Rhodes is the capital of the District of the Dodecanese and of the Province of Rhodes, which also includes the nearby islands of Symi, Tilos, Chalki and Kastellorizo.
In 164 BC, Rhodes signed a treaty with Rome, and became a major schooling center for Roman noble families, and was especially noted for its teachers of rhetoric, such as Hermagoras and the author of the Rhetorica ad Herennium.
In 1912, Rhodes was seized from the Turks by the Italians, and in 1947, together with the other islands of the Dodecanese, was united with Greece.