Harthill is a village in the metropolitan borough of Rotherham (part of South Yorkshire, England), on the border with Derbyshire. It lies between Killamarsh and Thorpe Salvin, and is located at approximately 53° 19' 10" North, 1° 15' 30" West, at an elevation of around 110 metres above sea level. In the 1991 census, Harthill village had a population of about 1,600.

Harthill is traditionally an agricultural village, although there is also a history of quarrying whetstones for use in knife-sharpening.

The parish church of All Hallows dates from 1085, when it was commissioned by William de Warenne. The tower is 14th century. Thomas Osborne, a major landowner and third Duke of Leeds, is interred in the crypt.

Harthill has two public houses: the Beehive and the Blue Bell.

Harthill is the principal village in the civil parish of Harthill-with-Woodall. The parish also contains Harthill Reservoir, Nor Wood, and the hamlet of Woodall with its M1 motorway service station.

There is also a Harthill in Cheshire.