Harry Lloyd Hopkins

Harry Lloyd Hopkins (August 17, 1890 – January 29, 1946) was one of Franklin Delano Roosevelt's closest advisors. He was one of the architects of the New Deal, especially the relief programs of the Works Progress Administration (WPA), which he directed and built into the largest employer in the country. In World War II he was Roosevelt's chief diplomatic advisor and troubleshooter and was a key policy maker in the $50 billion Lend Lease program that sent aid to the allies. Download high resolution version (700x951, 186 KB) Credit: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Department of Commerce [1] Harry Lloyd Hopkins, Secretary of Commerce Source http://www. ... Download high resolution version (700x951, 186 KB) Credit: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Department of Commerce [1] Harry Lloyd Hopkins, Secretary of Commerce Source http://www. ... August 17 is the 229th day of the year (230th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1890 (MDCCCXC) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar). ... January 29 is the 29th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... Franklin Delano Roosevelt (January 30, 1882–April 12, 1945), 32nd President of the United States, the longest-serving holder of the office and the only man to be elected President more than twice, was one of the central figures of 20th century history. ... The New Deal was the title President Franklin D. Roosevelt gave to the series of programs initiated between 1933–1938 with the goal of relief, recovery and reform of the United States economy during the Great Depression. ... WPA Graphic The Works Progress Administration (later Work Projects Administration, abbreviated WPA), was created on May 6, 1935 by Presidential order (Congress funded it annually but did not set it up). ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... Wikisource has original text related to this article: Lend-Lease This article is about the World War II program. ...

Social work

Harry Hopkins was born at 512 Tenth Street in Sioux City, Iowa, the fourth child of David Aldona and Anna (nee Pickett) Hopkins. He attended Grinnell College and soon after his graduation in 1912 took a job with Christodora House, a social settlement in New York City's Lower East Side ghetto. In the spring of 1913 he accepted a position with the New York Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor (AICP) as "friendly visitor" and superintendent of the Employment Bureau. In October 1913, Harry Hopkins married Ethel Gross and the couple eventually had three sons: David (1914-1980), Robert (1921-2007) and Stephen (1925-1944). Sioux City (IPA: ) is a city located in northwest Iowa in the United States. ... Grinnell College is a small liberal arts college in Grinnell, Iowa. ... 1912 (MCMXII) was a leap year starting on Monday in the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday in the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... New York, NY redirects here. ... Year 1913 (MCMXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday. ... Year 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for full calendar). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... 1925 (MCMXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar). ... 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ...

In 1915, New York City Mayor John Purroy Mitchel appointed Hopkins executive secretary of the Bureau of Child Welfare which administered pensions to mothers with dependent children. 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar). ... John Purroy Mitchel (July 19, 1879 - July 6, 1918) was the mayor of New York 1914-1917, and at age 34 the youngest ever; he was sometimes referred to as The Boy Mayor of New York. ...

With America's entrance into World War I, Hopkins moved his family to New Orleans where he worked for the American Red Cross as director of Civilian Relief, Gulf Division. Eventually, the Gulf Division of the Red Cross merged with the Southwestern Division and Hopkins, headquartered now in Atlanta, was appointed general manager in 1921. Hopkins helped draft a charter for the American Association of Social Workers (AASW) and was elected its president in 1923. “The Great War” redirects here. ... Nickname: Location in the State of Louisiana and the United States Coordinates: Country United States State Louisiana Parish Orleans Founded 1718 Government  - Mayor Ray Nagin (D) Area  - City  350. ... A WWII-era poster encouraged American women to volunteer for the Red Cross as part of the war effort. ... Hotlanta redirects here. ... 1923 (MCMXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar). ...

In 1922, Hopkins returned to New York City where he became general director of the New York Tuberculosis Association. During his tenure, the agency grew enormously and absorbed the New York Heart Association. Year 1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar). ... The New York Heart Association is chiefly known for its NYHA classification of heart failure. ...

When the Great Depression hit, New York State Governor Franklin D. Roosevelt called on Hopkins to run the first state relief organization in the nation – the Temporary Emergency Relief Administration (TERA). Hopkins and Eleanor Roosevelt began a long friendship, which strengthened his role in relief programs. The Great Depression was a time of economic down turn, which started after the stock market crash on October 29, 1929, known as Black Tuesday. ... FDR redirects here. ... Anna Eleanor Roosevelt (October 11, 1884 – November 7, 1962) was an American political leader who used her stature as First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945 to promote her husbands (Franklin D. Roosevelts) New Deal, as well as civil rights. ...

New Deal

In March 1933 Roosevelt summoned Hopkins to Washington as federal relief administrator. Convinced that paid work was psychologically more valuable than cash handouts (the "dole"), Hopkins sought to continue and expand the Hoover administrations' work-relief programs, especially FERA. He supervised the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA), the Civil Works Administration (CWA), and the Works Progress Administration (WPA). Over 90% of the people employed by the Hopkins programs were unemployed or on relief. He feuded with Harold Ickes, who ran a rival program the PWA which also created jobs but did not require applicants be unemployed or on relief. Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) was the committee established as a result of Federal Emergency Relief Act. ... Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) was the new name given by the Roosevelt Administration to the Emergency Relief Administration set up by Herbert Hoover in 1932. ... The Civil Works Administration was established by the New Deal during the Great Depression to create jobs for millions of the unemployed. ... WPA Graphic The Works Progress Administration (later Work Projects Administration, abbreviated WPA), was created on May 6, 1935 by Presidential order (Congress funded it annually but did not set it up). ... Harold LeClair Ickes (March 15, 1874–February 3, 1952) was a U.S. administrator and political figure. ... PWA may stand for: Pirates With Attitude, a warez release group Public Works Administration, a New Deal program in 1930s under Harold Ickes Pacific Western Airlines Progressive Writers Association Person With AIDS PWA/UWA Hardcore Wrestling Philippine Web Awards Professional Windsurfers Association [1] Pagan Webcrafters Association [2] Portfolio of Water...

Although Hopkins denied saying "Spend-Spend-Spend; Tax-Tax-Tax; Elect-Elect-Elect," conservative critics thought the slogan fit the New Deal very well

FERA, the largest program from 1933-35, was a continuation of Hoover's relief program and involved giving money to localities to operate work relief. CWA was similar, but focused on short-term projects (like maintenance work) that left little visible impact. The WPA was dramatically new because it operated on its own. It selected projects with the cooperation of local and state government but operated them with its own staff and budget. Hopkins started programs for youth (National Youth Administration) and for artists and writers (Federal One Programs). He and Eleanor Roosevelt worked together to publicize and defend New Deal relief programs. He was concerned with rural areas but more and more focused on Cities in the great depression. Critics charged that his WPA, with 2 million men employed, who voted 90% Democratic, was the first national political machine. Others said the business owners had preceeded the Hopkins effort by decades. Hopkins had plans for becoming president they were shattered in 1940 by the Hatch Act which made it illegal to use the WPA for political purposes. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1902x1319, 283 KB) Summary US cartoon Kansas City Star, Nov 28 1938 is parody of New Dealer Harry Hopkins Licensing This image is a single panel from the interior of a single issue of a comic book and the copyright for... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1902x1319, 283 KB) Summary US cartoon Kansas City Star, Nov 28 1938 is parody of New Dealer Harry Hopkins Licensing This image is a single panel from the interior of a single issue of a comic book and the copyright for... The National Youth Administration (NYA) was a New Deal agency in the United States. ... Categories: Historical stubs | New Deal ... Throughout the industrial world, cities were hard hit by the Great Depression that began in 1929. ... The name Hatch Act is given to two unrelated pieces of United States federal legislation The Hatch Act of 1887 created agricultural experiment stations. ...

World War II

News photo of Hopkins departing for Britain, January 1941

During the war years, Hopkins acted as FDR's unofficial emissary to British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and Soviet leader Joseph Stalin. Visiting Britain in spring 1941, he had a major voice in making policy for the vast $50 billion Lend-Lease program, especially regarding supplies, first for Britain and then (upon the German invasion) Russia too. Hopkins promoted an aggressive war against Germany and successfully urged Roosevelt to use the Navy to protect convoys before the US entered the war in December 1941. Roosevelt brought him along as advisor to his meetings with Churchill at Cairo, Tehran and Casablanca in 1942-43. He was a firm supporter of China, which received Lend lease aid for its military and air force. Hopkins wielded more diplomatic power than the entire State Department. Hopkins helped identify and sponsor numerous potential leaders, including Dwight D. Eisenhower. He continued to live in the White House and saw the president more often than any other advisor. Although Hopkins' health --always poor--was steadily declining, Roosevelt sent him on additional trips to Europe in 1945; he attended the Yalta conference in February 1945. He tried to resign after Roosevelt died but President Harry S. Truman, recognizing the value of his services, sent him on one more mission to Moscow. Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 419 × 599 pixel Image in higher resolution (3162 × 4518 pixel, file size: 2. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 419 × 599 pixel Image in higher resolution (3162 × 4518 pixel, file size: 2. ... Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, FRS, PC (Can) (30 November 1874 – 24 January 1965) was a British statesman, soldier, and author. ... “Stalin” redirects here. ... Chiang, Roosevelt, and Churchill in Cairo, 11/25/1943 The Cairo Conference of November 22-26, 1943, held in Cairo, Egypt, addressed the Allied position against Japan during World War II and made decisions about postwar Asia. ... Image:Teheran Conference, 1943. ... President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill. ... Dwight David Ike Eisenhower, born David Dwight Eisenhower (October 14, 1890 - March 28, 1969) was an American soldier and politician, who served as the thirty-fourth President of the United States (1953-1961). ... President Truman announces that Germany had surrendered (May 8 1945) Harry S. Truman (May 8, 1884 – December 26, 1972) was the thirty-third President of the United States (1945–1953); as Vice President, he succeeded to the office upon the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt. ... Location Position of Moscow in Europe Government Country District Subdivision Russia Central Federal District Federal City Mayor Yuriy Luzhkov Geographical characteristics Area  - City 1,081 km² Population  - City (2007)    - Density 10,469,000   9684. ...

Death and remembrance

Hopkins died in New York City in January 1946, succumbing to a long and debilitating battle with stomach cancer. Stomach cancer (also called gastric cancer) can develop in any part of the stomach and may spread throughout the stomach and to other organs; particularly the esophagus and the small intestine. ...

There is a house on the Grinnell College campus named after him. Grinnell College is a small liberal arts college in Grinnell, Iowa. ...

Harry Hopkins is portrayed by Stephen Zelezny in the 2007 version of "New Deal or No Deal: FDR's Solution to the Great Depression."

References

Secondary sources

• Adams, Henry Hitch. Harry Hopkins: A Biography (1977)
• Hopkins, June. Harry Hopkins: Sudden Hero, Brash Reformer (1999) biography by HH's granddaughter.
• Hopkins, June. "The Road Not Taken: Harry Hopkins and New Deal Work Relief" Presidential Studies Quarterly Vol. 29, 1999
• Howard; Donald S. The WPA and Federal Relief Policy (1943)
• McJimsey George T. Harry Hopkins: Ally of the Poor and Defender of Democracy (1987), biography.
• Meriam; Lewis. Relief and Social Security The Brookings Institution. 1946. Highly detailed analysis and statistical summary of all New Deal relief programs; 900 pages
• Sherwood, Robert E. Roosevelt and Hopkins (1948), memoir by senior FDR aide; Pulitzer Prize.
• Singleton, Jeff. The American Dole: Unemployment Relief and the Welfare State in the Great Depression (2000)
• Smith, Jason Scott. Building New Deal Liberalism: The Political Economy of Public Works, 1933-1956 (2005)
• Romerstein, Herbert and Breindel, Eric. The Venona Secrets: Exposing Soviet Espionage and America's Traitors, Regnery Publishing, Inc., (2000).
• Jordan, George Racey. From Major Jordan's Diaries, Harcourt, Brace and Company (1952).
• Andrew, Christopher and Gordievsky, Oleg. KGB: The Inside Story, HarperCollins, (1990).

Liberalism is an ideology, philosophical view, and political tradition which holds that liberty is the primary political value. ...

World War II

• Allen, R.G.D. "Mutual Aid between the U.S. and the British Empire, 1941—5", in Journal of the Royal Statistical Society no. 109 #3, 1946. pp 243-77 online at www.jstor.org detailed statistical data on Lend Lease
• Clarke, Sir Richard. Anglo-American Economic Collaboration in War and Peace, 1942-1949. (1982), British perspective
• Dawson, Raymond H. The Decision to Aid Russia, 1941: Foreign Policy and Domestic Politics (1959)]
• Dobson, Alan P. U.S. Wartime Aid to Britain, 1940-1946 London, 1986.
• Herring Jr. George C. Aid to Russia, 1941-1946: Strategy, Diplomacy, the Origins of the Cold War (1973)]
• Kimball, Warren F. The Most Unsordid Act: Lend-Lease, 1939-1941 (1969).
• Louis, William Roger. Imperialism at Bay: The United States and the Decolonization of the British Empire, 1941-1945. 1977.
• Reynolds, David. The Creation of the Anglo-American Alliance 1937-1941: A Study on Competitive Cooperation (1981)
• Thorne, Christopher. Allies of a Kind: The United States, Britain and the War Against Japan, 1941-1945 1978.
• Woods, Randall Bennett. A Changing of the Guard: Anglo-American Relations, 1941-1946 (1990)

The British Empire in 1897, marked in pink, the traditional colour for Imperial British dominions on maps. ... // Cecil Rhodes: Cape-Cairo railway project. ... Colonialism in 1945 Decolonization refers to the achievement of independence by the various Western colonies and protectorates in Asia and Africa following World War II. This conforms with an intellectual movement known as Post-Colonialism. ...

External Sources

• Works by the Works Progress Administration at Project Gutenberg slave narratives
• Living New Deal project, California
• Posters from the WPA at the Library of Congress
• Database of WPA murals
• Text and Graphics from 1937 WPA Brochure: "Our Job with the WPA"
• Text and Graphics from 1939 WPA Brochure: "QUESTION'S AND ANSWERS ON THE WPA"
• WPA Membership Card and Lapel Pin
• Samples of WPA Work Assignment Forms used in the 1930s