| Harry S. Truman |
|
| In office
April 12, 1945 – January 20, 1953 | | Vice President | None (1945–1949),
Alben W. Barkley (1949–1953) | | Preceded by | Franklin D. Roosevelt | | Succeeded by | Dwight D. Eisenhower |
| In office
January 20, 1945 – April 12, 1945 | | President | Franklin D. Roosevelt | | Preceded by | Henry A. Wallace | | Succeeded by | Alben W. Barkley |
| In office
January 3, 1935 – January 17, 1945 | | Preceded by | Roscoe C. Patterson | | Succeeded by | Frank P. Briggs |
| | Born | May 8, 1884(1884-05-08)
Lamar, Missouri | | Died | December 26, 1972 (aged 88)
Kansas City, Missouri | | Political party | Democratic | | Spouse | Bess Wallace Truman | | Occupation | Small businessman (haberdasher), farmer | | Religion | Baptist | | Signature |
 | | Military service | | Service/branch | United States Army
Missouri National Guard | | Years of service | 1905-1920 | | Rank | Colonel | | Commands | Battery D, 129th Field Artillery, 60th Brigade, 35th Infantry Division | | Battles/wars | World War I | Harry S. Truman (May 8, 1884 – December 26, 1972) was the thirty-third President of the United States (1945–1953). As vice president, he succeeded Franklin D. Roosevelt, who died less than three months after he began his fourth term. Harry Truman: Is most likely: Harry S. Truman, the 33rd President of the United States Can also be: The victim of Mt. ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (512x641, 94 KB) This image is a work of an employee of the Executive Office of the President of the United States, taken or made during the course of the persons official duties. ...
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is the 102nd day of the year (103rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar). ...
is the 20th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1953 (MCMLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Alben William Barkley (November 24, 1877 – April 30, 1956) was a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives and the United States Senate from Kentucky, and the thirty-fifth Vice President of the United States. ...
FDR redirects here. ...
Dwight David Eisenhower, born David Dwight Eisenhower (October 14, 1890 – March 28, 1969), nicknamed Ike, was a five-star General in the United States Army and U.S. politician, who served as the thirty-fourth President of the United States (1953–1961). ...
The Vice President of the United States[1] (sometimes referred to as VPOTUS,[2] Veep, or VP) is the first person in the presidential line of succession, becoming the new President of the United States upon the death, resignation, or removal of the president. ...
is the 20th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar). ...
is the 102nd day of the year (103rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar). ...
FDR redirects here. ...
Henry Agard Wallace (October 7, 1888 – November 18, 1965) was the 33rd Vice President of the United States (1941–45), the 11th Secretary of Agriculture (1933–40), and the 10th Secretary of Commerce (1945–46). ...
Alben William Barkley (November 24, 1877 – April 30, 1956) was a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives and the United States Senate from Kentucky, and the thirty-fifth Vice President of the United States. ...
Missouri was admitted to the Union on August 10, 1821. ...
This article is about the U.S. state. ...
is the 3rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
1935 (MCMXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar). ...
is the 17th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar). ...
For the U.S. Senator from New York whom this person was named after, see Roscoe Conkling. ...
Frank Parks Briggs (February 25, 1894 - September 23, 1992) was a United States Senator from Missouri. ...
is the 128th day of the year (129th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1884 (MDCCCLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ...
Lamar is a city located in Barton County, Missouri. ...
is the 360th day of the year (361st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Nickname: Location in Jackson, Clay, Platte, and Cass Counties in the state of Missouri. ...
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Elizabeth Virginia Wallace Truman (February 13, 1885 – October 18, 1982), often known as Bess Truman, was the wife of Harry S Truman and First Lady of the United States from 1945 to 1953. ...
Mom and pop store redirects here. ...
A businessperson is a generic term for someone who is employed at a profit-oriented enterprise, or more specifically, someone who is involved in the management (at any level) of a company. ...
A haberdasher is a person who sells small items via retail, commonly items used in clothing, such as ribbons and buttons, or completed accessories, such as hats or gloves. ...
For other uses, see Farmer (disambiguation). ...
Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations · Other religions Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Luther Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Archbishop of Canterbury · Catholic Pope Coptic Pope · Ecumenical Patriarch Christianity Portal This box: Baptist is...
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The United States Army is the largest, and by some standards oldest, established branch of the armed forces of the United States and is one of seven uniformed services. ...
Seal of the National Guard Bureau Seal of the Army National Guard Seal of the Air National Guard Seal of the National Guard Missile Defense The United States National Guard is a component of the United States Army (the Army National Guard) and the United States Air Force (the Air...
Please see Colonel for other countries which use this rank Insignia of a United States Colonel Colonel is a rank of the United States armed forces. ...
Shoulder Sleeve Insignia of the 35th Infantry Division. ...
“The Great War †redirects here. ...
is the 128th day of the year (129th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1884 (MDCCCLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ...
is the 360th day of the year (361st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas US Government Portal For other uses, see President of the United States (disambiguation). ...
The Vice President of the United States[1] (sometimes referred to as VPOTUS,[2] Veep, or VP) is the first person in the presidential line of succession, becoming the new President of the United States upon the death, resignation, or removal of the president. ...
FDR redirects here. ...
During World War I Truman served as an artillery officer. After the war he became part of the political machine of Tom Pendergast and was elected a county judge in Missouri and eventually a United States Senator. After he gained national prominence as head of the wartime Truman Committee, Truman replaced vice president Henry A. Wallace as Roosevelt's running mate in 1944. “The Great War †redirects here. ...
Branch insignia of the U.S. Army Field Artillery, representing two crossed field guns The U.S. Army Field Artillery was founded on 17 November 1775 by the Continental Congress, which unanimously elected Henry Knox Colonel of the Regiment of Artillery. The regiment formally entered service on 1 Jan 1776. ...
In this 1899 cartoon from Puck, all of New York City politics revolves around boss Richard Croker A political machine is an unofficial system of a political organization based on patronage, the spoils system, behind-the-scenes control, and longstanding political ties within the structure of a representative democracy. ...
Thomas Joseph Pendergast (July 22, 1873 – January 26, 1945) controlled Kansas City as a political boss. ...
This article is about the U.S. state. ...
Type Upper House President of the Senate Richard B. Cheney, R since January 20, 2001 President pro tempore Robert C. Byrd, D since January 4, 2007 Members 100 Political groups Democratic Party Republican Party Last elections November 7, 2006 Meeting place Senate Chamber United States Capitol Washington, DC United States...
Henry Agard Wallace (October 7, 1888 – November 18, 1965) was the 33rd Vice President of the United States (1941–45), the 11th Secretary of Agriculture (1933–40), and the 10th Secretary of Commerce (1945–46). ...
A running mate is a person running for a subordinate position on a joint ticket during an election. ...
As president, Truman faced challenge after challenge in domestic affairs. The disorderly reconversion of the economy of the United States was marked by severe shortages, numerous strikes, and the passage of the Taft-Hartley Act over his veto. He confounded all predictions to win re-election in 1948, largely due to his famous Whistle Stop Tour of rural America. After his re-election he was able to pass only one of the proposals in his Fair Deal program. He used executive orders to begin desegregation of the U.S. armed forces and to launch a system of loyalty checks to remove thousands of communist sympathizers from government office, even though he strongly opposed mandatory loyalty oaths for governmental employees, a stance that led to charges that his administration was soft on communism. Truman's presidency was also eventful in foreign affairs, with the end of World War II and his decision to use nuclear weapons against Japan, the founding of the United Nations, the Marshall Plan to rebuild Europe, the Truman Doctrine to contain communism, the beginning of the Cold War, the creation of NATO, and the Korean War. Corruption in Truman's administration reached the cabinet and senior White House staff. Republicans made corruption a central issue in the 1952 campaign. The economy of the United States has been the worlds largest national economy since the late 1890s;[1] its gross domestic product (GDP) was estimated as $13. ...
The Labor-Management Relations Act, commonly known as the Taft-Hartley Act, is a United States federal law that greatly restricts the activities and power of labor unions. ...
This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...
The United States presidential election of 1948 is considered by most historians as the greatest election upset in American history. ...
President Harry S. Truman at the mic, left Harley O. Staggers & Alben W. Barkley. ...
In United States history, the Fair Deal was U.S. President Harry S Trumans policy of social improvement, outlined in his 1949 State of the Union Address to Congress on January 5, 1949. ...
Manifestations Slavery Racial profiling Lynching Hate speech Hate crime Genocide (examples) Ethnocide Ethnic cleansing Pogrom Race war Religious persecution Blood libel Paternalism Police brutality Movements Policies Discriminatory Race / Religion / Sex segregation Apartheid Redlining Internment Ethnocracy Anti-discriminatory Affirmative action in the United States Emancipation Civil rights Desegregation Integration Equal opportunity...
The United States Armed Forces are the overall unified military forces of the United States. ...
This article is about the form of society and political movement. ...
A loyalty oath is an oath of loyalty to an organization, institution, or state to which an individual is a member. ...
For a history, see Timeline of United States diplomatic history For the published diplomatic papers, see The Foreign Relations of the United States For Foreign relations under George W. Bush, see Foreign policy of the George W. Bush administration. ...
Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki TÅjÅ Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000...
The mushroom cloud of the atomic bombing of Nagasaki, Japan, 1945, rose some 18 km (11 mi) above the epicenter. ...
UN redirects here. ...
Map of Cold-War era Europe and the Near East showing countries that received Marshall Plan aid. ...
For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ...
The Truman Doctrine was a proclamation by U.S. president Harry S. Truman on March 12, 1947. ...
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This article is about the military alliance. ...
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The Cabinet meets in the Cabinet Room on May 16, 2001. ...
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Presidential electoral votes by state. ...
Truman, whose demeanor was very different from that of the patrician Roosevelt, was a folksy, unassuming president. He popularized such phrases as "The buck stops here" and "If you can't stand the heat, you better get out of the kitchen."[1] He overcame the low expectations of many political observers who compared him unfavorably with his highly regarded predecessor. At one point in his second term, near the end of the Korean War, Truman's public opinion ratings reached the lowest of any United States president. Despite negative public opinion during his term in office, popular and scholarly assessments of his presidency became more positive after his retirement from politics and the publication of his memoirs. He died in 1972. Many U.S. scholars today rank him among the top ten presidents. Truman's legendary upset victory in 1948 over Thomas E. Dewey is routinely invoked by underdog presidential candidates. Famous The Buck Stops Here sign from President Harry Trumans desk The buck stops here is a term that was popularized by U.S. President Harry Truman. ...
Sculptor Gutzon Borglum and Presidents Calvin Coolidge selected Washington, Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt, and Lincoln to appear on Mount Rushmore. ...
The United States presidential election of 1948 is considered by most historians as the greatest election upset in American history. ...
Thomas Edmund Dewey (March 24, 1902 – March 16, 1971) was the Governor of New York (1943-1954) and the unsuccessful Republican candidate for the U.S. Presidency in 1944 and 1948. ...
Personal life Truman was born on May 8, 1884 in Lamar, Missouri, the second child of John Anderson Truman (1851-1914) and Martha Ellen Young Truman (1852-1947). His parents chose the name Harry after his mother's brother, Harrison Young (1846-1916), Harry's uncle.[2] His parents chose "S" as his middle name, in attempt to please both of Harry's grandfathers, Anderson Shippe Truman and Solomon Young; the initial did not actually stand for anything, as was a common practice among Scots-Irish.[3][4] A brother, John Vivian (1886–1965), soon followed, along with sister Mary Jane Truman (1889–1978). is the 128th day of the year (129th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1884 (MDCCCLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ...
Lamar is a city located in Barton County, Missouri. ...
This article is about the U.S. state. ...
Scots-Irish (also called Ulster Scots) is a Scottish ethnic group that historically resided in Ireland which ultimately traces its roots back to settlers from Scotland, and to a lesser extent, England. ...
John Truman was a farmer and livestock dealer. The family lived in Lamar until Harry was ten months old. They then moved to a farm near Harrisonville, then to Belton, and in 1887 to his grandparents' 600 acre (240 ha) farm in Grandview.[5] When Truman was six, his parents moved the family to Independence, so he could attend the Presbyterian Church Sunday School. Truman did not attend a traditional school until he was eight. Harrisonville is a city in Cass County, Missouri, United States. ...
Belton is a city in Cass County, Missouri, near Kansas City. ...
Grandview is a city located in Jackson County, Missouri. ...
Presbyterianism is part of the Reformed churches family of denominations of Christian Protestantism based on the teachings of John Calvin which traces its institutional roots to the Scottish Reformation, especially as led by John Knox. ...
As a young boy, Truman had three main interests: music, reading, and history, all encouraged by his mother. He was very close to his mother for as long as she lived, and as president solicited political as well as personal advice from her.[6] He got up at five every morning to practice the piano, and went to a local music teacher twice a week until he was fifteen.[7] Truman also read a great deal of popular history. He was a page at the 1900 Democratic National Convention at Convention Hall in Kansas City.[8] Pianoforte redirects here. ...
Convention Hall The 1900 Democratic National Convention was a United States presidential nominating convention that took place the week of July 4, 1900 at Convention Hall in Kansas City, Missouri. ...
Convention Hall Convention Hall was a convention center in Kansas City, Missouri that hosted the 1900 Democratic National Convention and 1928 Republican National Convention. ...
Nickname: Location in Jackson, Clay, Platte, and Cass Counties in the state of Missouri. ...
After graduating from Independence High School (now William Chrisman High School) in 1901, Truman worked as a timekeeper on the Santa Fe Railroad, sleeping in "hobo camps" near the rail lines;[9] he then worked at a series of clerical jobs. He returned to the Grandview farm in 1906 and stayed there until 1917 when he went into military service. William Chrisman High School is a High School located in Independence, Missouri. ...
The Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway (AAR reporting marks ATSF), often abbreviated as Santa Fe, was one of the largest railroads in the United States. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
The physically demanding work he put in on the Grandview farm was a formative experience. During this period he courted Bess Wallace and even proposed to her in 1911. She turned him down, and Truman said he wanted to make more money than a farmer before he proposed again. He did propose again in 1918, after coming back as a Captain from World War I, and she accepted. Elizabeth Virginia Wallace Truman (February 13, 1885 – October 18, 1982), often known as Bess Truman, was the wife of Harry S Truman and First Lady of the United States from 1945 to 1953. ...
Truman was the only president who served after 1897 not to earn a college degree: poor eyesight prevented him from applying to West Point, his childhood dream, and financial constraints prevented him from securing a degree elsewhere.[6] He did, however, study for two years toward a law degree at the Kansas City Law School (now the University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Law) in the early 1920s. USMA redirects here. ...
The University of Missouri-Kansas City (abbreviated UMKC) is an institution of higher learning located in Kansas City, Missouri. ...
World War I  Truman in uniform ca. 1918 Truman enlisted in the Missouri National Guard in 1905, and served in it until 1911. With the onset of American participation in World War I, he rejoined the Guard. At his physical in 1905, his eyesight had been an unacceptable 20/50 in the right eye and 20/400 in the left.[10] Reportedly he passed by secretly memorizing the eye chart.[11] The United States National Guard is a reserve forces component of the United States Army (the Army National Guard) and the United States Air Force (the Air National Guard). ...
Traditional Snellen chart used for visual acuity testing. ...
Before going to France, he was sent to Camp Doniphan, adjacent to Fort Sill, near Lawton, Oklahoma for training. He ran the camp canteen with a Jewish friend, Sergeant Edward Jacobson, who had experience in a Kansas City clothing store as a clerk. At Ft. Sill he also met Lieutenant James M. Pendergast, the nephew of Thomas Joseph (T.J.) Pendergast, a Kansas City politician. Both men would have profound influences on later events in Truman's life.[12][13][14][15] Fort Sill is a United States Army post near Lawton, Oklahoma; about 85 miles southwest of Oklahoma City. ...
Lawton is a city in Comanche County, Oklahoma, United States. ...
Edward Jacobson (Born 17 June 1891, New York City - Died 25 October 1955, Kansas City, Missouri) was a Jewish American Kansas City businessman. ...
Thomas Joseph Pendergast (July 22, 1873 – January 26, 1945) controlled Kansas City as a political boss. ...
Truman was chosen to be an officer, and then battery commander in an artillery regiment in France. His unit was Battery D, 129th Field Artillery, 60th Brigade, 35th Infantry Division, known for its discipline problems.[16] During a sudden attack by the Germans in the Vosges Mountains, the battery started to disperse; Truman ordered them back into position using profanities that he had "learned while working on the Santa Fe railroad."[16] Shocked by the outburst, his men reassembled and followed him to safety. Under Captain Truman's command in France, the battery did not lose a single man.[16] The war was a transformative experience that brought out Truman's leadership qualities; he later rose to the rank of Colonel in the National Guard, and his war record made possible his later political career in Missouri.[16] Remains of a battery of English cannon from Youghal, County Cork. ...
Shoulder Sleeve Insignia of the 35th Infantry Division. ...
Typical landscape in Vosges mountains (Chajoux valley, La Bresse, France) Waterfall in eastern Vosges mountains Glacial lake in Vosges mountains (Lac de Schiessrothried) The Vosges Mountains is a range in eastern France, stretching along the west side of the Rhine valley in a NNE direction, from Belfort to Saverne. ...
Marriage and early business career At the war's conclusion, Truman returned to Independence and married his longtime love interest, Bess Wallace, on June 28, 1919. The couple had one child, Mary Margaret (born February 17, 1924 - January 29, 2008). Photo of the Trumans on the wedding day, Saturday, 28 June 1919, from the National Archives: http://www. ...
Photo of the Trumans on the wedding day, Saturday, 28 June 1919, from the National Archives: http://www. ...
is the 179th day of the year (180th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ...
is the 179th day of the year (180th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ...
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For the rap album, see 1924 (album). ...
is the 29th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ...
A month before the wedding, banking on their success at Fort Sill and overseas, Truman and Jacobson opened a haberdashery of the same name at 104 West 12th Street in downtown Kansas City. After a few successful years, the store went bankrupt during the recession of 1921, which greatly affected the farm economy.[6] Truman blamed the fall in farm prices on the policies of the Republicans; he worked to pay off the debts until 1934, just as he was going into the U.S. Senate, when banker William T. Kemper retrieved the note during the sale of a bankrupt bank and allowed Truman to pay it off for $1,000. (At the same time Kemper made a $1,000 contribution to Truman's campaign.) A haberdasher is a person who sells small items via retail, commonly items used in clothing, such as ribbons and buttons, or completed accessories, such as hats or gloves. ...
The post-WWI recession was an economic recession that hit much of the world after the First World War. ...
William Thornton Kemper, Sr. ...
Former comrades in arms and former business partners, Jacobson and Truman remained close friends for life. Decades later, Jacobson's advice to Truman on Zionism would play a critical role in the US government's decision to recognize Israel.[17] This article is about Zionism as a movement, not the History of Israel. ...
Politics
Jackson County judge In 1925, with the help of the Kansas City Democratic machine led by boss Tom Pendergast, Truman was elected as a judge of the County Court of the eastern district of Jackson County[6]—an administrative, not judicial, position similar to county commissioners elsewhere. Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas Politics Portal Further information: Politics of the United States#Organization of American political parties The Democratic...
In this 1899 cartoon from Puck, all of New York City politics revolves around boss Richard Croker A political machine is an unofficial system of a political organization based on patronage, the spoils system, behind-the-scenes control, and longstanding political ties within the structure of a representative democracy. ...
1869 tobacco label featuring Boss Tweed A boss, in political science, is a person who wields de facto power over a particular political region or constituency. ...
Thomas Joseph Pendergast (July 22, 1873 – January 26, 1945) controlled Kansas City as a political boss. ...
Jackson County is a county located in the U.S. state of Missouri. ...
In 1922, Truman gave a friend $10 for an initiation fee for the Ku Klux Klan but later asked to get his money back; he was never initiated, never attended a meeting, and never claimed membership.[18][19] Though Truman at times expressed anger towards Jews in his diaries, his business partner and close friend Edward Jacobson was Jewish.[20][21][22] Truman's attitudes toward blacks were typical of white Missourians of his era, and were expressed in his casual use of terms like "nigger." Years later, another measure of his racial attitudes would come to the forefront: tales of the abuse, violence, and persecution suffered by many African American veterans upon their return from World War II infuriated Truman, and were a major factor in his decision to use Executive Order 9981 to back civil rights initiatives and desegregate the armed forces.[23] Members of the second Ku Klux Klan at a rally during the 1920s. ...
Edward Jacobson (Born 17 June 1891, New York City - Died 25 October 1955, Kansas City, Missouri) was a Jewish American Kansas City businessman. ...
Though most indigenous Africans possess relatively dark skin, they exhibit much variation in physical appearance. ...
// Nigger is a racial slur used to refer to dark-skinned people, especially those of African ancestry. ...
Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki TÅjÅ Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000...
The Chicago Defender announces Executive Order 9981. ...
See also: American Civil Rights Movement (1955-1968) The civil rights movement in the United States has been a long, primarily nonviolent struggle to bring full civil rights and equality under the law to all Americans. ...
He was not reelected in 1924 but in 1926 was elected the presiding judge for the court and reelected in 1930.
In 1930 Truman coordinated the "Ten Year Plan," which transformed Jackson County and the Kansas City skyline with new public works projects, including an extensive series of roads, construction of a new Wight and Wight-designed County Court building, and the dedication of a series of 12 Madonna of the Trail monuments honoring pioneer women. Much of the building was done with Pendergast Ready Mixed concrete. Nelson Atkins Museum (before the 2007 remodeling) Wight and Wight was an architecture firm in Kansas City, Missouri consisting of the brothers Thomas Wight (1874-1949) and William Wight (1882-1947) who designed several landmark buildings in Missouri and Kansas. ...
Madonna of the Trail monument at Bethesda, Maryland Madonna of the Trail is a series of monuments dedicated to the spirit of pioneer women in the United States. ...
In 1933 Truman was named Missouri's director for the Federal Re-Employment program (part of the Civil Works Administration)at the request of Postmaster General James Farley as payback to Pendergast for delivering the Kansas City vote to Franklin D. Roosevelt in the 1932 presidential election. The appointment confirmed Pendergast's control over federal patronage jobs in Missouri and marked the zenith of his power. It was also to create a relationship between Truman and Harry Hopkins and assure avid Truman support for the New Deal.[24] 6,000 Men and a Scenic Boulevard; San Francisco, California, ca. ...
House Resolution 368, 97th Congress, 2nd Session, March 2 1982 Robert Caro, The Path to Power James (Jim) Aloysius Farley (May 30, 1888–June 9, 1976) was an American politician who served as head of the Democratic National Committee and Postmaster General. ...
Presidential electoral votes by state. ...
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Harry Lloyd Hopkins Harry Lloyd Hopkins (August 17, 1890 – January 29, 1946) was one of Franklin Delano Roosevelts closest advisors. ...
U.S. Senator
First term Truman was Tom Pendergast's chosen candidate in the 1934 U.S. Senate election for Missouri. During the Democratic primary, Truman defeated John J. Cochran and Tuck Milligan, the brother of federal prosecutor Maurice M. Milligan. Truman then defeated the incumbent Republican, Roscoe C. Patterson, by nearly 20 percent. Image File history File links Senator_Harry_Truman. ...
Image File history File links Senator_Harry_Truman. ...
Sedalia is a city located in Pettis County, Missouri, at the intersection of U.S. Highway 50 and U.S. Highway 65. ...
Republican holds Republican pickups Democratic holds Democratic pickups Simultaneous hold Farmer-Labor hold Progressive hold The United States Senate elections, 1934 were elections for the United States Senate which occurred in the middle of Democratic President Franklin Delano Roosevelts first term. ...
For other uses, see Primary. ...
John Joseph Cochran (August 11, 1880 - March 6, 1947) was a U.S. Representative from Missouri. ...
Maurice M. Milligan (1884-1959),a U.S. District Attorney for Western Missouri, is most famous for the successful 1939 prosecution of Kansas City boss Tom Pendergast. ...
For the U.S. Senator from New York whom this person was named after, see Roscoe Conkling. ...
During the election day, four people were killed at the polls, prompting various investigations into Kansas City election practices.
Truman assumed office under a cloud as "the senator from Pendergast." He gave patronage decisions to Pendergast but always maintained he voted his conscience. Truman always defended the patronage by saying that by offering a little, he saved a lot.
In his first term as a U.S. Senator, Truman spoke out bluntly against corporate greed, and warned about the dangers of Wall Street speculators and other moneyed special interests attaining too much influence in national affairs.[25] He was, however, largely ignored by President Roosevelt, who appears not to have taken him seriously at this stage. Truman reportedly had difficulty getting White House secretaries to return his calls.[26] Elaborate marble facade of NYSE as seen from the intersection of Broad and Wall Streets For other uses, see Wall Street (disambiguation). ...
The 1936 election of Pendergast-backed Governor Lloyd C. Stark revealed even bigger voter irregularities in Missouri than had been uncovered in 1934. Milligan prosecuted 278 defendants in vote fraud cases; he convicted 259. Stark turned on Pendergast, urged prosecution, and was able to wrest federal patronage from the Pendergast machine.[27] Lloyd Crow Stark (November 23, 1886 – September 17, 1972) was a Governor of the U.S. state of Missouri. ...
Ultimately Milligan discovered that Pendergast had not paid federal taxes between 1927 and 1937 and had conducted a fraudulent insurance scam. In 1939, Pendergast pled guilty and received a $10,000 fine and a 15-month sentence at Leavenworth Federal Prison. No charges were filed against Truman. The United States Penitentiary (USP), Leavenworth is located in Leavenworth, Kansas on 1,583 acres (6. ...
1940 election Truman's prospects for re-election to the Senate looked bleak. In 1940, both Stark and Maurice Milligan challenged him in the Democratic primary for the Senate. Robert E. Hannegan, who controlled St. Louis Democratic politics, threw his support in the election behind Truman. (Hannegan would go on to broker the 1944 deal that put Truman on the vice presidential ticket for Roosevelt.) Truman campaigned tirelessly and combatively. In the end, Stark and Milligan split the anti-Pendergast vote in the Democratic primary, with Stark and Milligan having more combined votes than Truman.[28] Republican holds Republican pickups Democratic holds Democratic pickups Progressive hold The United States Senate elections of 1940 were elections for the United States Senate which coincided with the election of Franklin Roosevelt to his third term as President. ...
Robert Emmet Hannegan was born on June 30, 1903, in St. ...
St. ...
In September 1940, during the general election campaign, Truman was elected Grand Master of the Missouri Grand Lodge of Freemasonry.[29] In November of that year, he defeated Kansas City State Senator Manvel H. Davis by over 40,000 votes and retained his Senate seat.[30] Truman said later that the Masonic election assured his victory in the general election over State Senator Davis.[31] In Freemasonry the Grand Master is the supreme ruler of the Craft within a given jurisdiction. ...
A Grand Lodge, or Grand Orient, is the usual governing body of Craft, or Blue Lodge, Freemasonry in a particular jurisdiction. ...
Freemasons redirects here. ...
Manvel Humphrey Davis (April 7, 1891 – February 10, 1959) was a member of the Missouri House of Representatives and Missouri State Senate. ...
The successful 1940 Senate campaign is regarded by many biographers as a personal triumph and vindication for Truman and as a precursor to the much more celebrated 1948 drive for the White House, another contest where he was underestimated.[32] It was the turning point of his political career.
Defense policy statements On June 23, 1941, the day after Nazi Germany attacked the Soviet Union, Senator Truman declared: "If we see that Germany is winning we ought to help Russia and if Russia is winning we ought to help Germany, and that way let them kill as many as possible, although I don't want to see Hitler victorious under any circumstances. Neither of them thinks anything of their pledged word."[33] Although the sentiment was in line with what many Americans felt at the time, it was regarded by later biographers as both inappropriate and cynical.[34][35] The remark was the first in a long series of prominently inopportune off-the-cuff statements by Truman to members of the national press corps. is the 174th day of the year (175th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
For other uses, see 1941 (disambiguation). ...
Nazi Germany, or the Third Reich, commonly refers to Germany in the years 1933–1945, when it was under the firm control of the totalitarian and fascist ideology of the Nazi Party, with the Führer Adolf Hitler as dictator. ...
Belligerents Germany Romania Finland Italy Hungary Slovakia Croatia Soviet Union Commanders Adolf Hitler Franz Halder Wilhelm Ritter von Leeb Fedor von Bock Gerd von Rundstedt Ernst Busch Erich Hoepner Alfred Keller Georg von Küchler Günther von Kluge Heinz Guderian Hermann Hoth Albrecht Kesselring Adolf Strauss Carl-Heinrich von...
Truman Committee Truman gained fame and respect when his preparedness committee (popularly known as the "Truman Committee") investigated the scandal of military wastefulness by exposing fraud and mismanagement. The Roosevelt administration had initially feared the Committee would hurt war morale, and Under Secretary of War Robert P. Patterson wrote to the president declaring it was "in the public interest" to suspend the committee. Truman wrote a letter to FDR saying that the committee was "100 percent behind the administration" and that it had no intention of criticizing the military conduct of the war.[36] The committee was considered a success and is reported to have saved at least $15 billion. Truman's advocacy of common-sense cost-saving measures for the military attracted much attention. In 1943, his work as chairman earned Truman his first appearance on the cover of Time. He would eventually appear on nine Time covers and be named the magazine's Man of the Year for 1945 and 1948.[37] After years as a marginal figure in the Senate, Truman was cast into the national spotlight after the success of the Truman Committee.[37] The Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations (PSI) of the U.S. Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs is currently chaired by Senator Norm Coleman (R-MN), with Carl Levin (D-MI) as a ranking member. ...
Line drawing of the Department of Wars seal. ...
Robert Porter Patterson was the United States Secretary of War under United States President Harry S. Truman from the 27th of September 1945 to the 18th of July, 1947. ...
FDR redirects here. ...
TIME redirects here. ...
Person of the Year is an annual issue of United States (U.S.) newsmagazine Time that features a profile on the man, woman, couple, group, idea, place, or machine that [1] // The tradition of selecting a Man of the Year began in 1927, when Time editors contemplated what they could...
Vice Presidency Following months of uncertainty over the president's preference for a running mate, Truman was selected as Roosevelt's vice presidential candidate in 1944 as the result of a deal worked out by Hannegan, who was Democratic National Chairman that year. Presidential electoral votes by state. ...
Although his public image remained that of a robust, engaged world leader, Roosevelt's physical condition was in fact rapidly deteriorating in mid-1944. A handful of key FDR advisers, including outgoing Democratic National Committee Chairman Frank C. Walker, incoming Chairman Robert Hannegan, party treasurer Edwin W. Pauley, strategist Ed Flynn, and lobbyist George E. Allen closed ranks in the summer of 1944 to "keep Henry Wallace off the ticket."[38] They considered Wallace, the incumbent vice president, too liberal, and had grave concerns about the possibility of his ascension to the presidency. Allen would later recall that each of these men "realized that the man nominated to run with Roosevelt would in all probability be the next President. . ."[39] Frank Comerford Walker (May 30, 1886–September 13, 1959) was a United States political figure. ...
Edwin Wendell Pauley Sr. ...
Born into a middle-class Irish family in the Bronx, Edward J. Flynn (1891-1953) rose to become one of the most influential Irish American political figures from 1920s to the 1950s. ...
Henry Agard Wallace (October 7, 1888 – November 18, 1965) was the 33rd Vice President of the United States (1941–45), the 11th Secretary of Agriculture (1933–40), and the 10th Secretary of Commerce (1945–46). ...
Modern liberalism in the United States is a form of liberalism that began in the United States in the last years of the 19th century and the early years of the 20th century. ...
After meeting personally with the party leaders, FDR agreed to replace Wallace as vice president; however, Roosevelt chose to leave the final selection of a running mate unresolved until the later stages of the Democratic National Convention in Chicago. James F. Byrnes of South Carolina was initially favored, but labor leaders opposed him (Roosevelt also opposed Byrnes, but was reluctant to disappoint any candidate and did not want to tell them directly, and famously told Hannegan to "clear it [Byrnes's nomination] with Sidney", meaning labor leader Sidney Hillman, a few days before the convention).[40] In addition, Byrnes's status as a segregationist gave him problems with Northern liberals,[41] and he was also considered vulnerable because of his conversion from Catholicism.[42][43] Reportedly, Roosevelt offered the position to Governor Henry F. Schricker of Indiana, but he declined.[44] Before the convention began, Roosevelt wrote a note saying he would accept either Truman or Supreme Court Justice William O. Douglas; state and city party leaders preferred Truman. Truman himself did not campaign directly or indirectly that summer for the number two spot on the ticket, and always maintained that he had not wanted the job of vice president. For other uses, see Chicago (disambiguation). ...
James Francis Byrnes (May 2, 1879 – April 9, 1972) was an American politician from the state of South Carolina. ...
Official language(s) English Capital Columbia Largest city Columbia Largest metro area Columbia Area Ranked 40th - Total 34,726 sq mi (82,965 km²) - Width 200 miles (320 km) - Length 260 miles (420 km) - % water 6 - Latitude 32° 2′ N to 35° 13′ N - Longitude 78° 32′ W to 83...
Sidney Hillman (March 23, 1887 - July 10, 1946) was an American labor leader. ...
Racial segregation characterised by separation of different races in daily life, such as eating in a restaurant, drinking from a water fountain, using a rest room, attending school, going to the movies, or in the rental or purchase of a home. ...
Catholic Church redirects here. ...
Henry Frederick Schricker (August 30, 1883 - December 28, 1966) was governor of the U.S. state of Indiana from 1941 to 1945 and from 1949 to 1953. ...
For other uses, see Indiana (disambiguation). ...
The Supreme Court of the United States (sometimes colloquially referred to by the acronym SCOTUS[1]) is the highest judicial body in the United States and leads the federal judiciary. ...
William Orville Douglas (October 16, 1898 – January 19, 1980) was a United States Supreme Court Associate Justice. ...
Truman's candidacy was humorously dubbed the second "Missouri Compromise" at the 1944 Democratic National Convention in Chicago, as his appeal to the party center contrasted with the liberal Wallace and the conservative Byrnes. The nomination was well received, and the Roosevelt-Truman team went on to score a 432–99 electoral-vote victory in the 1944 presidential election, defeating Governor Thomas E. Dewey of New York and Governor John Bricker of Ohio. Truman was sworn in as vice president on January 20, 1945, and served less than three months. The United States in 1820. ...
The 1944 Democratic National Convention was held at the Chicago Stadium in Chicago, Illinois from July 19 - July 21, 1944. ...
Electoral votes by state/federal district, for the elections of 2004 and 2008 The United States Electoral College is a term used to describe the 538 President Electors who meet every 4 years to cast the electoral votes for President and Vice President of the United States; their votes represent...
Presidential electoral votes by state. ...
Thomas Edmund Dewey (March 24, 1902 – March 16, 1971) was the Governor of New York (1943-1954) and the unsuccessful Republican candidate for the U.S. Presidency in 1944 and 1948. ...
This article is about the state. ...
This article needs cleanup. ...
This article is about the U.S. State. ...
is the 20th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar). ...
Truman's vice-presidency was relatively uneventful, and Roosevelt rarely contacted him, even to inform him of major decisions. Truman shocked many when he attended his disgraced patron Pendergast's funeral a few days after being sworn in. Truman was reportedly the only elected official who attended the funeral. Truman brushed aside the criticism, saying simply, "He was always my friend and I have always been his."[6]
On April 12, 1945, Truman was urgently called to the White House, where Eleanor Roosevelt informed him that the president had died after suffering a massive cerebral hemorrhage. Truman's first concern was for Mrs. Roosevelt. He asked if there was anything he could do for her, to which she replied, "Is there anything we can do for you? For you are the one in trouble now."[45] is the 102nd day of the year (103rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar). ...
Anna Eleanor Roosevelt (IPA: ; October 11, 1884 – November 7, 1962) was First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945. ...
A intracranial hemorrhage is a bleed into the substance of the cerebrum. ...
Presidency 1945–1953
First term (1945–1949)
Assuming office Truman had been vice president for only 82 days when President Roosevelt died. He had had very little meaningful communication with Roosevelt about world affairs or domestic politics after being sworn in as vice president, and was completely uninformed about major initiatives relating to the successful prosecution of the war—notably the top secret Manhattan Project, which was about to test the world's first atomic bomb. Image File history File links Official Presidential Portrait. ...
Image File history File links Official Presidential Portrait. ...
Greta Kempton Greta Kempton (March 22, 1901 - December 10, 1991) born Martha Greta Kempton in Vienna, Austria. ...
This article is about the World War II nuclear project. ...
Shortly after taking the oath of office, Truman said to reporters:
- "Boys, if you ever pray, pray for me now. I don't know if you fellas ever had a load of hay fall on you, but when they told me what happened yesterday, I felt like the moon, the stars, and all the planets had fallen on me."
A few days after his swearing in, he wrote to his wife, Bess: "It won't be long until I can sit back and study the whole picture and. . . there'll be no more to this job than there was to running Jackson County and not anymore worry."[6] However, the simplicity he had predicted would prove elusive.
Upon assuming the presidency, Truman asked all the members of FDR's cabinet to remain in place, told them that he was open to their advice, and laid down a central principle of his administration: he would be the one making decisions, and they were to support him.[46] Just a few weeks after he assumed office, on his 61st birthday, the Allies achieved victory in Europe. This article is about the independent states that comprised the Allies. ...
Churchill waves to crowds in Whitehall on the day he broadcast to the nation that the war with Germany had been won, 8 May 1945. ...
Atomic bomb use -
Truman was quickly briefed on the Manhattan Project and authorized use of atomic weapons against the Japanese in August 1945, after Japan rejected the Potsdam Declaration. The atomic bombings that followed were the first, and so far the only, instance of nuclear warfare. The mushroom cloud over Hiroshima after the dropping of Little Boy. ...
This article is about the World War II nuclear project. ...
The Potsdam Declaration or the Proclamation Defining Terms for Japanese Surrender (not to be confused with the Potsdam Agreement) was a statement issued on July 26, 1945 by Harry S. Truman, Winston Churchill, and Chiang Kai-Shek which outlined the terms of surrender for Japan as agreed upon at the...
The Titan II ICBM carried a 9 Mt W53 warhead, making it one of the most powerful nuclear weapons fielded by the United States during the Cold War. ...
On the morning of August 6, 1945, the B-29 bomber Enola Gay dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima.[47] Two days later, having heard nothing from the Japanese government, the U.S. military proceeded with its plans to drop a second atomic bomb. On August 9, Nagasaki was also devastated.[48] Truman received news of the bombing while aboard the heavy cruiser USS Augusta on his way back to the U.S. after the Potsdam Conference. The Japanese agreed to surrender on August 14.[49] is the 218th day of the year (219th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar). ...
The Boeing B-29 Superfortress (Boeing Model 341/345) was a four-engine heavy bomber flown by the United States Army Air Force. ...
Colonel Paul Tibbets waving from Enola Gays cockpit before the bombing of Hiroshima. ...
For other uses, see Hiroshima (disambiguation). ...
is the 221st day of the year (222nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Megane-bashi (Spectacles Bridge) Nagasaki listen? (長崎市; -shi, literally long peninsula) is the capital and the largest city of Nagasaki Prefecture located at the south-western coast of Kyushu, Japan. ...
The fourth USS Augusta (CA-31) (originally CL-31) was a Northampton-class heavy cruiser of the United States Navy, notable for service in the Atlantic and Mediterranean during World War II, and for her occasional use as a presidential flagship carrying both Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman...
Harry S. Truman and Joseph Stalin meeting at the Potsdam Conference on July 18, 1945. ...
The Japanese representatives, Mamoru Shigemitsu and Yoshijiro Umezu, on board USS Missouri during the surrender ceremonies on 2 September 1945. ...
is the 226th day of the year (227th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
At the Potsdam Conference, Soviet leader Joseph Stalin was aware of the U.S. government's possession of the atomic bomb.[50][51][52] In the years since the bombings, however, questions about Truman's choice have become more pointed. Supporters of Truman's decision to use the bomb argue that it saved hundreds of thousands of lives that would have been lost in an invasion of mainland Japan. Eleanor Roosevelt spoke in support of this view when she said, in 1954, that Truman had "made the only decision he could," and that the bomb's use was necessary "to avoid tremendous sacrifice of American lives."[53] Others, including historian Gar Alperovitz, have argued that the use of nuclear weapons was unnecessary and inherently immoral.[54] Josef Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili (Georgian: , Ioseb Besarionis Dze Jughashvili; Russian: , Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili) (December 18 [O.S. December 6] 1878[1] – March 5, 1953), better known by his adopted name, Joseph Stalin (alternatively transliterated Josef Stalin), was General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Unions Central Committee from...
Operation Downfall was the overall Allied plan for the invasion of Japan near the end of World War II. The operation was cancelled when Japan surrendered following the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and the Soviet Unions declaration of war against Japan. ...
Anna Eleanor Roosevelt (IPA: ; October 11, 1884 – November 7, 1962) was First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945. ...
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Strikes and economic upheaval |
