Hasan al-Mujtabā Imams of Shi'a Islam
Rank	Second Twelver/Mustaali/Zaydi Imām
Name	Hasan ibn ‘Alī
Kunya	Abu Muhammad[1]
Birth	15th Ramadhān 3 AH[2] ≈ March 1, 625 C.E.
Death	7th[3] or 28th[4] Safar 50 AH ≈ March 6, 670 C.E.
Birthplace	Madīnah[2]
Buried	Jannatul Baqī‘, Madīnah
Life Duration	Before Imāmate: 37 years (3 - 40 AH) - 8 years with his grandfather Muhammad - 8 years with his mother Fātimah - 37 years with his father ‘Alī Imāmate: 10 years (40 - 50 AH)
Titles	*al-Mujtabā[5] (Arabic for The Chosen) *as-Sibt[5] (Arabic for The Grandson) *Sayyidush Shabābi Ahlil Jannah[6] (Arabic for Leader of the Youth of Paradise) *az-Zakī[5] (Arabic for The Pure) *at-Taqī[5] (Arabic for The Pious) *as-Sayyid[5] (Arabic for The Master)
Spouse(s)	Umm Is'hāq bint Talha ibn ‘Ubaydallāh, Hafsa bint ‘Abd al-Rahmān ibn Abi Bakr, Hind bint Suhayl ibn ‘Amru, Ju'da bint al-Ash'ath ibn Qays
Father	‘Alī
Mother	Fātimah
Children	Qāsim, Fātimah, Zayd, Abdullah, Talha, Umm al-Hasan (Maymūnah), Umm al-Husayn.[3]
Ali · Hasan · Husayn al-Sajjad · al-Baqir · al-Sadiq Musa (Twelver) · Ismail (Ismaili) This article is about the Shia concept, for the more general Islamic term, see Imam. ... Shī‘a Islam, also Shi‘ite Islam, or Shi‘ism (Arabic ) is the second largest denomination of the Islamic faith. ... Twelvers or the Ithna Asharia are members of the group of Shias who believe in twelve Imams. ... This group is named Mustaali because they follow Imam Mustalli, after Imam Mustansir Billah, and not Nazaar whom the Aga Khan group consider as their Imam. ... Zaiddiyah (also: Zaidi, Zaydi, or in the West Fivers) refers to a sect within Shia Islam. ... A kunya (Arabic: ) is an honorific widely used in place of given names through the Arab world. ... Ramadan or Ramadhan (Arabic: رمضان ) is the ninth month of the Islamic year. ... The Islamic calendar or Muslim calendar (Arabic: التقويم الهجري; at-taqwÄ«m al-hijrÄ«; Persian: تقویم هجري قمری ‎ taqwÄ«m-e hejri-ye qamari; also called the Hijri calendar) is the calendar used to date events in many predominantly Muslim countries, and used by Muslims everywhere to determine the proper day on which to celebrate... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with estimation. ... BCE redirects here. ... Safar (صفر) is the second month in the Islamic calendar. ... The Islamic calendar or Muslim calendar (Arabic: التقويم الهجري; at-taqwÄ«m al-hijrÄ«; Persian: تقویم هجري قمری ‎ taqwÄ«m-e hejri-ye qamari; also called the Hijri calendar) is the calendar used to date events in many predominantly Muslim countries, and used by Muslims everywhere to determine the proper day on which to celebrate... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with estimation. ... BCE redirects here. ... Medina (Arabic: مدينة رسول الله or المدينه, Madinat Rasul Allah, or al-Madina; alternatively transliterated into English as Madinah) is a city in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia. ... History of Jannatul Baqee On April 21, 1925), mausoleums in Jannatul Al-Baqi (Madina) were demolished by King Ibn Saud. ... Medina (Arabic: مدينة رسول الله or المدينه, Madinat Rasul Allah, or al-Madina; alternatively transliterated into English as Madinah) is a city in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia. ... The Islamic calendar or Muslim calendar (Arabic: التقويم الهجري; at-taqwÄ«m al-hijrÄ«; Persian: تقویم هجري قمری ‎ taqwÄ«m-e hejri-ye qamari; also called the Hijri calendar) is the calendar used to date events in many predominantly Muslim countries, and used by Muslims everywhere to determine the proper day on which to celebrate... Muhammad in a new genre of Islamic calligraphy started in the 17th century by Hafiz Osman. ... For other persons of the same name, see Fatima (name). ... For other uses, see Ali (disambiguation). ... The Islamic calendar or Muslim calendar (Arabic: التقويم الهجري; at-taqwÄ«m al-hijrÄ«; Persian: تقویم هجري قمری ‎ taqwÄ«m-e hejri-ye qamari; also called the Hijri calendar) is the calendar used to date events in many predominantly Muslim countries, and used by Muslims everywhere to determine the proper day on which to celebrate... Arabic redirects here. ... Arabic redirects here. ... Arabic redirects here. ... Arabic redirects here. ... Arabic redirects here. ... Arabic redirects here. ... Umm Ishaq bint Talhah was, according to a Sunni source, the daughter of the prominent Muslim general Talha ibn Ubayd-Allah. ... For other uses, see Ali (disambiguation). ... For other persons of the same name, see Fatima (name). ... Mehndi of Qasim ibn Hassan Qasim ibn Hasan (Arabic: ) (Seventh of Shaaban, 47th Hijra - Tenth of Muharram, 61st Hijra) was the son of the second Shia Imam, Hasan ibn Ali, and grandson of the first Shia Imam, Ali ibn Abi Talib. ... Fātimah bint al-Hasan ibn ‘AlÄ« (Arabic: ‎) was a daughter of Hasan ibn ‘AlÄ«, wife of ‘AlÄ« ibn Husayn (fourth Twelver Imām), and mother of Muhammad al-Bāqir (fifth Twelver Imām). ... Ali ibn Abu Talib (Arabic: علي بن أبي طالب translit: ‘AlÄ« ibn Abu Ṭālib Persian: علی پسر ابو طالب) ‎ (599 – 661) is an early Islamic leader. ... This article is about Husayn ibn Ali ibn Abi Talib (626 – 680). ... A depiction of the fourth Twelver Shia Imam and third or fourth Ismaili Shia Imam, Zayn al-Abidin, by a Muslim artist. ... Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Muhammad al-Baqir Imam Muhammad al-Baqir (676 - January 31, 743) was the fifth Shia Imam. ... Jafar Al-Sadiq (Arabic: جعفر الصادق in full Jafar ibn Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Husayn (702 AD - 765 AD ) is the sixth infallible Imam and one of Ahl al-Bayt of the Shia Muslims. ... For the Twelver Shia scholar, see Musa al-Sadr Musa al-Kadhim (Arabic: الإمام موسى الكاظم‎) (Seventh of Safar, 128 AH – Twenty-fifth of Rajab, 183 AH) (Approximately: October 28, 746 AD - September 1, 799 AD) was the seventh of the Twelver Shia Imams. ... Ismail bin Jafar (Arabic: إسماعيل بن جعفر) was the eldest son of the sixth Shia Imam, Jafar as-Sadiq. ...

Hasan ibn ‘Alī ibn Abī Tālib (الحسن بن علي بن أﺑﻲ طالب)‎ (Fifteenth of Ramadhān, 3 AH – Seventh^[7] or Twenty-eighth of Safar, 50 AH)^[8] was the grandson of Muhammad, son of ‘Alī ibn Abī Tālib (final Rashidun Caliph^[9] and first Shī‘ah Imām) and Fātimah Zahrā (daughter of Muhammad). He is an important figure in Islām as he is a member of the Ahlul Bayt (the household of Muhammad) and Ahlul Kisā, as well as being a Shī‘ah Imām, and one of The Fourteen Infallibles of Twelvers. Ramadan or Ramadhan (Arabic: رمضان ) is the ninth month of the Islamic year. ... Safar (صفر) is the second month in the Islamic calendar. ... Muhammad in a new genre of Islamic calligraphy started in the 17th century by Hafiz Osman. ... For other uses, see Ali (disambiguation). ... The Rightly Guided Caliphs or The Righteous Caliphs ( transliteration: ) is a term used in Sunni Islam to refer to the first four Caliphs. ... Shia may refer to a denomination of Islam, or related items, such as: Shia Islam, the second largest denomination of Islam, after Sunni Islam. ... This article is about the Shia concept, for the more general Islamic term, see Imam. ... For other persons of the same name, see Fatima (name). ... For people named Islam, see Islam (name). ... Ahl al-Bayt (Arabic: ) is a phrase meaning People of the House, or family. ... In Shia Islam, the term Ahl al-Kisa, meaning People of the Cloak, refers to the founder of Islam Muhammad, his daughter Fatimah, his cousin and son-in-law Ali, and his two grandsons Hasan and Husayn. ... Shia may refer to a denomination of Islam, or related items, such as: Shia Islam, the second largest denomination of Islam, after Sunni Islam. ... This article is about the Shia concept, for the more general Islamic term, see Imam. ... According to Twelver Shia Islam The Fourteen Infallibles (Maasumin - معصومين) are Historical figures that commited no sins and never made a mistake. ... Twelvers ( Ithnāˤashariyyah) are those Shiˤa Muslims who believe there were twelve Imāms, as distinct from Ismaili & Zaidi Shiite Muslims, who believe in a different number of Imams or in a different path of succession. ...

His birth and family life

In both Sunni^[10] and Shī‘ah^[11] sources, it has been narrated that upon the birth of his grandson in 3 AH, Muhammad was ordered by the archangel Gabriel to name him Hasan - a name that had not yet been used in the pre-Islāmic period.^[12] Muhammad also honoured his grandson by reciting the Adhān in his right ear,^[13] the Iqāmah in his left ear,^[13] shaved the head of his grandson,^[14] and sacrificed a ram in his name.^[15] Sunni Islam (Arabic سنّة) is the largest denomination of Islam. ... Shia may refer to a denomination of Islam, or related items, such as: Shia Islam, the second largest denomination of Islam, after Sunni Islam. ... Muhammad in a new genre of Islamic calligraphy started in the 17th century by Hafiz Osman. ... 12th century icon of the Archangels Michael and Gabriel (Saint Catherines Monastery, Mount Sinai). ... This article is about the archangel Gabriel. ... Muhammad in a new genre of Islamic calligraphy started in the 17th century by Hafiz Osman. ... Adhan (Azaan) (أَذَان) is the Islamic call to prayer, recited by the muezzin. ... The word iqama (Arabic: إقامة) refers to the second call to Islamic Prayer, given immediately before the prayer begins. ...

Hasan ibn Ali and his younger brother, Husayn ibn Ali, are said to have been greatly beloved by their grandfather. There are numerous Hadiths (oral traditions) that affirm this claim. There are also Hadiths which states that Hasan ibn Ali and Husayn ibn Ali are the leaders of the youth in paradise. Muhammad also said that Hasan and Hussain are Imams, whether they sit (agree to a peace treaty) or stand (go to war). Shi'ahs and Sunnis believe that Hasan ibn Ali is one of the five persons included in the Hadith of The Cloak. This article is about Husayn ibn Ali ibn Abi Talib (626 – 680). ... The Hadith of The Cloak (Arabic: حديث الكساء Hadith-e-Kisa) refers to the Event of the Cloak or the Companions of the Cloak (ahl al-kisa). ...

Life of Hasan ibn Ali during the times of his father

As a growing youth, Hasan saw the active role of his father, Ali ibn Abi Talib, in the battlefield defending Islam, as a preacher to a vast congregation of believers on the occasion of Hajj, and as a missionary of Islam to Yemen. After the death of his grandfather, Muhammad, he saw his father having retreated to a passive role in the matters of the state during the period of the first three caliphs. However, whenever he saw it necessary, Ali ibn Abi Talib never refrained from giving his opinion to the caliph of the time on matters of the practice of faith. He had also seen that the caliphs, in turn, respected Ali ibn Abi Talib for his overall knowledge, and consulted him on many occasions as the need arose. Ali ibn Abu Talib (Arabic: علي بن أبي طالب translit: ‘Alī ibn Abu Ṭālib Persian: علی پسر ابو طالب) ‎ (599 – 661) is an early Islamic leader. ... For people named Islam, see Islam (name). ... A supplicating pilgrim at Masjid Al Haram, the mosque which was built around the Kaaba (the cubical building at center). ... Muhammad in a new genre of Islamic calligraphy started in the 17th century by Hafiz Osman. ...

When the third caliph was murdered by a mob of agitated demonstrators in his palace in Mad'mah, and Ali ibn Abi Talib was elected to lead the Muslim nation, Hasan ibn Ali took active part in assisting his father in many ways. He went to Kufa and successfully raised the first army of believers against the dissenting Muslims. He participated actively in the battlefields of Basra, Siffin, and Nahrawan alongside his father, and demonstrated his skills as a soldier and as a leader. Combatants Islamic Caliphate Rebel Arabs Commanders Ali Aisha bint Abu Bakr Strength About 10,000 About 10,000 Casualties About 5,000 About 5,000 The Battle of Bassorah, Battle of the Camel, or Battle of Jamal was a battle that took place at Basra, Iraq in 656 between forces... Combatants Muawiyah I Ali ibn Abi Talib Commanders Amr ibn al-Aas Malik ibn Ashter Strength 120,000 (approx) 90,000 (approx) Casualties 45,000 (approx) 25,000 (approx) The Battle of Siffin (May-July 657 CE) occurred during the First Fitna, or First Muslim civil war, with the main... A battle between Ali and the khawarij See also Ibadi External links Shia http://playandlearn. ...

Before he died, Ali ibn Abi Talib appointed Hasan to lead the nation of believers and to be their Imam after him. The people also chose him to be their Caliph. Hasan played positive role in Khilafa

The Caliphate

Upon the death of Ali ibn Abi Talib in Kufa a new caliph was chosen. As Ali had declared that only the heirs/clan (Ahl Al-Bayt) of Muhammad were entitled to rule the Muslim community, the choice was restricted to Hasan and his brother Husayn. Thus Kufi Muslims pledge allegiance(bay'ah) to his eldest son Hasan without dispute.^[16] Kufa (الكوفة al-Kufa in Arabic) is a city in Iraq, about 170 km south of Baghdad, and 10 km northeast of Najaf. ... Ahl al-Bayt (Arabic: ) is a phrase meaning People of the House, or family. ... Muhammad in a new genre of Islamic calligraphy started in the 17th century by Hafiz Osman. ... This article is about Husayn ibn Ali ibn Abi Talib (626 – 680). ... Bayah, in Islamic terminology is an oath of allegiance to a leader. ...

This threatened Muawiyah I, who had been fighting Ali for the caliphate. Muawiyah summoned all the commanders of his forces in Syria, Palestine, and Transjordan to join him in preparation for war. He also attempted to negotiate with Hasan, sending the young heir letters asking him to give up his claim. If he could persuade Hasan to renounce his claim to the caliphate, then Muawiyah would certainly avoid the undesirable consequence of killing fellow Muslims, and would further support his claim to the caliphate. If Muawiyah was forced to defeat Hasan in battle, Muawiyah would gain absolute power, but questions regarding his legitimacy would linger. Muawiyah I (Arabic: ; Transliteration: ; 602-680) was a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and later the Umayyad caliph in Damascus. ... A 2003 satellite image of the region. ... Map of the territory of the British Mandate of Palestine The Emirate of Transjordan was an autonomous political division of the British Mandate of Palestine, created as an administrative entity in April 1921 before the Mandate came into effect. ...

Negotiations stalled, and Muawiyah marched against Hasan ibn Ali with an army claimed to number sixty thousand fighters.^[17] Hasan ibn Ali also marched his army of forty thousand^[18] towards Muawiyah. The two armies faced opposed near Sabat.

During this period of suspense, Hasan is reported to have given a sermon in which he proclaimed his hatred of schism and appealed to his men to follow his orders even if they did not agree to them. Some of the troops took this as a sign that Hasan was preparing to surrender; they rebelled on him and attacked him. Hasan was wounded, but his loyal soldiers surrounded him in protection and managed to kill the mutineers. Another one of Hasan’s commanders, Ubayd Allah Ibn Abbas, deserted him and joined Muawiyah’s forces.

According to other sources, a group of unidentified men spread rumor of a clash between small squad of Muawiyah and Hassan ibn Ali's forces and that squad of Hassan ibn Ali's army has been defeated. This rumor caused anger in some supporters of Hassan ibn Ali and upon Hassan ibn Ali's will to avoid further bloodshed, they revolted against him, looted his camp and also manhandled him causing Hassan ibn Ali to take refuge in Chosroes' Palace. Shaken by the incidence, Hassan ibn Ali sent word to Emir Muawiyah for peace talks. Khosrau, Khusrau, Khosru and also Khusraw (Kasrâ in Arabic; Chosroes or Chosroës in Greek) was the name of a mythical Persian leader, in the Avesta known as Kavi Haosravah, with the meaning with good reputation. A number of rulers of Persia and the Middle East were known by this...

The two armies fought a few inconclusive skirmishes. Hasan, distressed that the result of a battle would mean a loss of many men and a lack of people to go back and partake in caring for the people. Muawiyah also had his concerns with forcing a battle and because of that he sent two men from Banu Quraish to Hasan ibn Ali in order to negotiate a settlement with Hasan ibn Ali and his followers.^[19] Hasan ibn Ali, foreseeing the events that were to transpire, and to avoid unnecessary bloodshed, finally negotiated a settlement with Muawiyah. With regards to the negotiation, the Prophet had prophesied earlier, saying, "It is this grandson of mine, on whose hands the two great armies from amongst the Muslims will stop fighting." Banu Quraish was the dominant tribe of Mecca. ...

• According to Sunni scholars, Hasan ibn Ali stipulated that Muawiyah should follow the Qur'an and the Sunnah, allowing a shura for the caliphate to be held after his death, and refrain from any acts of revenge against Hasan ibn Ali’s followers. Many authors have also mentioned that Emir Muawiyah accepted all the conditions attached to the peace treaty which were:

1. all tax collection from the province of Ahwaz shall be paid to Hassan ibn Ali,
2. an annual grant of two million dirhams shall be paid to Hassan ibn Ali, and
3. a general amnesty shall be declared for all of those who took part in the battle.

• According to Shi’ah scholars, Hasan ibn Ali further stipulated that the caliphate should be returned to him after Muawiyah's death, if Hasan ibn Ali was still alive, and in case if he dies before that then the caliphate should be given to his younger brother, Hussain ibn Ali.^[20]

Muawiyah proceeded to Kufa and demanded that the Muslims there swear allegiance. He also asked Hasan ibn Ali to join him and support him in the fight against the rebellious Kharijites. Hasan ibn Ali is claimed to have written him in response: "I have abandoned the fight against you, even though it was my legal right, for the sake of peace and reconciliation of the nation. Do you think that I shall then fight together with you?"^[21] Shura is an Arabic word for consultation. It is believed to be the method by which pre-Islamic Arabian tribes selected leaders and made major decisions. ... Husayn ibn Ali ibn Abu Talib (c. ... Kharijites (Arabic خوارج, literally Those who Go Out[1]) is a general term embracing various Muslims who, while initially supporting the caliphate of the fourth and final Rashidun Caliph Ali ibn Abi Talib, later rejected him. ...

Was he a Rashidun Caliph?

Most caliph chronologies do not include Hasan ibn Ali. Hasan ibn Ali claimed the Rashidun Caliphate only briefly and was recognized by a half of the Islamic empire. Muawiyah ibn Abi Sufyan forced him to resign. However, a handful of the older Sunni Muslim historians, such as Suyuti, Ibn al-Arabi, and Ibn Kathir accept Hasan ibn Ali as the last Rightly Guided Caliph before the ascension of Muawiyah.^[22] Twelver Shi'a Muslims also regard Hasan ibn Ali as one of the twelve infallible imams. Imam Al-Suyuti (c. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Ibn Kathir (Arabic : بن كثير ) was an Islamic scholar born in Busra, Syria in 1301 CE. He was taught by the Islamic scholar Ibn Taymiyya in Damascus, Syria. ... Twelvers or the Ithna Asharia are members of the group of Shias who believe in twelve Imams. ... Imam is an Arabic word meaning Leader. The ruler of a country might be called the Imam, for example. ...

Retirement to Medina

Marwan I, who was the personal secretary to the third caliph, and had fought against Ali ibn Abi Talib during the Battle of Bassorah, was now the governor of Medina. He took personal pleasure in discharging Muawiyah's wishes to slur the reputation of Hasan ibn Ali and his father. Needless to say that the life of Hasan ibn Ali in Medina after the peace treaty was not peaceful at all. In addition to the relentless taunts and abuse slung at him by Muawiyah, Hasan ibn Ali had to endure the anger of his supporters for having relinquished the Caliphate to the lifelong enemy of himself and that of his father before him. They had failed to appreciate that Hasan ibn Ali had given up his right in the larger interests of Islam, and to avoid further bloodshed of the Muslims. Marwan ibn al-Hakam (623 - 685) was an Umayyad caliph who took over the dynasty after Muawiya II gave up the title in 684. ... Uthman, Othman, Osman, Usman, or Ozman (Arabic: عثمان) is a male Arabic given name meaning the chosen one amongst the tribe of brave and noble people, honest, caring, sincere, genuine, and attractive. The following people share this name: Uthman Ibn Affan Osman I Uthman I, a Marinid caliph Usman dan Fodio... Combatants Islamic Caliphate Rebel Arabs Commanders Ali Aisha bint Abu Bakr Strength About 10,000 About 10,000 Casualties About 5,000 About 5,000 The Battle of Bassorah, Battle of the Camel, or Battle of Jamal was a battle that took place at Basra, Iraq in 656 between forces... This article is about the city in Saudi Arabia. ...

On the hand, Sunni Historians^[23], hold a view that this treaty had great benefits that were reaped by Muslim Empire for twenty years because of unity, tranquility and avoidance of bloodshed through another civil war by the one wise act of Hassan ibn Ali.

Hassan ibn Ali has been quoted on commenting on the matter transfer of authority:

"If Muawiya was the rightful successor to the Caliphate, he has received it and if I had that right, I, too, have passed it on to him; so the matter ends there." This was in accordance with the prophecy of the Prophet Mohammad about Hassan when he had said, "Through my son Hassan, Allah will bring about peace between two warring factions of Muslims."^[24] Muawiya was the name of two Ummayad caliphs. ... Muhammad is a common Muslim male name. ...

Death

Muawiyah wished to pass the caliphate to his own son Yazid ibn Muawiyah, and saw Hasan ibn Ali as an obstacle to his plans. And thus Muawiyah plotted to kill Hasan ibn Ali. He secretly contacted Hasan ibn Ali's wife Ja'da bint al-Ash'ath ibn Qays, and instigated her to poison her husband. Ja'da did as Muawiyah suggested, giving her husband poison mixed with honey. Madelung (pp. 331–333) notes other traditions suggesting that Hasan ibn Ali had been poisoned by another wife, the daughter of Suhayl ibn Amr, or perhaps by a servant. Madelung also cites the early historians (Baladhuri, Waqidi, etc.) who recounted these traditions. Madelung, who is more accepting of Shi'a traditions than most Western academic historians, believes that Hasan ibn Ali was poisoned and that the famous early Islamic historian al-Tabari suppressed the tale out of concern for the faith of the common people. (Madelung pp. 331–332) Yazid Ibn Muawiyah Ibn Abu Sufyan (645 - 683) (Arabic: يزيد بن معاوية بن أبي سفيان) was the sixth Muslim Caliph and the second of the Umayyad dynasty. ... Ahmad Ibn Yahya al-Baladhuri was an Arabian historian, a Persian by birth, though his sympathies seem to have been strongly with the Arabs, for Masudi refers to one of his works in. ... al-Waqidi الواقدي Abu `Abdullah Muhammad Ibn Omar Ibn Waqid al Sahmi alAslamiأبو عبد الله محمد بن عمر بن واقد السهمي (d. ... Balamis 14th century Persian version of Universal History by al-Tabari Abu Jafar Muhammad ibn Jarir at-Tabari 838–923 (father of Jafar, named Muhammad, son of Jarir from the province of Tabaristan, Arabic الطبري), was an author from Persia, one of the earliest, most prominent and famous Persian...

Shi'ahs believe that Ja'da was promised gold and marriage to Yazid. Seduced by the promise of money and power, she poisoned her husband, and then hastened to the court of Muawiyah in Damascus to receive her reward. Muawiyah reneged on his promises and married her to another man.^[25] For other uses, see Damascus (disambiguation). ...

Hasan ibn Ali died in Medina on Safar 28, 50 AH. He is buried at the famous Jannatul Baqee‘ cemetery across from the Masjid al-Nabawi, the Mosque of the Prophet. History of Jannatul Baqee On April 21, 1925), mausoleums in Jannatul Al-Baqi (Madina) were demolished by King Ibn Saud. ... Masjid al-Nabawi or Mosque of the Prophet is the second holiest mosque in the Islamic world. ...

Burial of Hasan

Hasan ibn Ali, before his death, asked to be buried next to his grandfather, Muhammad. However, Marwan prevented Hasan ibn Ali's his right. Marwan requested Aisha to allow his relative Uthman ibn Affan to be buried beside the Prophet if she allows Hasan ibn Ali to be buried there. On the contrary, Aisha was aware of Marwan's treachery from the past so she refused to accept his plan, and further did not allow anyone else to be buried beside the Prophet. Hasan ibn Ali's family was thus forced to bury him elsewhere, and so they buried him in Jannatul Baqee'. For other uses of the name, see Uthman. ... History of Jannatul Baqee On April 21, 1925), mausoleums in Jannatul Al-Baqi (Madina) were demolished by King Ibn Saud. ...

Sunni view

Sunni Muslims honor Hassan ibn Ali as righteous and pious because he is from the Ahl al-Bayt. Certain early Sunni scholars are of the opinion that Hassan was the Fifth Rightly Guided Caliph because of his appointment by Ali ibn Abi Talib.^[22] However, the Kharjites or Sabayees (referring to a group founded by Abdullah Ibn Saba) who have been described as engaged in conspiring against Muslims since Prophet Mohammad's death were indignant of the peace agreement, started to taunt Hassan ibn Ali and called him names with words "Yo Aar Al-Momineen" (0,Shame for the believers!) and "Ya Mozill Al-Momineen " (You, the debaser of the Believers!). Ahl al-Bayt (Arabic: ) is a phrase meaning People of the House, or family. ... Kharijites or Khawarij(Arabic خوارج, The Exitors [1]) is a general term embracing a variety of Islamic sects which reject the caliphate of Ali as invalid. ... Abdullah Ibn Saba (ca. ... Muhammad is a common Muslim male name. ...

Shi'a view

Muawiyah was successful in deceitfully gaining the absolute power he had aspired for. He was not interested in the functions of preaching piety or theology. He was interested in expanding his sphere of influence in the territories already conquered by the Muslims, and was actively engaged in further conquests to the north and north west of Syria. In utter violation of the terms of the Treaty with Hasan ibn Ali, Muawiyah decided to name his son Yazid to succeed him after his death. He knew that Yazid lacked all qualifications to be a caliph for the Muslims and to represent Muhammad. He also knew that Hasan ibn Ali, being a true representative of Muhammad, would oppose the nomination of his son. Consequently, he decided to eliminate the opposition. Hassan ibn Ali is considered by Shias as their second Imam. ... Muawiyah I (602 - May 6, 680), early Muslim leader and founder of the great Umayyad Dynasty of caliphs. ... There were several notable persons named Yazid: Yazid I (born c. ...

Muawiyah solicited the services of Marwan ibn al-Hakam, a son-in-law of Uthman ibn Affan, who was the governor of Medina at that time. With a promise for a reward, Marwan approached one of the wives of the Imam, Ju'da binte al-Ash'ath ibn Qays to poison Hasan ibn Ali. He was successful, and Hasan ibn Ali died as a result of this plot. Marwan ibn al-Hakam (623 - 685) was the eight Sunni Caliph, an Umayyad, who took over the dynasty after Muawiya II gave up the title in 684. ... For other uses of the name, see Uthman. ...

Before Hasan ibn Ali died, in accordance with the Will of Allah, named his brother, Hussain ibn Ali to be the next Imam. He expressed his wish to his brother to bury his body near to the grave of his grandfather, Muhammad. This caused an armed opposition by the governor of Medina. Under a shower of arrows, the funeral procession of Hasan ibn Ali had to withdraw and be diverted to Jannat al-Baqi, the general graveyard of Medina, where he was buried. Jannat al-Baqi (جنة البقيع) (also spelt Jannat ul-Baqi) is a cemetery in Madinah, Saudi Arabia, located across from the Masjid al-Nabawi. ...

Shi'ahs hold Hasan ibn Ali in a very high positive view, like the Sunnis, except that Shi'ahs regard Hasan ibn Ali as their second Imam. Both Sunnis and Shi'ahs regard him as a martyr. According to Shi’ahs Hasan ibn Ali married four women: This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

1. Umm Ishaq bint Talha ibn `Ubayd Allah.
2. Hafsa bint 'Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr.
3. Hind bint Suhayl bin `Amru.
4. Ju'da bint al-Ash'ath ibn Qays, whom Muawiyah I tempted to kill Hasan ibn Ali. So she killed him with poison.

Timeline

Hasan ibn Ali of the Ahl al-Bayt Banu Hashim Clan of the Banu Quraish Born: 15th Ramadhān 3 AH ≈ 1st March 625 CE Died: 28th Safar 50 AH ≈ 6th March 670 CE
Shī‘a Islam titles
Preceded by Ali ibn Abu Talib	2nd Imam of Shi'a Islam Imamate disputed by Nizari 661 – 669	Succeeded by Husayn ibn Ali
Sunni Islam titles
Preceded by Ali ibn Abu Talib	5th Rashidun Caliph of Sunni Islam 661 – ???	Succeeded by Muawiyah I

Ahl al-Bayt (Arabic: ) is a phrase meaning People of the House, or family. ... BanÅ« Hāshim (Arabic: بنو هاشم) was a clan in the Quraish tribe. ... Banu Quraish was the dominant tribe of Mecca. ... Ramadan or Ramadhan (Arabic: رمضان ) is the ninth month of the Islamic year. ... The Islamic calendar or Muslim calendar (Arabic: التقويم الهجري; at-taqwÄ«m al-hijrÄ«; Persian: تقویم هجري قمری ‎ taqwÄ«m-e hejri-ye qamari; also called the Hijri calendar) is the calendar used to date events in many predominantly Muslim countries, and used by Muslims everywhere to determine the proper day on which to celebrate... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with estimation. ... BCE redirects here. ... Safar (صفر) is the second month in the Islamic calendar. ... The Islamic calendar or Muslim calendar (Arabic: التقويم الهجري; at-taqwÄ«m al-hijrÄ«; Persian: تقویم هجري قمری ‎ taqwÄ«m-e hejri-ye qamari; also called the Hijri calendar) is the calendar used to date events in many predominantly Muslim countries, and used by Muslims everywhere to determine the proper day on which to celebrate... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with estimation. ... BCE redirects here. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Ali ibn Abi Talib (علي بن أبي طالب) (c. ... This article is about the Shia concept, for the more general Islamic term, see Imam. ... Shī‘a Islam, also Shi‘ite Islam, or Shi‘ism (Arabic ) is the second largest denomination of the Islamic faith. ... Main article: Ismaili The NizārÄ«yya (Arabic النزاريون Al-Nizarin) are the largest branch of the IsmāīlÄ« (in Persian: اسماعیلیه) and make up over two thirds of IsmāīlÄ« Muslims. ... This article is about Husayn ibn Ali ibn Abi Talib (626 – 680). ... Sunni Islam is the largest denomination of Islam. ... Ali ibn Abi Talib (علي بن أبي طالب) (c. ... A caliphate (from the Arabic خلافة or khilāfah), is the Islamic form of government representing the political unity and leadership of the Muslim world. ... Sunni Islam is the largest denomination of Islam. ... Muawiyah I (Arabic: ; Transliteration: ; 602-680) was a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and later the Umayyad caliph in Damascus. ...

See also

• Twelve Imams
• Shi'a Islam
• Sharif
• Harrak

Muhammad in a new genre of Islamic calligraphy started in the 17th century by Hafiz Osman. ... For other persons of the same name, see Fatima (name). ... Ali ibn Abu Talib (Arabic: علي بن أبي طالب translit: ‘Alī ibn Abu Ṭālib Persian: علی پسر ابو طالب) ‎ (599 – 661) is an early Islamic leader. ... This article is about Husayn ibn Ali ibn Abi Talib (626 – 680). ... Ali ibn Husayn, Zainul Abideen, (658 - 713) (alternative spellings include bin, ben for the middle word and Hussain, Husain, Hussein, etc. ... Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Muhammad al-Baqir Imam Muhammad al-Baqir (676 - January 31, 743) was the fifth Shia Imam. ... Jafar Al-Sadiq (Arabic: جعفر الصادق in full Jafar ibn Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Husayn (702 AD - 765 AD ) is the sixth infallible Imam and one of Ahl al-Bayt of the Shia Muslims. ... Imam Musa al Kazim (November 10, 745 - September 4, 799) was the seventh Shia Imam (he is not accepted by the Ismailis as the seventh Imam). ... Imām ˤAlī ibn-Mūsā ar-Riđā (Arabic: علي بن موسى الرضا) (January 1, 766 - May 26, 818) was the eighth Shīˤa Imām. ... Imam Muhammad al-Taqi (Arabic: امام محمد التقي)(April 12, 811 - November 27, 835) was the ninth Shia Imam in the Ithna Ashari (Twelver) tradition. ... Imam Ali al-Hadi (September 8, 828 _ July 1, 868) was the tenth Shia Imam. ... Hasan al-Askari (Arabic: الإمام الحسن بن علي العسكري) (December 6, 846 – January 1, 874), was the eleventh Shia Imam. ... It has been suggested that Mahdi be merged into this article or section. ... Zaynabs name in Arabic Calligraphy Zaynab bint Ali (Arabic: زينب بنت علي ) (Urdu: زينب بنت على ) was the daughter of the 4th Caliph, the first Shia imam, Ali, and granddaughter of Muhammad. ... Umm Kulthum bint Ali (Arabic: أم كلثوم بنت على ) was the fourth child of Ali ibn Abu Talib (the first Shi’a Imam and fourth Sunni Caliph) and Fatima Zahra (the daughter of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad). ... Al-Abbas ibn Ali (Arabic: العباس بن علي) (fourth of Shabaan 26th A.H., at Medina - tenth of Muharrum 61 A.H., at Karbala) was the son of the fourth sunni Caliph and the first Shiah Imam, Ali ibn Abi Talib and Fatima bint Hizam, commonly known as Ummul Banin. ... An interior view of the Zarih of Ali Akbar ibn Husayn Ali al-Akbar ibn Husayn (Arabic: علي الاكبر بن حسين) (Fifth of Shaaban, 44 AH - Tenth of Muharram, 61 AH) was the son of the third Shiah Imam, Husayn ibn Ali, and Umm Layla. ... Ali al-Asghar ibn Husayn (Tenth of Rajab, 60 AH - Tenth of Muharram, 61 AH) was the youngest child of Husayn ibn Ali (the grandson of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and the third Shia Imam) and Rubab (the daughter of the chief of the Kinda Imra al-Qays tribe). ... Mehndi of Qasim ibn Hassan Qasim ibn Hasan (Arabic: ) (Seventh of Shaaban, 47th Hijra - Tenth of Muharram, 61st Hijra) was the son of the second Shia Imam, Hasan ibn Ali, and grandson of the first Shia Imam, Ali ibn Abi Talib. ... Zari of Syeda Sakina Sukayna or Sakina bint Husayn (Arabic: سكينة) (Twentieth of Rajab, 56 AH – 117 AH) was the youngest daughter of Husayn ibn Ali and Umm Rubab (Rubab bint Imra al-Qays). ... The Persian saint Hadratah Fatimah Masumah was buried in Qum, modern Iran. ... Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah was the son of the first Shi’a Imam (Ali ibn Abu Talib) but he was called Ibn Hanafiyyah after his mother. ... Al-Fadl ibn al-Abbas or known in Persian Fazal ibn Abbas was the son of al-Abbas ibn Ali and Lubaba bint Ubaydillah. ... Combatants Islamic Caliphate Rebel Arabs Commanders Ali Aisha bint Abu Bakr Strength About 10,000 About 10,000 Casualties About 5,000 About 5,000 The Battle of Bassorah, Battle of the Camel, or Battle of Jamal was a battle that took place at Basra, Iraq in 656 between forces... Combatants Ummayyad Dynasty; Muawiyah I Rashidun Dynasty; Ali ibn Abi Talib Commanders Amr ibn al-Aas Ali ibn Abi Talib Malik ibn Ashter Strength 120,000 (approx) 90,000 (approx) Casualties 45,000 (approx) 25,000 (approx) The Battle of Siffin (May-July 657 CE) occurred during the First Fitna... A battle between Ali and the khawarij See also Ibadi External links Shia http://playandlearn. ... For the battle in the Iraq War, see Battle of Karbala (2007). ... The Shia Imam is considered by the Shia sect of Islam to be the rightful successor to Muhammad, and is similar to the Caliph in Sunni Islam only with regards to the aspect of political leadership. ... Shī‘a Islam, also Shi‘ite Islam, or Shi‘ism (Arabic ) is the second largest denomination of the Islamic faith. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Sayyid. ... // Harrak in Arabic الحراق refers to the last name carried by the Northern Moroccan families that descend from the sons of Al-Harrak. ...

Notes

Abu Muhammad Ahmad ibn Azham al-Kufi (Arabic: ) (d. ... Wilferd Ferdinand Madelung was born on 26 December 1930 in Stuttgart, Germany, where he completed his early education at Eberhard Ludwig Gymnasium. ... Imam Al-Suyuti (c. ... The Khalifas who took the right way or Al-Khulafah Ar-Rashidun:The Rightly Guided Caliphs is a classical work that presents authentic hadith about the first five Caliphs of Islam, writen by famous sunni scholar Suyuti. ... History of the Caliphs (Arabic: Tarikh al-khulafa) is a famous book writen by the classic Sunni scholar Suyuti External links http://www. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Sunan al-Tirmidhi is one of the six most authentic canonical hadith collections of the Sunnis, collected by al-Tirmidhi. ... Ibn Kathir (Arabic : بن كثير ) was an Islamic scholar born in Busra, Syria in 1301 CE. He was taught by the Islamic scholar Ibn Taymiyya in Damascus, Syria. ... The Beginning and the End (Arabic: Al-Bidayah wa Nihayah) is a classic work by the Sunni scholar Ibn Kathir. ... Muawiyah II or Muāwiyya ibn YazÄ«d (‎) (661 - 684) was an Umayyad caliph for about four months after the death of his father YazÄ«d. ... ...

References

Madelung, Wilferd (1997). The Succession to Muhammad: A Study of the Early Caliphate. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521646960.  Wilferd Madelung is the Laudian Professor of Arabic at the University of Oxford. ...

External links

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Hasan ibn Ali

• Hasan ibn 'Ali In Encyclopædia Britannica
• Hasan ibn 'Ali by Wilferd Madelung , In Encyclopædia Iranica
• AlMujtaba Islamic Network - In The Memory of Imam Al-Hassan AlMujtaba (AS)
• Kitab al Irshad, by Sheikh al Mufid, translated by I.K.A Howard, pp. 279 - 289
• [6]
• The Second Imam
• Sulh al-Hasan, The Peace Treaty of al-Hasan by Shaykh Radi Al-Yasin.
• [7]