image File history File links Samvadini. ... Image File history File links Samvadini. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... , Bombay redirects here. ... , Pune (IPA: , Marathi: पुणे) is a city located in the western Indian state of Maharashtra. ...

[3]

Repertoire

Classical

• 24 Pièces en style libre for organ or harmonium, op. 31 (1913) by Louis Vierne.

• Antonin Dvorak's Five Bagatelles for 2 violins, Cello and harmonium Op.47(b79)

• The final collection of pieces by César Franck popularly known as L'Organiste (1889-1890) was actually written for harmonium, some pieces with piano accompaniment.

• Petite Messe Solonelle by Rossini is scored for two pianos and harmonium.

• Ages Ago, an early work by W. S. Gilbert with Frederic Clay features a harmonium part.

• An arrangement of Anton Bruckner's Symphony no. 7 for chamber ensemble, prepared in 1921 by students and associates of Arnold Schoenberg for the Viennese Society for Private Musical Performances, was scored for 2 violins, viola, cello, bass, clarinet, horn, piano 4-hands, and Harmonium. The Society folded before the arrangement could be performed, and it was not premiered until more than 60 years later.

• Hin und zurück (There and Back), an operatic sketch by Paul Hindemith, uses a harmonium for its stage music.

• The album Early Music by Kronos Quartet has several songs featuring harmonium.
• Sospiri, Adagio for String Orchestra, op. 70 - Edward Elgar (scored for Harp or Piano and Harmonium or Organ)

• Dances from a New England Album, 1856 for orchestra by William Bergsma includes parts for melodeon (movements I-III) and harmonium (movement IV).

César-Auguste-Jean-Guillaume-Hubert Franck (December 10, 1822 – November 8, 1890), a composer, organist and music teacher of Belgian origin who lived in France, was one of the great figures in classical music in the second half of the 19th century. ... The following is a list of compositions by César Franck. ... Gioacchino Antonio Rossini (February 29, 1792 — November 13, 1868) was an Italian musical composer who wrote more than 30 operas as well as sacred music and chamber music. ... Ages Ago is a musical entertaiment with a libretto by W. S. Gilbert and music by Frederic Clay that premiered on 22 November 1869. ... Sir William Schwenck Gilbert Sir William Schwenck Gilbert (November 18, 1836 – May 29, 1911) was an English dramatist, librettist and illustrator best known for the fourteen comic operas produced in collaboration with the composer Sir Arthur Sullivan. ... Frederic Clay (born August 3, 1838 in Paris; died November 24, 1889 at Great Marlow) was an English musical composer. ... Anton Bruckners Symphony No. ... Arnold Schoenberg, Los Angeles, 1948 Arnold Schoenberg (pronounced [ˈaːrnÉ”lt ˈʃøːnbÉ›rk]) (13 September 1874 – 13 July 1951) was an Austrian and later American composer, associated with the expressionist movement in German poetry and art, and leader of the Second Viennese School. ... The Society for Private Musical Performances (in German, the Verein für musikalische Privataufführungen) was an organisation founded in Vienna in the Autumn of 1918 by Arnold Schoenberg with the intention of making carefully rehearsed and comprehensible performances of modern music available to genuinely interested members of the musical... For the Anne Rice novel, see Violin (novel). ... The viola (French, alto; German Bratsche) is a bowed string instrument. ... This article is about the stringed musical instrument. ... Side and front views of a modern double bass with a French bow. ... Two soprano clarinets: a Bâ™­ clarinet (left, with capped mouthpiece) and an A clarinet (right, with no mouthpiece). ... Horn may refer to: horn (anatomy), a hollow, pointed projection of the skin of various animals Horn, Austria horn (diacritic), a diacritic mark used to indicate that a normally rounded vowel such as o or u is to be pronounced unrounded horn (instrument) horn, a slang term for any wind... A short grand piano, with the lid up. ... Paul Hindemith aged 28. ... Kronos Quartet in 2006. ... Sir Edward Elgar Sir Edward William Elgar, 1st Baronet, OM, GCVO (2 June 1857 – 23 February 1934) was an English Romantic composer. ... For the song titled Orchestra, see The Servant (band). ... William Laurence Bergsma (April 1, 1921–March 18, 1994) was an American composer. ... The terms melodeon and melodion can refer to any of several related musical instruments of the free reed aerophone family: A type of 19th century reed organ with a foot-operated vacuum bellows, and a piano keyboard. ...

Ambient

• Christopher Orczy from New Zealand uses a Mustel harmonium for all his works from 2004 to present. From August 2004 to July 2005, he recorded the Harmonium Diaries series. The series consists of 12 albums, one for each month, of solo harmonium recordings. The harmonium was subtley treated with eq and reverb. In 2006, he recorded Transition, where the harmonium was processed to a greater extent. In 2008 he finished his first religious work, "Annunciation".

Popular

• Farrukh Fateh Ali Khan,The younger brother of Ustad Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan was an accomplished harmonium player. His talent to play in all scales and his ability to switch a tune at a moment's notice are arguably the best in his profession. While accompanying Ustad Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan to England, he became widely known as Harmonium Raj Sahib (King of the Harmonium). His talents and accomplishments often went unrecognized due to playing in the shadow of the great Ustad Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan.

• Aphex Twin's experimental Drukqs (2001) record appears to feature a harmonium in the track Penty Harmonium though it is unclear whether the instrument actually playing is real, sampled or programmed.

• Current 93's Sleep Has His House (2000) features a harmonium for its length, a rare instrumental contribution from frontman David Tibet.

• Depeche Mode used a harmonium in one version of Enjoy the Silence.

• Radiohead used a harmonium on the track Motion Picture Soundtrack from the album Kid A (2000).

• Sufjan Stevens uses a harmonium at his live performances.

• Midway through Breakfast At Tiffany's, the score features a reprise of its theme song Moon River played on the harmonium.

• Most of Nico's post-Velvet Underground career is marked by a heavy usage of the harmonium, in avant-garde drone songs.

• The Zombies use a harmonium in their song "Butchers Tale (Western Front 1914)".

• Lawrence Gowan of Styx plays a harmonium during the band's acoustic sets.

• Brian May of Queen played a harmonium in the song Teo Torriatte (Let Us Cling Together) on Queen's album A Day at the Races.

• Jeff Buckley plays a harmonium in the song "Lover, You Should've Come Over" on his album Grace.

• Slade used the Harmonium on "Merry Xmas Everybody" and "In for a penny".

• Julie Feeney plays harmonium on her album 13 songs.

• The Bee Gees used a harmonium on their song "Holiday".

• Ric Veda principally accompanies himself singing with a harmonium. [4]

• The Beatles used a harmonium extensively in their recordings, including "Strawberry Fields Forever", "We Can Work It Out", "Cry Baby Cry", "Sexy Sadie", "Being for the Benefit of Mr. Kite", and "The Word".

• Paul McCartney, for instance on "This One" from Flowers In The Dirt.

• The Penguin Cafe Orchestra's Music for a Found Harmonium (not surprisingly) features a harmonium. They used the instrument on several other tracks as well, including "Cutting Branches For a Temporary Shelter".

• Focus has a part for the Harmonium in their song "Hocus Pocus"

• The movie Punch Drunk Love features a harmonium as a major plot device.

• Ed Harcourt plays a harmonium on many of his songs including "All Of Your Days Will Be Blessed" from From Every Sphere and "Something To Live For" from Strangers.

• Talk Talk featured a harmonium player on their final two albums, Spirit of Eden and Laughing Stock

• Ivor Cutler uses a harmonium in many of his recordings and live performances.

• Tori Amos features harmonium on several songs in 1996's Boys For Pele. She also toured with a harmonium, in addition to a piano and harpsichord, in support of the album.

• Cornershop features harmonium on tracks such as "Sleep on the Left Side".

• Xiu Xiu features harmonium on many of their albums, as well as in the live setting; most notably featured in the songs "Dr. Troll", "Nieces Pieces", and "Rose of Sharon".

• Drekka uses a Pakistani lap harmonium on many recordings since 2000, and as a staple in live sets including the 9hour MEDIUM drone performed in Chicago, IL in 2000, set up by Odum6.

• Diane Cluck has used the harmonium on her albums, Macy's Day Bird and Monarcana.

• Krishna Das plays the harmonium in many of his songs.

• Tom Waits plays the harmonium in some of his songs, mostly on later albums (from Swordfishtrombones and later).

• Space Mandino plays the harmonium while throat-singing in his song "Magic Thumb"

• Br'er uses harmonium extensively on their album "of shemales and kissaboos", specifically on "Maven" and "Emily the Bear".

• Peter Hayes plays the harmonium while throat-singing in his song "Open Invitation"

• Roger Hodgson used the harmonium as the inspiration for many Supertramp songs. He bought a harmonium for £26 years ago and wrote Logical Song, Two of Us, and many others from this instrument.

• Beck used the harmonium in several live performances of the song Nobody's Fault (But My Own).

• Vanessa Carlton 's second album is called Harmonium. This doesn't have anything to do with the instrument though. Carlton explains the album title as being the result of playing with the word 'harmony'.

• Sanjay Patel (VIRA Productions) uses a variety of harmoniums as accompaniment throughout his works.

This article lacks information on the importance of the subject matter. ... This article is about the Pakistani musician. ... Aphex Twin (born Richard David James on August 18, 1971 in Limerick, Ireland) is a Cornish electronic music artist, credited with pushing forward the genres of techno, ambient, acid and drum and bass. ... drukqs (sometimes spelled drukqs or drukQs) is a 2001 double album by Richard D. James, released under his most frequently used artistic name, Aphex Twin. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... David Tibet (born David Michael Bunting, 5 March 1960 in Batu Gajah, Malaysia) is a British poet and artist who founded the music group Current 93, of which he is the only full-time member. ... Depeche Mode (pronounced ) are an electronic music band formed in 1980, in Basildon, Essex, England. ... Music sample: Depeche Mode Enjoy the Silence (1990) 26 second sample from Depeche Modes Enjoy the Silence. Problems listening to the file? See media help. ... Radiohead are an English alternative rock band from Oxfordshire. ... Motion Picture Soundtrack is the tenth and final song on Radioheads album Kid A (2000). ... This article is about the Radiohead album. ... Sufjan Stevens (IPA pronunciation: ) (born July 1, 1975) is an American singer-songwriter and musician from Petosky, Michigan. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... For other uses, see Nico (disambiguation). ... The Velvet Underground and Nico (from left to right: John Cale, Nico, Lou Reed, Sterling Morrison, and Maureen Tucker) The Velvet Underground (Affectionately known as The Velvets, or V.U. for short) was an American rock and roll band of the late 1960s. ... The Zombies, formed in 1961 in St Albans, were an English rock band. ... Lawrence Gowan is a Canadian musician, who has been both a solo artist and a member of the band Styx. ... Styx (pronounced sticks) is an American rock band that was popular in the 1970s and 1980s, with such hits as Come Sail Away, Babe, Lady, Suite Madame Blue, Mr. ... For the Australian film composer, see Brian May (composer). ... Queen are an English rock band formed in 1970 in London by guitarist Brian May, lead vocalist Freddie Mercury, and drummer Roger Taylor, with bassist John Deacon joining the following year. ... Teo Torriatte (Let Us Cling Together) is a song from the 1976 Queen album A Day at the Races and is written by guitarist Brian May. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Jeffrey Scott Buckley (November 17, 1966 – May 29, 1997), raised as Scotty Moorhead,[1] was an acclaimed American singer-songwriter and guitarist. ... Grace is the first and only complete studio album by Jeff Buckley, released on August 23, 1994 (see 1994 in music). ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Merry Xmas Everybody is a single by the English glam-rock band Slade. ... Julie Feeney (born 1978) is an Irish singer-songwriter, whose first album, 13 songs, became one of the most acclaimed and sought-after albums released in Ireland in 2005[]. // A native of Athenry, Co. ... The Bee Gees: Maurice, Barry and Robin The Bee Gees were a British and Australian band, originally a pop singer-songwriter combination, reborn as funk and disco. ... link titleHoliday is a song sung by hugely successful band, the Bee Gees, also known as the Brothers Gibb. ... The White Album, see The Beatles (album). ... Music sample Strawberry Fields Forever Problems? See media help. ... We Can Work It Out is a song written by Paul McCartney and John Lennon and released by The Beatles as a double A-sided single with Day Tripper. The song is a classic instance of true Lennon-McCartney collaboration, its authors meeting more closely in a single song only... This article is about The Beatles song. ... There is more than one thing called Sexy Sadie: Sexy Sadie (song), a song by The Beatles. ... Being for the Benefit of Mr. ... The Word is a song by The Beatles first released on their 1965 album Rubber Soul. ... Sir James Paul McCartney, MBE (born 18 June 1942) is an English singer-songwriter, composer, multi-instrumentalist, poet, entrepreneur, painter, record producer, film producer and animal-rights activist. ... Flowers in the Dirt is Paul McCartneys comeback album, released in 1989. ... The Penguin Cafe Orchestras eponymous album of 1981 The Penguin Cafe Orchestra was a loose assembly of various musicians headed by classically-trained guitarist, composer and arranger Simon Jeffes (Sussex, England, 1949-1997). ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Hocus Pocus is a 1971 song from Moving Waves, the second album by the Dutch rock group Focus. ... Punch-Drunk Love is a 2002 film written and directed by Paul Thomas Anderson. ... Ed Harcourt. ... Strangers is the third full length studio album by British singer-songwriter Ed Harcourt. ... Talk Talk was a popular English music group that was active from 1981 to 1991. ... Spirit of Eden is a 1988 album by Talk Talk, their fourth by this point. ... For other uses, see Laughing stock (disambiguation) Laughing Stock was Talk Talks fifth and final album, released in 1991. ... Ivor Cutler (15 January 1923 – 3 March 2006) was a Scottish poet, songwriter and humorist. ... Tori Amos (born Myra Ellen Amos on August 22, 1963) is an American pianist and singer-songwriter. ... Boys For Pele, the Grammy-nominated third album by singer and songwriter Tori Amos, is perhaps her least well-known and yet best-selling album to date. ... Cornershop is a British indie band formed in Leicester in 1992 by Wolverhampton-born Tjinder Singh (singer, songwriter, and dholaki player), his brother Avtar Singh (bass guitar, vocals), David Chambers (drums) and Ben Ayres (guitar, keyboards, and tamboura), the first three having previously been members of Preston-based band General... This article concerns Xiu Xiu, the California-based rock band. ... Diane Cluck is a Georgia-based singer-songwriter loosely affiliated with the Anti-folk scene centered around open mic nights at the Sidewalk Cafe in Manhattans East Village. ... Krishna Das (born Jeffrey Kagel May 31, 1947 in Long Island, New York) is a singer who performs Indian chants called kirtans. ... Thomas Alan Waits (born December 7, 1949) is an American singer-songwriter, composer, and actor. ... Swordfishtrombones is an album by American singer-songwriter Tom Waits, released in September of 1983 (see 1983 in music). ... “Space” Mandino is an American singer-songwriter from Chicago, Illinois, known for his overtone singing, five-string banjo and harmonium. ... Peter Hayes (b. ... Roger Hodgson (born Charles Roger Pomfret Hodgson, 21 March 1950, in Portsmouth, Hampshire, England) is a British vocalist and musician, and he was one of the founding members of the progressive rock group Supertramp. ... This article is about the band. ... Beck Hansen (born Bek David Campbell, July 8, 1970) is an American musician, songwriter and multi-instrumentalist. ... Vanessa Lee Carlton (born August 16, 1980) is an American soft rock/Piano pop singer, songwriter, and pianist best known for the single A Thousand Miles from her debut album, Be Not Nobody which was released April 30, 2002, which was certified platinum in the U.S. The commercial failure...

External links

• The Classical Harmonium
• Indian Harmonium Page
• Harmonium FAQ
• Official Website of Pt. Manohar Chimote
• Official Website of Pt. Rajendra Vaishampayan

References